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36. - Common Notions

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Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 January 2025

Karolina Hübner
Affiliation:
Cornell University, New York
Justin Steinberg
Affiliation:
Cornell University, New York
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Summary

Spinoza introduces common notions (notiones communes) in Part 2 of the Ethics in a short block of three propositions followed by two long scholia (E2p38–40s1,2). A central addition to Spinoza’s mature theory of knowledge, common notions are absent in the early TIE and KV but play an important role in the Ethics and the TTP. Common notions form “the foundations our reasoning” (E2p40s1) and the “foundations of philosophy” (III/179). While they clearly are central to his theory of knowledge, a considerable amount of conjecture is still required to reconstruct the finer details of Spinoza’s doctrine of common notions since he “set these aside for another Treatise” and therefore “decided to pass over them” in the Ethics. In that never written treatise, it seems, Spinoza intended to explain in more detail the use, clarity, and foundations of common notions, and their exact relation to axioms and the higher-order notions traditionally called “second notions” (E2p40s1, II/120).

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Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2024

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References

Recommended Reading

Deleuze, G. (1988). Spinoza: Practical Philosophy, trans. R. Hurley. City Lights.Google Scholar
Gueroult, M. (1974). Spinoza, vol. ii: L’Ame (Éthique, 2). Aubier-Montaigne.Google Scholar
Hübner, K. (2021). Spinoza on universals. In Melamed, Y. (ed.), A Companion to Spinoza (pp. 183201). Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar
Hübner, K. (2022). Spinoza’s epistemology and philosophy of mind. In Zalta, E. N. (ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2022/entries/spinoza-epistemology-mindGoogle Scholar
Lærke, M. (2021). Spinoza and the Freedom of Philosophizing. Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lærke, M. (2024). Prejudices, common notions, intuitions: Knowledge of God between the Ethics and the Tractatus Theologico-Politicus. In Garber, D. et al. (eds.), Spinoza: Reason, Religion, Politics. The Relation between the Ethics and the Tractatus Theologico-Politicus (pp. 59–80). Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Sangiacomo, A. (2019). Spinoza on Reason, Passions, and the Supreme Good. Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

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