Book contents
- The Phonetics and Phonology of Heritage Languages
- The Phonetics and Phonology of Heritage Languages
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Figures
- Tables
- Contributors
- Acknowledgments
- Introduction
- 1 Front Rounded Vowels of Heritage Korean in Northern China
- 2 Phonetic Influence from the Minority Language
- 3 Phonological Transfer in Heritage Japanese in Australia
- 4 Phrasal Prosody of Heritage Speakers of Samoan in Aotearoa New Zealand
- 5 Stress Placement in English Loanwords by Speakers of Mirpur Pahari in the UK
- 6 Intergenerational Transmission of Laterals in Punjabi–English Heritage Bilinguals
- 7 Perception and Production of Phonemic Contrasts in Heritage Russian and Polish in Germany
- 8 Focus Realization in Heritage Spanish
- 9 Language-Specific Phonology of Heritage Perception
- 10 An Individual-Differences Perspective on Variation in Heritage Mandarin Speakers
- 11 Childhood Language Exposure
- 12 The Intonation of Declaratives and Polar Questions in Modern versus Heritage Icelandic
- 13 Functional Load and Vowel Merger in Toronto Heritage Cantonese
- 14 Have Cantonese Tones Merged in Spontaneous Speech?
- 15 Phonetics of Stop Voicing in Heritage and Homeland Polish
- 16 Perception and Production of English and Portuguese Voiceless Stops by Heritage Learners
- 17 Prosodically Conditioned Variation
- Index
- References
10 - An Individual-Differences Perspective on Variation in Heritage Mandarin Speakers
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 15 February 2024
Edited by
Book contents
- The Phonetics and Phonology of Heritage Languages
- The Phonetics and Phonology of Heritage Languages
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Figures
- Tables
- Contributors
- Acknowledgments
- Introduction
- 1 Front Rounded Vowels of Heritage Korean in Northern China
- 2 Phonetic Influence from the Minority Language
- 3 Phonological Transfer in Heritage Japanese in Australia
- 4 Phrasal Prosody of Heritage Speakers of Samoan in Aotearoa New Zealand
- 5 Stress Placement in English Loanwords by Speakers of Mirpur Pahari in the UK
- 6 Intergenerational Transmission of Laterals in Punjabi–English Heritage Bilinguals
- 7 Perception and Production of Phonemic Contrasts in Heritage Russian and Polish in Germany
- 8 Focus Realization in Heritage Spanish
- 9 Language-Specific Phonology of Heritage Perception
- 10 An Individual-Differences Perspective on Variation in Heritage Mandarin Speakers
- 11 Childhood Language Exposure
- 12 The Intonation of Declaratives and Polar Questions in Modern versus Heritage Icelandic
- 13 Functional Load and Vowel Merger in Toronto Heritage Cantonese
- 14 Have Cantonese Tones Merged in Spontaneous Speech?
- 15 Phonetics of Stop Voicing in Heritage and Homeland Polish
- 16 Perception and Production of English and Portuguese Voiceless Stops by Heritage Learners
- 17 Prosodically Conditioned Variation
- Index
- References
Summary
This chapter takes an individual-differences perspective on the dual sound systems of American heritage speakers (HSs) of Mandarin Chinese. Based on detailed socio-demographic data and production data on segmentals and suprasegmentals, we build holistic demographic and phonetic profiles for HSs, as well as native speakers and late learners, to explore how different aspects of their two languages (i.e., Mandarin, English) may develop in relation to each other and how individual variation in production may be related to socio-demographic factors. Using multiple factor analysis (MFA), we describe the range of these profiles, identify clusters of variation defined by different socio-demographic factors, and argue that some factors (e.g., age of arrival, language(s) spoken at home) have more predictive power for phonetic profiles than others. Overall, our results suggest a significant, if limited, link between socio-demographic factors and production, but only in Mandarin. We conclude by discussing the advantages and disadvantages of group-based and individual-centered approaches.
