Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-v9fdk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-14T09:44:13.548Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 14 - Management of Prosthetic Heart Valves in Pregnancy

from Section 5 - Thromboembolism and Anticoagulation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 February 2018

Sue Pavord
Affiliation:
University of Oxford
Beverley Hunt
Affiliation:
King's College London
Get access
Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2018

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

McLintock, C. Still casting its long shadow: rheumatic heart disease in Australia and New Zealand. International Medical Journal 2012; 42(9): 963966.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sadler, L, McCowan, L, White, H et al. Pregnancy outcomes and cardiac complications in women with mechanical, bioprosthetic and homograft valves. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2000; 107(2): 245253.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Elkayam, U, Bitar, F. Valvular heart disease and pregnancy. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2005; 46(3): 403410.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eikelboom, JW, Connolly, SJ, Brueckmann, M et al. Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with mechanical heart valves. New England Journal of Medicine 2013; 369(13): 1206–14.Google Scholar
European Society of Gynecology; Association for European Pediatric Cardiology; German Society for Gender Medicine; Regitz-Zagrosek, V, Blomstrom Lundqvist, C, Borghi, C et al. ESC Guidelines on the management of cardiovascular diseases during pregnancy: the Task Force on the Management of Cardiovascular Diseases during Pregnancy of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). European Heart Journal 2011; 32(24): 31473197.Google ScholarPubMed
Nishimura, RA, Otto, CM, Bonow, RO et al. 2014 AHA/ACC guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2014; 63(22): e57185.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bates, SM, Greer, IA, Middeldorp, S et al. VTE, thrombophilia, antithrombotic therapy, and pregnancy: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest. 2012; 141(2 Suppl): e691S736S.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McLintock, C. Anticoagulant choices in pregnant women with mechanical heart valves: balancing maternal and fetal risks – the difference the dose makes. Thrombosis Research 2013; 131 (Suppl 1): S810.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schelleman, H, Limdi, NA, Kimmel, SE. Ethnic differences in warfarin maintenance dose requirement and its relationship with genetics. Pharmacogenomics 2008; 9(9): 13311346.Google Scholar
McLintock, C, McCowan, LM, North, RA. Maternal complications and pregnancy outcome in women with mechanical prosthetic heart valves treated with enoxaparin. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2009; 116(12): 15851592.Google Scholar
Mazibuko, B, Ramnarain, H, Moodley, J. An audit of pregnant women with prosthetic heart valves at a tertiary hospital in South Africa: a five-year experience. Cardiovascular Journal of Africa 2012; 23(4): 216221.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Suri, V, Keepanasseril, A, Aggarwal, N et al. Mechanical valve prosthesis and anticoagulation regimens in pregnancy: a tertiary center experience. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 2011; 159(2): 320323.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Becker, MH, Genieser, NB, Finegold, M, Miranda, D, Spackman, T. Chondrodysplasis punctata: is maternal warfarin therapy a factor? American Journal of Diseases of Childhood 1975; 129(3): 356359.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hall, JG, Pauli, RM, Wilson, KM. Maternal and fetal sequelae of anticoagulation during pregnancy. American Journal of Medicine 1980; 68(1): 122140.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Howe, AM, Lipson, AH, de Silva, M, Ouvrier, R, Webster, WS. Severe cervical dysplasia and nasal cartilage calcification following prenatal warfarin exposure. American Journal of Medical Genetics 1997; 71(4): 391396.Google Scholar
Howe, AM, Hawkins, JK, Webster, WS. The growth of the nasal septum in the 6–9 week period of foetal development – Warfarin embryopathy offers a new insight into prenatal facial development. Australian Dental Journal 2004; 49(4): 171176.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Franco, B, Meroni, G, Parenti, G et al. A cluster of sulfatase genes on Xp22.3: mutations in chondrodysplasia punctata (CDPX) and implications for warfarin embryopathy. Cell 1995; 81(1): 1525.Google Scholar
van Driel, D, Wesseling, J, Sauer, PJ et al. Teratogen update: fetal effects after in utero exposure to coumarins: overview of cases, follow-up findings, and pathogenesis. Teratology 2002; 66(3): 127140.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McLintock, C. Thromboembolism in pregnancy: challenges and controversies in the prevention of pregnancy-associated venous thromboembolism and management of anticoagulation in women with mechanical prosthetic heart valves. Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology 2014; 28(4): 519536.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wong, V, Cheng, CH, Chan, KC. Fetal and neonatal outcome of exposure to anticoagulants during pregnancy. American Journal of Medical Genetics 1993; 45(1): 1721.Google Scholar
Van Driel, D, Wesseling, J, Rosendaal, FR et al. Growth until puberty after in utero exposure to coumarins. American Journal of Medical Genetics 2000; 95(5): 438443.3.0.CO;2-Z>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Greer, FR. Vitamin K the basics – what’s new? Early Human Development 2010; 86 (Suppl 1): 4347.Google Scholar
Vitale, N, De Feo, M, Cotrufo, M. Anticoagulation for prosthetic heart valves during pregnancy: the importance of warfarin daily dose. European Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery 2002; 22(4): 656; author reply 7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cotrufo, M, De Feo, M, De Santo, LS et al. Risk of warfarin during pregnancy with mechanical valve prostheses. Obstetrics and Gynecology 2002; 99(1): 3540.Google ScholarPubMed
Soma-Pillay, P, Nene, Z, Mathivha, TM, Macdonald, AP. The effect of warfarin dosage on maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnant women with prosthetic heart valves. Obstetric Medicine 2011; 4: 2427.Google Scholar
van Hagen, IM, Roos-Hesselink, JW, Ruys, TP et al. Pregnancy in women with a mechanical heart valve: data of the European Society of Cardiology Registry of Pregnancy and Cardiac Disease (ROPAC). Circulation 2015; 132(2): 132142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, JH, Park, NH, Keum, DY, Choi, SY, Kwon, KY, Cho, CH. Low molecular weight heparin treatment in pregnant women with a mechanical heart valve prosthesis. Journal of Korean Medical Science 2007; 22(2): 258261.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
De Santo, LS, Romano, G, Della Corte, A et al. Mechanical aortic valve replacement in young women planning on pregnancy: maternal and fetal outcomes under low oral anticoagulation, a pilot observational study on a comprehensive pre-operative counseling protocol. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2012; 59(12): 11101115.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chan, WS, Anand, S, Ginsberg, JS. Anticoagulation of pregnant women with mechanical heart valves: a systematic review of the literature. Archives of Internal Medicine 2000; 160(2): 191196.Google Scholar
Arnaout, MS, Kazma, H, Khalil, A et al. Is there a safe anticoagulation protocol for pregnant women with prosthetic valves? Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology 1998; 25(3): 101104.Google Scholar
Basude, S, Hein, C, Curtis, SL, Clark, A, Trinder, J. Low-molecular-weight heparin or warfarin for anticoagulation in pregnant women with mechanical heart valves: what are the risks? A retrospective observational study. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2012; 119(8): 10081013; discussion 12–3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meschengieser, SS, Fondevila, CG, Santarelli, MT, Lazzari, MA. Anticoagulation in pregnant women with mechanical heart valve prostheses. Heart 1999; 82(1): 2326.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nassar, AH, Hobeika, EM, Abd Essamad, HM et al. Pregnancy outcome in women with prosthetic heart valves. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2004; 191(3): 10091013.Google Scholar
Kawamata, K, Neki, R, Yamanaka, K et al. Risks and pregnancy outcome in women with prosthetic mechanical heart valve replacement. Circulation Journal 2007; 71(2): 211213.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McLintock, C. Anticoagulant therapy in pregnant women with mechanical prosthetic heart valves: no easy option. Thrombosis Research 2011; 127 (Suppl 3): S5660.Google Scholar
