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«Quod vita et salus nostra est quod galee nostre navigent» – les gens de mer a Venise du XIIIe au XVe siecle

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 May 2017

Doris Stöckly
Affiliation:
Archivist at the Archives d'état de Thurgovie, Switzerland
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Summary

RÉSUMÉ. À Venise, la vie maritime et commerciale investit toutes les couches de la société. Les progrès techniques de la fin du XIIIe siècle suscitent de grandes transformations de l'outil naval et une diversification sociale de ceux qui l'utilisent. L'écart s'accroît entre les membres du patriciat armant les navires, les techniciens à bord, les soldats embarqués et les rameurs. L'auteur décrit les rudes conditions de vie à bord, le difficile recrutement des marins, l'immigration étrangère dans les métiers de la mer et la culture des gens de mer. Sous la tutelle du Sénat, tous les groupes sociaux et nationaux participent d'un commun accord à l'expansion commerciale de Venise.

ABSTRACT. In Venice, the maritime and commercial life pervaded all levels of society. The technical progress of the late 13th century brought about great transformations of the naval instrument and social diversification of its users. The differences widened between the patrician class who operated the vessels and the onboard technicians, sailors, and oarsmen. The author describes the poor conditions on board, the difficulties of recruiting sailors and foreign immigration affecting the naval trades and the seamen's culture. Under the auspices of the Senate, all the social and national groups participated in a common effort for the commercial expansion of Venice.

Les trois siècles d'histoire maritime que nous étudions montrent les éléments caractéristiques de l'histoire de la cité basée sur l'eau et orientée vers la mer : unanimité entre patriciat, conseils et population dans le domaine du commerce maritime, implication de la quasi totalité des habitants et priorité accordée à la politique commerciale.

Afin de tirer profit de sa position acquise lors de la Quatrième croisade en 1204 Venise se met à renforcer sa position en mer Adriatique. La mise en place, dès 1280 de la custodia Culphi, de l'escadre du golfe qui contrôle la navigation dans l'Adriatique devenue vénitienne, est le signe parlant de l'évolution qui mène à l'empire colonial situé sur les rivages de la Méditerranée orientale.

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Publisher: Boydell & Brewer
Print publication year: 2017

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