Keywords
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- The Phonetics and Phonology of Heritage Languages , pp. 208 - 236Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2024
References
Abdi, H., Williams, L. J., & Valentin, D. (2013). Multiple factor analysis: Principal component analysis for multitable and multiblock data sets. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Computational Statistics, 5(2), 149–179.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boersma, P., & Weenink, D. (2016). Praat: Doing phonetics by computer [Computer program]. Version 6.0.23. www.praat.org.Google Scholar
Bowles, A. R., Chang, C. B., & Karuzis, A. P. (2016). Pitch ability as an aptitude for tone learning. Language Learning, 66(4), 774–808. https://doi.org/10.1111/lang.12159.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chang, C. B. (2021). Phonetics and phonology of heritage languages. In Montrul, S. & Polinsky, M. (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of heritage languages and linguistics (pp. 581–612). Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chang, C. B., & Yao, Y. (2016). Toward an understanding of heritage prosody: Acoustic and perceptual properties of tone produced by heritage, native, and second language speakers of Mandarin. Heritage Language Journal, 13(2), 134–160. https://doi.org/10.46538/hlj.13.2.4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chang, C. B., & Yao, Y. (2019). Production of neutral tone in Mandarin by heritage, native, and second language speakers. In Calhoun, S., Escudero, P., Tabain, M., & Warren, P. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences (pp. 2291–2295). Australasian Speech Science and Technology Association Inc.Google Scholar
Chang, C. B., Haynes, E. F., Yao, Y., & Rhodes, R. (2009). A tale of five fricatives: Consonantal contrast in heritage speakers of Mandarin. University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics, 15(1), 37–43.Google Scholar
Chang, C. B., Haynes, E. F., Yao, Y., & Rhodes, R. (2010). The phonetic space of phonological categories in heritage speakers of Mandarin. In Bane, M., Bueno, J., Grano, T., Grotberg, A., & McNabb, Y. (Eds.), Proceedings from the 44th Annual Meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society: The main session (pp. 31–45). Chicago Linguistic Society.Google Scholar
Chang, C. B., Yao, Y., Haynes, E. F., & Rhodes, R. (2011). Production of phonetic and phonological contrast by heritage speakers of Mandarin. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 129(6), 3964–3980. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.3569736.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Darcy, I., Park, H., & Yang, C.-L. (2015). Individual differences in L2 acquisition of English phonology: The relation between cognitive abilities and phonological processing. Learning and Individual Differences, 40, 63–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2015.04.005.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Debras, C. (2017). The shrug. Gesture, 16(1), 1–34. https://doi.org/10.1075/gest.16.1.01deb.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dewaele, J.-M., & Furnham, A. (2000). Personality and speech production: A pilot study of second language learners. Personality and Individual Differences, 28(2), 355–365.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dörnyei, Z., & Skehan, P. (2003). Individual differences in second language learning. In Doughty, C. J. & Long, M. H. (Eds.), The handbook of second language acquisition (pp. 589–630). Malden, MA: Blackwell.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Favier, S. (2020). Individual differences in syntactic knowledge and processing: Exploring the role of literacy experience [Doctoral dissertation, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Netherlands].Google Scholar
Flege, J. E. (1995). Second language speech learning: Theory, findings, and problems. In Strange, W. (Ed.), Speech perception and linguistic experience: Issues in cross-language research (pp. 233–272). York Press.Google Scholar
Hodge, G., Ferrara, L. N., & Anible, B. D. (2019). The semiotic diversity of doing reference in a deaf signed language. Journal of Pragmatics, 143, 33–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2019.01.025.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Idemaru, K., Holt, L. L., & Seltman, H. (2012). Individual differences in cue weights are stable across time: The case of Japanese stop lengths. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 132(6), 3950–3964. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.4765076.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Iosad, P., & Lamb, W. (2020). Dialect variation in Scottish Gaelic nominal morphology: A quantitative study. Glossa: A Journal of General Linguistics, 5(1), Art. 130. https://doi.org/10.5334/gjgl.1023.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kartushina, N., & Frauenfelder, U. H. (2013). On the role of L1 speech production in L2 perception: Evidence from Spanish learners of French. In Bimbot, F., Cerisara, C., Fougeron, C., Gravier, G., Lamel, L., Pellegrino, F., & Perrie, P. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 14th Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association (INTERSPEECH-2013) (pp. 2118–2122). ISCA Archive.Google Scholar
Kartushina, N., & Frauenfelder, U. H. (2014). On the effects of L2 perception and of individual differences in L1 production on L2 pronunciation. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 1246. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01246.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kassambara, A., & Mundt, F. (2020). Package ‘factoextra’: Extract and visualize the results of multivariate data analyses (Version 1.0.7) [Computer software]. https://cran.r-project.org/package=factoextra.Google Scholar
Lê, S., Josse, J., & Husson, F. (2008). FactoMineR: An R package for multivariate analysis. Journal of Statistical Software, 25(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v025.i01.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Milovanov, R., Pietilä, P., Tervaniemi, M., & Esquef, P. A. A. (2010). Foreign language pronunciation skills and musical aptitude: A study of Finnish adults with higher education. Learning and Individual Differences, 20(1), 56–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perrachione, T. K., Lee, J., Ha, L. Y. Y., & Wong, P. C. M. (2011). Learning a novel phonological contrast depends on interactions between individual differences and training paradigm design. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 130(1), 461–472. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.3593366.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Piqueras-Fiszman, B., Ares, G., & Varela, P. (2011). Semiotics and perception: Do labels convey the same messages to older and younger consumers? Journal of Sensory Studies, 26(3), 197–208. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745–459X.2011.00336.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
R Development Core Team. (2021). R: A language and environment for statistical computing [Computer program]. In R Foundation for Statistical Computing. www.r-project.org/.Google Scholar
Raizada, R. D. S., Tsao, F.-M., Liu, H.-M., & Kuhl, P. K. (2010). Quantifying the adequacy of neural representations for a cross-language phonetic discrimination task: Prediction of individual differences. Cerebral Cortex, 20(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhp076.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Robinson, P. (2001). Individual differences, cognitive abilities, aptitude complexes and learning conditions in second language acquisition. Second Language Research, 17(4), 368–392.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schertz, J., Cho, T., Lotto, A., & Warner, N. (2015). Individual differences in phonetic cue use in production and perception of a non-native sound contrast. Journal of Phonetics, 52, 183–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wocn.2015.07.003.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schertz, J., Cho, T., Lotto, A. J., & Warner, N. (2016). Individual differences in perceptual adaptability of foreign sound categories. Attention, Perception, and Psychophysics, 78(1), 355–367. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13414-015-0987-1.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Skehan, P. (2002). Theorizing and updating aptitude. In Robinson, P. (Ed.), Individual differences and instructed language learning (pp. 69–93). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar