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Chapter 12 - Section on the Law of Rebellion from the Radd al-Muḥtār of Ibn ʿĀbidīn (d. 1252/1836)

from Part II - Islamic Jurisprudence (Fiqh) and Related Genres

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 November 2024

By
Aysegul Simsek
Edited by
Omar Anchassi  and
Robert Gleave
Omar Anchassi
Affiliation:
Universität Bern, Switzerland
Robert Gleave
Affiliation:
University of Exeter
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Summary

This chapter discusses the section on rebellion from the Radd al-Muḥtār of the Damascene Ottoman muftī Ibn ʿĀbidīn (d. 1252/1836), with remarks on how social reality features in juristic texts, in this case the meteoric rise and destruction of the first Wahhābī state. The major theme of the extract is baghy (rebellion), and the correct response to it. Ibn ʿĀbidīn draws on centuries of Ḥanafī legal thought and carefully distinguishes brigands from rebels with a legitimate cause. In 1801, Mecca was invaded by the followers of the Wahhābī movement. By putting an end to the delivery of the Friday sermon in the name of the Ottoman sultan and barring Muslims from Ottoman lands from performing the pilgrimage, the Wahhābīs proclaimed the dawn of a new order in this, the holiest of cities. Ibn ʿĀbidīn, though by no means distinctive in designating the Wahhābīs Khārijites, is nevertheless interesting for his choice to address them in the chapter on rebellion. By doing so, he deploys an existing category of fiqh literature to evaluate a phenomenon of his own time.

Keywords

Rebellion (baghy)Rebels (bughā)ImamateWahhābismKhārijitesMilitary strength (manaʿa)Legitimacy.
Type
Chapter
Information
Islamic Law in Context
A Primary Source Reader
 , pp. 132 - 140
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2024

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References

Primary Sources

Ibn ʿĀbidīn, Muḥammad Amīn b. ʿUmar. Radd al-Muḥtār ʿalā al-Durr al-Mukhtār, Sharḥ Tanwīr al-Abṣār, 10 vols. (Riyadh: Dār ʿĀlam al-Kutub, 2003).Google Scholar

Secondary Sources

Abou El Fadl, Khaled. Rebellion and Violence in Islamic Law (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006).Google Scholar
Atçıl, Abdurrahman. ‘The Safavid Threat and Juristic Authority in the Ottoman Empire during the 16th Century’, International Journal of Middle East Studies 49 (2017), 295–314.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ayoub, Samy. Law, Empire, and the Sultan: Ottoman Imperial Authority and Late Ḥanafī Jurisprudence (New York: Oxford University Press, 2020).Google Scholar
Ayoub, Samy. ‘Ottoman Soldiers in the Arabian Peninsula: Fighting Armed Rebellion in the Sacred Mosque of Mecca in the Seventeenth Century’, Turkish Historical Review 9 (2018), 18–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Badawi, Nesrine. Islamic Jurisprudence on the Regulation of Armed Conflict: Text and Context (Leiden: Brill, 2019).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gündoğdu, Birol. ‘Problems in the Interpretations of Ottoman Rebellions in the Early Modern Period: An Analysis and Evaluation of Existing Literature on the Ottoman Rebellions between 1550 and 1821’, Osmanlı Araştırmaları: The Journal of Ottoman Studies 51 (2018), 459–85.Google Scholar
Hanioğlu, M. Şükrü. A Brief History of the Late Ottoman Empire (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
al-Khalīlī, Luʾay ʿAbd al-Raʾūf. Laʾāliʾ al-Miḥār fī Takhrīj Maṣādir Ibn ʿĀbidīn fī Ḥāshiyatihi Radd al-Muḥtār, 2 vols. (Amman: Dār al-Fatḥ li-l-Dirāsāt, 2010).Google Scholar
Kopuz, Kasim. ‘Reproduction of the Ottoman Legal Knowledge: The Case of Ibrahim al-Halabi’s Multaqa al-Abhur and Defining the Concept of Baghy in Commentarial Writings on it (16th to 18th Centuries)’, PhD thesis, Binghamton University, 2019.Google Scholar
Melis, Nicola. ‘A Seventeenth-Century Ḥanafī Treatise on Rebellion and Jihād in the Ottoman Age’, Eurasian Studies 2 (2003), 215–26.Google Scholar

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