Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-mkpzs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T12:13:19.532Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Democracy and Population Health

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 June 2020

James W. McGuire
Affiliation:
Wesleyan University, Connecticut

Summary

This Element explores the association between political democracy and population health. It reviews the rise of scholarly interest in the association, evaluates alternative indicators of democracy and population health, assesses how particular dimensions of democracy have affected population health, and explores how population health has affected democracy. It finds that democracy - optimally defined as free, fair, inclusive, and decisive elections plus basic rights - is usually, but not invariably, beneficial for population health, even after good governance is taken into account. It argues that research on democracy and population health should take measurement challenges seriously; recognize that many aspects of democracy, not just competitive elections, can affect population health; acknowledge that democracy's impact on population health will be large or small, and beneficial or harmful, depending on circumstances; and identify the relevant circumstances by combining the quantitative analysis of many cases with the qualitative study of a few cases.
Get access
Type
Element
Information
Online ISBN: 9781108778725
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication: 09 July 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Acemoglu, Daron, et al. (2001). The Colonial Origins of Comparative Development: An Empirical Investigation. American Economic Review 91(5), 13691401.Google Scholar
Ahmad, Omar B., et al. (2000). The Decline in Child Mortality: A Reappraisal. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 78(10), 11751191.Google Scholar
Alkema, Leontine; You, Danzhen (2012). Child Mortality Estimation: A Comparison of UN IGME and IHME Estimates of Levels and Trends in Under-Five Mortality Rates and Deaths. PLoS Medicine, 9(8), e1001288.Google Scholar
Allende Gossens, Salvador (1939). La realidad médico-social Chilena (sintesis). Santiago, Chile: Ministerio de Salubridad, Prevision y Asistencia Social.Google Scholar
Altman, David; Castiglioni, Rossana (2009). Democratic Quality and Human Development in Latin America: 1972–2001. Canadian Journal of Political Science 42(2), 297319.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alvarez, Michael, et al. (1996). Classifying Political Regimes. Studies in Comparative International Development 31(2), 336.Google Scholar
Arellano, José-Pablo (1985). Social Policies in Chile: An Historical Review. Journal of Latin American Studies 17(2), 397418.Google Scholar
Austin, Kelly F.; McKinney, Laura A. (2018). Disaster Devastation in Poor Nations: The Direct and Indirect Effects of Gender Equality, Ecological Losses, and Development. Social Forces 95(1), 355380.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bäck, Hanna; Hadenius, Axel (2008). Democracy and State Capacity: Exploring a J-Shaped Relationship. Governance 21(1), 124.Google Scholar
Barlow, Pepita (2018). Does Trade Liberalization Reduce Child Mortality in Low- and Middle-Income Countries? A Synthetic Control Analysis of 36 Policy Experiments, 1963–2005. Social Science & Medicine 205, 107115.Google Scholar
Baron, Reuben M.; Kenny, David A. (1986). The Moderator–Mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research: Conceptual, Strategic, and Statistical Considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 51(6), 11731182.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beall, Alec T., et al. (2016). Infections and Elections: Did an Ebola Outbreak Influence the 2014 US Federal Elections (and If So, How)? Psychological Science 27(5), 595605.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beer, Caroline (2009). Democracy and Gender Equality. Studies in Comparative International Development 44(3), 212227.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beetham, David (2004). The Quality of Democracy: Freedom as the Foundation. Journal of Democracy 15(4), 6175.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bellinger, Nisha Mukherjee (2018). Democracy and Infant Mortality within India: From Whether to Why. European Political Science Review 10(1), 328.Google Scholar
Besley, Timothy; Kudamatsu, Masayuki (2006). Health and Democracy. Ms. Accessed May 16, 2019, at www.lse.ac.uk/economics/Assets/Documents/personal-pages/tim-besley/miscelanea/health-and-democracy.pdfGoogle Scholar
Biggs, Samantha L., et al. (2010). Health and Historical Levels of Freedom. Globalization and Health 6(11), 18.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Blais, André, et al. (2001). Deciding Who Has the Right to Vote: A Comparative Analysis of Election Laws. Electoral Studies 20(1), 4162.Google Scholar
Bloom, David E., et al. (2018). Health and Economic Growth: Reconciling the Micro and Macro Evidence. IZA Institute of Labor Economics Discussion Paper No. 11940.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boix, Carles, et al. (2013). A Complete Data Set of Political Regimes, 1800–2007. Comparative Political Studies 46(12), 15231554.Google Scholar
Bollen, Kenneth A. (1980). Issues in the Comparative Measurement of Political Democracy. American Sociological Review 45(3), 370390.Google Scholar
Bollyky, Thomas J., et al. (2019). The Relationships Between Democratic Experience, Adult Health, and Cause-Specific Mortality in 170 Countries Between 1980 and 2016: An Observational Analysis. The Lancet 393, 16281640.Google Scholar
Boulding, Carew; Wampler, Brian (2010). Voice, Votes, and Resources: Evaluating the Effect of Participatory Democracy on Well-being. World Development 38(1), 124135.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brasil, Ministério da Saúde (2002). Desafios e conquistas do PSF. Revista Brasileira de Saúde da Família [Brasília] 2(5), 624.Google Scholar
Brieba, Daniel (2018). State Capacity and Health Outcomes: Comparing Argentina’s and Chile’s Reduction of Infant and Maternal Mortality, 1960–2013. World Development 101, 3753.Google Scholar
Bright Line Watch (2018). Erosion, Polarization, and Norm Violations: Bright Line Watch Survey Report. August 1. Accessed April 9, 2019, at http://brightlinewatch.org/wave6/Google Scholar
Brown, Jerimiah T. (2017). Freedom as Capability: How the Capability Approach Can Improve Our Understanding of Freedom in Established Democracies. PhD Diss., University of Melbourne.Google Scholar
Bueno de Mesquita, Bruce, et al. (2003). The Logic of Political Survival. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burden, Barry C., et al. (2017). How Different Forms of Health Matter to Political Participation. The Journal of Politics 79(1), 166178.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Burroway, Rebekah (2016). Democracy and Child Health in Developing Countries. International Journal of Comparative Sociology 57(5), 338364.Google Scholar
Caldwell, John C. (1986). Routes to Low Mortality in Poor Countries. Population and Development Review 12(2), 171220.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Center for Systemic Peace (2016). Change Log File 2016. Accessed January 10, 2019, at www.systemicpeace.org/inscr/p4ch2016.xlsGoogle Scholar
Chamberlin, T. C. (1965 [1890]). The Method of Multiple Working Hypotheses. Science 148(3671), 754759.Google Scholar
Chambers, Paul (2006). Consolidation of Thaksinocracy and Crisis of Democracy: Thailand’s 2005 Election. In Croissant, Aurel and Martin, Beate, eds., Between Consolidation and Crisis: Elections and Democracy in Five Nations in Southeast Asia. Berlin: Lit Verlag, 277329.Google Scholar
Charron, Nicholas; Lapuente, Victor (2010). Does Democracy Produce Quality of Government? European Journal of Political Research 49(4), 443470.Google Scholar
Cheibub, José Antonio, et al. (2010). Democracy and Dictatorship Revisited. Public Choice 143(1–2), 67101.Google Scholar
Chung, Haejoo; Muntaner, Carles (2006). Political and Welfare State Determinants of Infant and Child Health Indicators: An Analysis of Wealthy Countries. Social Science & Medicine 63(3), 829842.Google Scholar
Clark, Mary A. (2004). Reinforcing a Public System: Health Sector Reform in Costa Rica. In Kaufman, Robert R. and Nelson, Joan M., eds., Crucial Needs, Weak Incentives. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 189216.Google Scholar
Collier, David; Adcock, Robert (1999). Democracy and Dichotomies: A Pragmatic Approach to Choices About Concepts. Annual Review of Political Science 2, 537565.Google Scholar
Coppedge, Michael (2012). Democratization and Research Methods. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coppedge, Michael, et al. (2008). Two Persistent Dimensions of Democracy: Contestation and Inclusiveness. Journal of Politics 70(3), 632647.Google Scholar
Coppedge, Michael, et al. (2017). V-Dem Comparisons and Contrasts with Other Measurement Projects. University of Gothenburg, Varieties of Democracy Institute Working Paper No. 45.Google Scholar
Coppedge, Michael; Gerring, John, et al. (2011). Conceptualizing and Measuring Democracy: A New Approach. Perspectives on Politics 9(2), 247267.Google Scholar
Cruz, Cesi, et al. (2018). Database of Political Institutions 2017 Codebook. Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank Numbers for Development.Google Scholar
Dahl, Robert (1971). Polyarchy: Participation and Opposition. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Dahl, Robert(1989). Democracy and Its Critics. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Dahl, Robert(1998). On Democracy. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Dawson, Andrew (2010). State Capacity and the Political Economy of Child Mortality in Developing Countries Revisited: From Fiscal Sociology towards the Rule of Law. International Journal of Comparative Sociology 51(6), 403422.Google Scholar
Derbyshire, J. Denis; Derbyshire, Ian (1989). Political Systems of the World. Edinburgh: W and R Chambers.Google Scholar
DHS [Demographic and Health Surveys] (2019). DHS StatCompiler. Accessed April 17, 2019, at https://statcompiler.com/en/Google Scholar
Diamond, Larry (2015). Facing Up to the Democratic Recession. Journal of Democracy 26(1), 141155.Google Scholar
Dietrich, Simone; Bernhard, Michael (2016). State or Regime? The Impact of Institutions on Welfare Outcomes. European Journal of Development Research 28(2), 252269.Google Scholar
Drèze, Jean; Sen, Amartya K. (1989). Hunger and Public Action. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Dwicaksono, Adenantera; Fox, Ashley M. (2018). Does Decentralization Improve Health System Performance and Outcomes in Low‐ and Middle‐Income Countries? A Systematic Review of Evidence from Quantitative Studies. The Milbank Quarterly 96(2), 323368.Google Scholar