Oran, B, Lee-Parritz, A, Ansell, J. Low molecular weight heparin for the prophylaxis of thromboembolism in women with prosthetic mechanical heart valves during pregnancy. Thrombosis and Haemostasis 2004; 92(4): 747751.Google ScholarPubMed
Abildgaard, U, Sandset, PM, Hammerstrom, J, Gjestvang, FT, Tveit, A. Management of pregnant women with mechanical heart valve prosthesis: thromboprophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin. Thrombosis Research 2009; 124(3): 262267.Google Scholar
Chitsike, RS, Jacobson, BF, Manga, P et al. A prospective trial showing the safety of adjusted-dose enoxaparin for thromboprophylaxis of pregnant women with mechanical prosthetic heart valves. Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis 2011; 17(4): 313319.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goland, S, Schwartzenberg, S, Fan, J et al. Monitoring of anti-Xa in pregnant patients with mechanical prosthetic valves receiving low-molecular-weight heparin: peak or trough levels? Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2014; 19(5): 451456.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Quinn, J, Von Klemperer, K, Brooks, R et al. Use of high intensity adjusted dose low molecular weight heparin in women with mechanical heart valves during pregnancy: a single-center experience. Hematologica 2009; 94(11): 16081612.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yinon, Y, Siu, SC, Warshafsky, C et al. Use of low molecular weight heparin in pregnant women with mechanical heart valves. American Journal of Cardiology 2009; 104(9): 12591263.Google Scholar
Aventis Pharma. Heparin in pregnancy: cardiac valve thromboprophylaxis. Data on file; 1999.Google Scholar
Sanofi. Product monograph for Lovenox; 2015.Google Scholar
Gouin-Thibault, I, Pautas, E, Siguret, V. Safety profile of different low-molecular weight heparins used at therapeutic dose. Drug Safety 2005; 28(4): 333349.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Elkayam, U, Goland, S. The search for a safe and effective anticoagulation regimen in pregnant women with mechanical prosthetic heart valves. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2012; 59(12): 11161118.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barbour, LA, Oja, JL, Schultz, LK. A prospective trial that demonstrates that dalteparin requirements increase in pregnancy to maintain therapeutic levels of anticoagulation. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2004; 191(3): 10241029.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Turpie, AG, Gent, M, Laupacis, A et al. A comparison of aspirin with placebo in patients treated with warfarin after heart-valve replacement New England Journal of Medicine 1993; 329(8): 524529.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Massonnet-Castel, S, Pelissier, E, Bara, L et al. Partial reversal of low molecular weight heparin (PK 10169) anti-Xa activity by protamine sulfate: in vitro and in vivo study during cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation. Hemostasis 1986; 16(2): 139146.Google Scholar
Tran, HA, Chunilal, SD, Harper, PL et al. An update of consensus guidelines for warfarin reversal. Medical Journal of Australia 2013; 198(4): 198199.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Casais, P, Rolandi, F. Prosthetic valve thrombosis in pregnancy: a promising treatment for a rare and mostly preventable complication. Circulation 2013; 128(5): 481482.Google Scholar
Orme, ML, Lewis, PJ, de Swiet, M et al. May mothers given warfarin breast-feed their infants? BMJ 1977; 1(6076): 15641565.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Richter, C, Sitzmann, J, Lang, P et al. Excretion of low molecular weight heparin in human milk. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 2001; 52(6): 708710.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
NZ Heart Foundation. New Zealand Guidelines for Rheumatic Fever: Diagnosis, management and secondary prevention of acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease; 2014 (Update). Heart Foundation of New Zealand.Google Scholar
Swan, L. Congenital heart disease in pregnancy. Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology 2014; 28(4): 495506.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
UK National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE). Prophylaxis Against Infective Endocarditis: Antimicrobial Prophylaxis Against Infective Endocarditis in Adults and Children Undergoing Interventional Procedures. London: NICE; 2008.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×