Edwards, Ryan B. (2016). Mining Away the Preston Curve. World Development 78, 2236.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evans, Peter B., Heller, Patrick (2015). Human Development, State Transformation, and the Politics of the Developmental State. In Leibfried, Stephan et al., eds., Oxford Handbook of Transformations of the State. New York: Oxford University Press, 691713.Google Scholar
Falleti, Tulia; Cunial, Santiago (2018). Participation in Social Policy: Public Health in Comparative Perspective (Elements in the Politics of Development). New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foa, Roberto; Mounk, Yascha (2017). The Signs of Deconsolidation. Journal of Democracy 28(1), 515.Google Scholar
Freedom House (2018). Methodology: Freedom in the World 2018. Washington, DC: Freedom House.Google Scholar
Fujiwara, Thomas (2015). Voting Technology, Political Responsiveness, and Infant Health: Evidence from Brazil. Econometrica 83(2), 423464.Google Scholar
Gallardo-Albarrán, Daniel (2018). Health and Economic Development Since 1900. Economics & Human Biology 31, 228237.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Garay, Candelaria (2016). Social Policy Expansion in Latin America. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Gassner, Marjorie, et al. (2006). Human Development and Electoral Systems. Journal of Human Development 7(1), 4357.Google Scholar
Gastil, Raymond D. (1990). The Comparative Survey of Freedom: Experiences and Suggestions. Studies in Comparative International Development 25(1), 2550.Google Scholar
Gauri, Varun (2004). Social Rights and Economics: Claims to Health Care and Education in Developing Countries. World Development 32(3), 465477.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Geronimus, Arline T., et al. (2006). “Weathering” and Age Patterns of Allostatic Load Scores Among Blacks and Whites in the United States. American Journal of Public Health 96(5), 826833.Google Scholar
Gerring, John, et al. (2012). Democracy and Human Development. Journal of Politics 74(1), 117.Google Scholar
Gerring, John, et al. (2016). Electoral Democracy and Human Development. V-Dem Working Paper Series 2015:9, New Version (February 2016).Google Scholar
Gerring, John; Thacker, Strom C. (2008). A Centripetal Theory of Democratic Governance. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Gibson, Christopher L. (2017). The Consequences of Movement Office-Holding for Health Policy Implementation and Social Development in Urban Brazil. Social Forces 96(2), 751778.Google Scholar
Gillanders, Robert (2016). The Effects of Foreign Aid in Sub-Saharan Africa. Economic and Social Review 47(3), 339360.Google Scholar
Giraudy, Agustina, et al., eds. (2019). Inside Countries: Subnational Research in Comparative Politics. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Goertz, Gary (2017. Multimethod Research, Causal Mechanisms, and Case Studies: An Integrated Approach. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Gonçalves, Sonia (2014). The Effects of Participatory Budgeting on Municipal Expenditures and Infant Mortality in Brazil. World Development 53, 94110.Google Scholar
Goodwin-Gill, Guy (2006). Free and Fair Elections: New Expanded Edition. Geneva: Inter-Parliamentary Union.Google Scholar
Grindle, Merilee (2012). Good Governance: The Inflation of an Idea. In Sanyal, Bishwapriya, Vale, Lawrence J., and Rosan, Christina D., eds., Planning Ideas That Matter. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Gurr, Ted Robert (1974). Persistence and Change in Political Systems, 1800–1971. American Political Science Review 68(4), 14821504.Google Scholar
Hadenius, Axel, et al. (2017). Authoritarian Regimes Data Set, v. 6.0. Accessed February 28, 2019, at https://sites.google.com/site/authoritarianregimedataset/dataGoogle Scholar
Halleröd, Björn, et al. (2013). Bad Governance and Poor Children: A Comparative Analysis of Government Efficiency and Severe Child Deprivation in 68 Low- and Middle-Income Countries. World Development 48, 1931.Google Scholar
Hanson, Jonathan K. (2015). Democracy and State Capacity: Complements or Substitutes? Studies in Comparative International Development 50(3), 304330.Google Scholar
Harbers, Imke; Ingram, Matthew (2017). Geo-Nested Analysis: Mixed-Methods Research with Spatially Autocorrelated Data. Political Analysis 25, 289307.Google Scholar
Hauck, Katharena, et al. (2016). Priorities for Action on the Social Determinants of Health: Empirical Evidence on the Strongest Associations with Life Expectancy in 54 Low-Income Countries, 1990–2012. Social Science & Medicine 167, 8898.Google Scholar
Heclo, Hugh (1979). Issue Networks and the Executive Establishment. In King, Anthony, ed., A New American Political System. Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute, 87124.Google Scholar
Hempel, Karl (1965). Aspects of Scientific Explanation. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
Hill, Kenneth, et al. (1999). Trends in Child Mortality in the Developing World: 1960–1996. New York: UNICEF.Google Scholar
Hill, Kenneth, et al. (2012). Child Mortality Estimation: Accelerated Progress in Reducing Global Child Mortality, 1990–2010. PLoS Medicine 9(8), e1001303.Google Scholar
Hoechle, Daniel (2007). Robust Standard Errors for Panel Regressions with Cross-Sectional Dependence. Stata Journal 7(3), 281312.Google Scholar
Hollyer, James R. (2018). Measuring Governance. In Anheier, Helmut K., Haber, Matthias, and Kayser, Mark A., eds., Governance Indicators: Approaches, Progress, Promise. New York: Oxford University Press, 103134.Google Scholar
Hone, Thomas, et al. (2017). Association Between Expansion of Primary Healthcare and Racial Inequalities in Mortality Amenable to Primary Care in Brazil: A National Longitudinal Analysis. PloS Medicine 14(5), e1002306.Google Scholar
Hruschka, Daniel, et al. (2014). Impartial Institutions, Pathogen Stress and the Expanding Social Network. Human Nature 25(4), 567579.Google Scholar
Hu, Yannan, et al. (2015). Income inequality, Life Expectancy and Cause-Specific Mortality in 43 European Countries, 1987–2008: A Fixed Effects Study. European Journal of Epidemiology 30(8), 615625.Google Scholar
Hurst, Duane F., et al. (1997). The Relationship of Self-Esteem to the Health-Related Behaviors of the Patients of a Primary Care Clinic. Archives of Family Medicine 6(1), 6770.Google Scholar
IHME (Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation) (2018). About GBD. Accessed January 21, 2019, at www.healthdata.org/gbd/aboutGoogle Scholar
IHME (Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation) (2019). IHME data on live births in thousands and on infant deaths. Accessed January 18, 2019, at https://cloud.ihme.washington.edu/index.php/s/jWq9BL54CcyzuMz (live births) and http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool (infant deaths).Google Scholar
Inklaar, Robert, et al. (2018). Maddison Project Database 2018, Stata version. Accessed January 24, 2018, at www.rug.nl/ggdc/historicaldevelopment/maddison/data/mpd2018.dta. Groningen, NL: Groningen Growth and Development CenterGoogle Scholar
Itzkowitz, Howard; Oldak, Lauren (1973). Restoring the Ex-Offender’s Right to Vote: Background and Developments. American Criminal Law Review 11(3), 721770.Google Scholar
Jetter, Michael, et al. (2015). The Effect of Democracy on Corruption: Income is Key. World Development 74, 286304.Google Scholar
Jiménez-Rubio, Dolores (2011). The Impact of Fiscal Decentralization on Infant Mortality Rates: Evidence from OECD Countries. Social Science & Medicine 73(9), 14011407.Google Scholar
Jiménez-Rubio, Dolores(2014). Fiscal Decentralization of Health Services. In Regmi, Krishna, ed., Decentralizing Health Services: A Global Perspective. New York: Springer, 7992.Google Scholar
Jost, John T., et al. (2003). Political Conservatism as Motivated Social Cognition. Psychological Bulletin 129(3), 339375.Google Scholar
Jost, John T., et al. (2004). Perspectivism in Social Psychology: The Yin and Yang of Scientific Progress. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.Google Scholar
Kalemli-Ozcan, Sebnem, et al. (2000). Mortality Decline, Human Capital Investment, and Economic Growth. Journal of Development Economics 62(1), 123.Google Scholar
Kato, Junko; Tanaka, Seiki (2018). Human Development without Democratic Accountability: How Regressive Taxation Contributes to Human Development through State Capacity. Japanese Journal of Political Science 19(3), 429443.Google Scholar
Kaufman, Robert; Haggard, Stephan (2019). Democratic Decline in the United States: What Can We Learn from Middle-Income Backsliding? Perspectives on Politics 17(2), 417432.Google Scholar
Kaufmann, Daniel, et al. (2009). Governance Matters VIII: Aggregate and Individual Governance Indicators 1996–2008. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 4978. Washington, DC: World Bank.Google Scholar
Kavanagh, Matthew M. (2016). The Right to Health: Institutional Effects of Constitutional Provisions on Health Outcomes. Studies in Comparative International Development 51(3), 328364.Google Scholar
Kawachi, Ichiro, et al. (1999). Social Capital and Self-Rated Health: A Contextual Analysis. American Journal of Public Health 89(8), 11871193.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kawachi, Ichiro; Subramanian, S. V. (2018). Social Epidemiology for the 21st Century. Social Science & Medicine 196, 240245.Google Scholar
Kaza, Avinash (2003). Political Determinants of Indian Social Development. Senior undergraduate thesis, Department of Economics, Stanford University. May. Accessed April 19, 2020, at https://www.semanticscholar.orgGoogle Scholar
Keefer, Philip; Khemani, Stuti (2005). Democracy, Public Expenditures, and the Poor: Understanding Political Incentives for Providing Public Services. World Bank Research Observer 20(1), 127.Google Scholar
Keefer, Philip, et al. (2011). Earthquake Propensity and the Politics of Mortality Prevention. World Development 39(9), 15301541.Google Scholar
Kim, Nam Kyu; Kroeger, Alex M. (2018). Do Multiparty Elections Improve Human Development in Autocracies? Democratization 25(2), 251272.Google Scholar
Kinugasa, Tomoko; Mason, Andrew (2007). Why Countries Become Wealthy: The Effects of Adult Longevity on Saving. World Development 35(1), 123.Google Scholar
Klomp, Jeroen; De Haan, Jakob (2009). Is the Political System Really Related to Health? Social Science & Medicine 69(1), 3646.Google Scholar
Knutsen, Carl Henrik, et al. (2019). Economic Development and Democracy: An Electoral Connection. European Journal of Political Research 58(1), 292314.Google Scholar
Korolev, Alexander (2016). Regime Responsiveness to Basic Needs: A Dimensional Approach. Studies in Comparative International Development 51(4), 434455.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kosack, Stephen, et al. (2018). Encouraging Participation. Working Paper, Transparency for Development, Ash Center, Harvard Kennedy School, December 17. Accessed April 9, 2019, at https://ash.harvard.edu/transparency-development/publications-1Google Scholar
Kouloumentas, Stavros (2014). The Body and the Polis: Alcmaeon on Health and Disease. British Journal for the History of Philosophy 22(5), 867887.Google Scholar
Krieger, Nancy (2001). Theories for Epidemiology in the 21st Century: An Ecosocial Perspective. International Journal of Epidemiology 30(4), 668677.Google Scholar
Laakso, Markku; Taagepera, Rein (1979). “Effective” Number of Parties: A Measure with Application to West Europe. Comparative Political Studies 12(1), 327.Google Scholar
Latinobarómetro (2017). Análisis Online. Apoyo para la democracia, cruzado por edad del entrevistado. Accessed May 18, 2019, at www.latinobarometro.org/latOnline.jspGoogle Scholar
Law, Teik Hua (2015). Factors Associated with the Relationship Between Non-Fatal Road Injuries and Economic Growth. Transport Policy 42, 166172.Google Scholar
Leach, Colin Wayne; Cidam, Atilla (2015). When Is Shame Linked to Constructive Approach Orientation? A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 109(6), 9831002.Google Scholar
Leamer, Edward E. (1985). Sensitivity Analyses Would Help. American Economic Review 75(3), 308313.Google Scholar
Lechler, Marie; Sunde, Uwe (2019). Individual Life Horizon Influences Attitudes Toward Democracy. American Political Science Review 113(3), 860867.Google Scholar
Lieberman, Evan S. (2005). Nested Analysis as a Mixed-Method Strategy for Comparative Research. American Political Science Review 99, 435452.Google Scholar
Lijphart, Arend (1997). Unequal Participation: Democracy’s Unresolved Dilemma. American Political Science Review 91(1), 114.Google Scholar
Link, Bruce G.; Phelan, Jo (1995). Social Conditions as Fundamental Causes of Disease. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Extra Issue, 8094.Google Scholar
Lipset, Seymour Martin (1959). Some Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy. American Political Science Review 53(1), 69105.Google Scholar
Lizzeri, Alessandro; Persico, Nicola (2004). Why Did the Elites Extend the Suffrage? Democracy and the Scope of Government, with an Application to Britain’s “Age of Reform.Quarterly Journal of Economics 119(2), 707765.Google Scholar
López-Guerra, Claudio (2014). Democracy and Disenfranchisement: The Morality of Electoral Exclusions. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Mackenbach, Johan P. (2014). Political Determinants of Health. European Journal of Public Health 24(1), 2.Google Scholar
Mackenbach, Johan P., et al. (2013) Democratization and Life Expectancy in Europe, 1960–2008. Social Science & Medicine 93, 166175.Google Scholar
Macmillan, Ross, et al. (2018). Gender and the Politics of Death: Female Representation, Political and Developmental Context, and Population Health in a Cross-National Panel. Demography 55(5), 19051934.Google Scholar
Madsen, Jakob B. (2018). Health-led Growth Since 1800. Macroeconomic Dynamics 22(4), 9611000.Google Scholar
Mahler, Vincent A. (2008). Electoral Turnout and Income Redistribution by the State: A Cross‐National Analysis of the Developed Democracies. European Journal of Political Research 47(2), 161183.Google Scholar
Mainwaring, Scott, et al. (2010). Measuring Success in Democratic Governance. In Mainwaring, Scott and Scully, Timothy R., eds., Democratic Governance in Latin America. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Makhlouf, Yousef, et al. (2017). Child Mortality, Commodity Price Volatility and the Resource Curse. Social Science & Medicine 178, 144156.Google Scholar
Manor, James (2004). User Committees: A Potentially Damaging Second Wave of Decentralisation? European Journal of Development Research 16(1), 192213.Google Scholar
Marshall, Monty G., et al. (2002), Polity IV, 1800–1999: Comments on Munck and Verkuilen. Comparative Political Studies 35(1), 4045.Google Scholar
Marshall, Monty G., et al. (2018). Polity IV Project: Political Regime Characteristics and Transitions, 1800–2017. Dataset Users’ Manual. Vienna, VA: Center for Systemic Peace.Google Scholar
Marshall, T. H. (1950). Citizenship and Social Class. In Citizenship and Social Class and Other Essays. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 185.Google Scholar
Martel García, Fernando (2014). Democracy Is Good for the Poor: A Procedural Replication of Ross (2006). Research & Politics 1(3), 110.Google Scholar
Mattila, Mikko, et al. (2013). Healthy Voting: The Effect of Self-Reported Health on Turnout in 30 Countries. Electoral Studies 32(4), 886891.Google Scholar
Maynard, Gary (2016). Health International Non-Governmental Organizations, Democracy, and Tuberculosis Mortality in Developing Nations: A Longitudinal Analysis. Sociological Spectrum 36(5), 303320.Google Scholar
McGuire, James W. (1999). Labor Union Strength and Human Development in East Asia and Latin America. Studies in Comparative International Development 33(4), 334.Google Scholar
McGuire, James W.(2010a). Wealth, Health, and Democracy in East Asia and Latin America. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
McGuire, James W.(2010b). Political Factors and Health Outcomes: Insight from Argentina’s Provinces. Research Paper 2010/25 for the UNDP Human Development Report 2010.Google Scholar
McGuire, James W.(2013). Political Regime and Social Performance. Contemporary Politics 19(1), 5575.Google Scholar
McGuire, James W.(2014). Democracy, Agency, and the Classification of Political Regimes. In Brinks, Daniel, Leiras, Marcelo, and Mainwaring, Scott, eds., Reflections on Uneven Democracies: The Legacy of Guillermo O’Donnell. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 287310.Google Scholar
McGuire, William J. (1983). A Contextualist Theory of Knowledge: Its Implications for Innovation and Reform in Psychological Research. In Berkowitz, Leonard, ed., Advances in Experimental Social Psychology 16. New York: Academic Press, 147.Google Scholar
McGuire, William J.(1984). Public Communication as a Strategy for Inducing Health-Promoting Behavioral Change. Preventive Medicine 13(3), 299319.Google Scholar
McGuire, William J.(1989). A Perspectivist Approach to the Strategic Planning of Programmatic Scientific Research. In Gholson, Barry et al., eds., The Psychology of Science: Contributions to Metascience. New York: Cambridge University Press, 214245.Google Scholar
McLaughlin, Sara, et al. (1998). Timing the Changes in Political Structures: A New Polity Database. Journal of Conflict Resolution 42(2), 231242.Google Scholar
McMann, Kelly M., et al. (2019). Why Low Levels of Democracy Promote Corruption and High Levels Diminish It. Political Research Quarterly doi.org/10.1177/1065912919862054Google Scholar
Mercer, Alex, et al. (2006). Validating Neonatal Mortality and Use of NGO Reproductive Health Outreach Services in Rural Bangladesh. Studies in Family Planning 37(2), 111122.Google Scholar
Miller, Grant (2008). Women’s Suffrage, Political Responsiveness, and Child Survival in American History. Quarterly Journal of Economics 123(3), 12871327.Google Scholar
Miller, Michael K. (2015). Electoral Authoritarianism and Human Development. Comparative Political Studies 48(12),15261562.Google Scholar
Ministério da Saúde (2002). Desafios e conquistas do PSF. Revista Brasileira de Saúde da Família [Brasília] 2(5), 624.Google Scholar
Moon, Bruce E.; Dixon, William J. (1985). Politics, the State, and Basic Human Needs: A Cross-National Study. American Journal of Political Science 29(4), 661694.Google Scholar
Mosley, W. Henry (1985). Remarks. In Halstead, Scott B., Walsh, Julia A., and Warren, Kenneth S., eds., Good Health at Low Cost: A Conference Report. New York: The Rockefeller Foundation, 241244.Google Scholar
Mosley, W. Henry; Chen, Lincoln C. (1984). An Analytical Framework for the Study of Child Survival in Developing Countries. Population and Development Review 10 (Supplement), 2445.Google Scholar
Mukherjee, Nisha (2013). Party Systems and Human Well-Being. Party Politics 19(4), 601623.Google Scholar
Munck, Gerardo; Verkuilen, Jay (2002). Conceptualizing and Measuring Democracy: Evaluating Alternative Indices. Comparative Political Studies 35(1), 534.Google Scholar
Muntaner, Carles (2013). Democracy, Authoritarianism, Political Conflict, and Population Health: A Global, Comparative, and Historical Approach. Social Science & Medicine 86, 107112.Google Scholar
Muntaner, Carles, et al. (2002). Economic Inequality, Working-Class Power, Social Capital, and Cause-Specific Mortality in Wealthy Countries. International Journal of Health Services 32(4), 629656.Google Scholar
Murray, Damian R., et al. (2013). Pathogens and Politics: Further Evidence That Parasite Prevalence Predicts Authoritarianism. PLoS ONE 8(5), e62275.Google Scholar
Nathanson, Constance A. (1996). Disease Prevention as Social Change: Toward a Theory of Public Health. Population and Development Review 22(4), 609637.Google Scholar
Navarro, Vicente; Shi, Leiyu (2001). The Political Context of Social Inequalities and Health. International Journal of Health Services 31(1), 121.Google Scholar
Navia, Patrico; Zweifel, Thomas D. (2003). Democracy, Dictatorship, and Infant Mortality Revisited. Journal of Democracy 14(3), 90103.Google Scholar
Nelson, Joan M. (2007). Elections, Democracy, and Social Services. Studies in Comparative International Development 41(4), 7997.Google Scholar
Ng, Edwin (2013). The Politics of Population Health in Canada: Testing Provincial Welfare Generosity and Leftist Politics as Macro-social Determinants of Population Health. PhD Diss., University of Toronto.Google Scholar
Niedzwiecki, Sara (2018). Uneven Social Policies: The Politics of Subnational Variation in Latin America. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Norris, Pippa (2012). Making Democratic Governance Work. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Norris, Pippa(2017). Is Western Democracy Backsliding? Diagnosing the Risks. Journal of Democracy Web Exchange. Accessed July 6, 2018, at www.journalofdemocracy.org/page/283/?sGoogle Scholar
Norris, Pippa, et al., eds. (2019). Electoral Integrity in America. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Nussbaum, Martha (2011). Creating Capabilities: The Human Development Approach. Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
O’Donnell, Guillermo (2010). Democracy, Agency, and the State: Theory with Comparative Intent. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Okada, Keisuke (2018). Health and Political Regimes: Evidence from Quantile Regression. Economic Systems 42(2), 307319.Google Scholar
Olafsdottir, Sigrun; Beckfield, Jason (2011). Health and the Social Rights of Citizenship: Integrating Welfare-State Theory and Medical Sociology. In Pescosolido, Bernice A. et al., eds., Handbook of the Sociology of Health, Illness, and Healing. New York: Springer, 101115.Google Scholar
Olper, Alessandro, et al. (2018). Trade Liberalization and Child Mortality: A Synthetic Control Method. World Development 110, 394410.Google Scholar
Ostrom, Elinor (1996). Crossing the Great Divide: Coproduction, Synergy, and Development. World Development 24(6), 10731087.Google Scholar
Pacek, Alexander; Radcliff, Benjamin (1995). Turnout and the Vote for Left-of-Centre Parties: A Cross-National Analysis. British Journal of Political Science 25(1), 137143.Google Scholar
Pacheco, Julianna; Fletcher, Jason (2015). Incorporating Health into Studies of Political Behavior: Evidence for Turnout and Partisanship. Political Research Quarterly 68(1), 104116.Google Scholar
Patterson, Andrew C. (2017). Not All Built the Same? A Comparative Study of Electoral Systems and Population Health. Health & Place 47, 9099.Google Scholar
Patterson, Andrew C.; Veenstra, Gerry (2016). Politics and Population Health: Testing the Impact of Electoral Democracy. Health & Place 40, 6675.Google Scholar
Peksen, Dursun (2011). Economic Sanctions and Human Security: The Public Health Effect of Economic Sanctions. Foreign Policy Analysis 7(3), 237251.Google Scholar
Pemstein, Daniel, et al. (2010). Democratic Compromise: A Latent Variable Analysis of Ten Measures of Regime Type. Political Analysis 18(4), 426449.Google Scholar
Pérez-Liñán, Aníbal; Mainwaring, Scott (2014). Democratic Breakdown and Survival in Latin America, 1945–2005. In Brinks, Daniel, Leiras, Marcelo, and Mainwaring, Scott, eds., Reflections on Uneven Democracies: The Legacy of Guillermo O’Donnell. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2143.Google Scholar
Persson, Torsten; Tabellini, Guido (2005). The Economic Effects of Constitutions. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Pettersson, Jan (2007). Child Mortality: Is Aid Fungibility in Pro-Poor Expenditure Sectors Decisive? Review of World Economics 143(4), 673693.Google Scholar
Pieters, Hannah, et al. (2016). Effect of Democratic Reforms on Child Mortality: A Synthetic Control Analysis. The Lancet Global Health 4(9), e627e632.Google Scholar
Price-Smith, Andrew T. (2008). Contagion and Chaos: Disease, Ecology, and National Security in the Era of Globalization. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Pritchett, Lant; Summers, Lawrence H. (1996). Wealthier Is Healthier. Journal of Human Resources 31(4), 841868.Google Scholar
Przeworski, Adam, et al. (2000). Democracy and Development. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Purtle, Jonathan (2013). Felon Disenfranchisement in the United States: A Health Equity Perspective. American Journal of Public Health 103(4), 632637.Google Scholar
Putnam, Robert D. (2001). Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York: Simon and Schuster.Google Scholar
Reitan, Therese C. (2003). Too Sick to Vote? Public Health and Voter Turnout in Russia During the 1990s. Communist and Post-Communist Studies 36(1), 4968.Google Scholar
Reynolds, Megan M. (2014). Power, Policy and Health in Rich Democracies. PhD Diss., Duke University.Google Scholar
Rodríguez, Javier M. (2018). Health Disparities, Politics, and the Maintenance of the Status Quo: A New Theory of Inequality. Social Science & Medicine 200, 3643.Google Scholar
Rodríguez, Javier M., et al. (2015). Black Lives Matter: Differential Mortality and the Racial Composition of the US Electorate, 1970–2004. Social Science & Medicine 136, 193199.Google Scholar
Roepke, Susan K.; Grant, Igor (2011). Toward a More Complete Understanding of the Effects of Personal Mastery on Cardiometabolic Health. Health Psychology 30(5), 615632.Google Scholar
Root, Hilton L. (1996). Small Countries, Big Lessons: Governance and the Rise of East Asia. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Rosenberg, Dina Y. (2018). Political Economy of Infant Mortality Rate: Role of Democracy Versus Good Governance. International Journal of Health Services 48(3), 435460.Google Scholar
Ross, Michael (2006). Is Democracy Good for the Poor? American Journal of Political Science 50(4), 860874.Google Scholar
Rothstein, Bo (2015). Guilty as Charged? Human Well-Being and the Unsung Relevance of Political Science. In Peters, Guy B., Pierre, Jon, and Stoker, Gerry, eds., The Relevance of Political Science. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 84103.Google Scholar
Rothstein, Bo; Teorell, Jan (2008). What Is Quality of Government? A Theory of Impartial Government Institutions. Governance 21(2), 165190.Google Scholar
Sacks, Audrey; Levi, Margaret (2010). Measuring Government Effectiveness and Its Consequences for Social Welfare in Sub-Saharan African Countries. Social Forces 88(5), 23252351.Google Scholar
Safaei, Jalil (2006). Is Democracy Good for Health? International Journal of Health Services 36(4), 767786.Google Scholar
Sartori, Giovanni (1976). Parties and Party Systems: A Framework for Analysis. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Schattschneider, E. E. (1960). The Semisovereign People: A Realist’s View of Democracy in America. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.Google Scholar
Schur, Lisa, et al. (2013). People with Disabilities: Sidelined or Mainstreamed? New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
SCImago (2018). SJR – SCImago Journal & Country Rank [Portal]. Accessed December 23, 2018, at www.scimagojr.comGoogle Scholar
Seawright, Jason (2016). Multi-Method Social Science: Combining Qualitative and Quantitative Tools. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Selway, Joel Sawat (2011). Electoral Reform and Public Policy Outcomes in Thailand: The Politics of the 30-Baht Health Scheme. World Politics 63(1), 165202.Google Scholar
Sen, Amartya K. (1983). Development: Which Way Now? The Economic Journal 93(372), 745762.Google Scholar
Sen, Amartya K.(1999). Development as Freedom. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.Google Scholar
Skaaning, Svend-Erik, et al. (2015). A Lexical Index of Electoral Democracy. Comparative Political Studies 48(12), 14911525.Google Scholar
Shandra, John M., et al. (2010). Do Non-Governmental Organizations Impact Health? A Cross-National Analysis of Infant Mortality. International Journal of Comparative Sociology 51, 137164.Google Scholar
Steiner, Nils D. (2016). Comparing Freedom House Democracy Scores to Alternative Indices and Testing for Political Bias: Are US Allies Rated as More Democratic by Freedom House? Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice 18(4), 329349.Google Scholar
Svolik, Milan W. (2019). Polarization versus Democracy. Journal of Democracy 30(3), 2032.Google Scholar
Szreter, Simon (1997). Economic Growth, Disruption, Deprivation, Disease, and Death: On the Importance of the Politics of Public Health for Development. Population and Development Review 23(4), 693728.Google Scholar
Taucher, Erica (1984). Mortalidad infantil en Chile. Paper prepared for the Organización Pamamericana de la Salud Taller Regional sobre Estrategias de Atención Primaria y Mortalidad del Niño, 7–11 de Mayo, Mexico, DF.Google Scholar
Tendler, Judith (1997). Good Government in the Tropics. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Teorell, Jan, et al. (2018). Quality of Government Standard Dataset, version Jan18. University of Gothenburg: The Quality of Government Institute, www.qog.pol.gu.se doi:10.18157/QoGStdJan18. Original data: Infant mortality: World Bank World Development Indicators, accessed November 2, 2017. V-Dem Liberal Democracy Index: Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Project country-year/country-date dataset v7.1, accessed October 17, 2017.Google Scholar
Thornhill, Randy, et al. (2009). Parasites, Democratization, and the Liberalization of Values across Contemporary Countries. Biological Reviews 84(1), 113131.Google Scholar
Touchton, Michael; Wampler, Brian (2014). Improving Social Well-Being Through New Democratic Institutions. Comparative Political Studies 47(10), 14421469.Google Scholar
Touchton, Michael, et al. (2017). Democracy at Work: Moving Beyond Elections to Improve Well-Being. American Political Science Review 111(1), 6882.Google Scholar
Truex, Rory (2017). The Myth of the Democratic Advantage. Studies in Comparative International Development 52(3), 261277.Google Scholar
Tybur, Joshua M., et al. (2016). Parasite Stress and Pathogen Avoidance Relate to Distinct Dimensions of Political Ideology Across 30 Nations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113(44), 1240812413.Google Scholar
Uggen, Christopher; Manza, Jeff (2002). Democratic Contraction? Political Consequences of Felon Disenfranchisement in the United States. American Sociological Review 67(6), 777803.Google Scholar
UNDP-Korea (United Nations Development Programme-Korea) (1998). Korea Human Development Report 1998. Seoul: Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs.Google Scholar
UNICEF (United Nations International Children’s Education Fund) (1992, 1998). State of the World’s Children. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
UNICEF et al. (2007). Child Mortality in 2006: Estimates Developed by the Inter-Agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation. New York: UNICEF.Google Scholar
UNIGME (United Nations Inter-Agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation) (2019). Under-Five Mortality Rate (U5MR) and Number of Under-Five Deaths. Updated September 18, 2018. Accessed January 18, 2019, at https://childmortality.orgGoogle Scholar
UNPD (United Nations Population Division) (1992). Child Mortality Since the 1960s. New York: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Development.Google Scholar
UNPD (United Nations Population Division) (2017). World Population Prospects. The 2017 Revision. Methodology of the United Nations Population Estimates and Projections. New York: United Nations.Google Scholar
V-Dem Institute (2019). Democracy Facing Global Challenges: V-Dem Annual Report 2019. University of Gothenburg, Varieties of Democracy Institute.Google Scholar
V-Dem Institute (2020a). V-Dem Codebook v10 - March 2020. University of Gothenburg, Varieties of Democracy Institute.Google Scholar
V-Dem Institute (2020b). V-Dem Country–Year Dataset v10. University of Gothenburg, Varieties of Democracy Institute. https://doi.org/10.23696/vdemds20Google Scholar
Valenzuela, J. Samuel (1992). Democratic Consolidation in Post-Transitional Settings: Notion, Process, and Facilitating Conditions. In Mainwaring, Scott, O’Donnell, Guillermo, and Valenzuela, J. Samuel, eds., Issues in Democratic Consolidation. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press.Google Scholar
Vanhanen, Tatu (2016). Measures of Democracy 1810–2014 [dataset]. Version 7.0 (2016–05-30). Finnish Social Science Data Archive [distributor]. Accessed May 9, 2019, at http://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD1289Google Scholar
Virchow, Rudolf (1985 [1879]). Report on the Typhus Epidemic in Upper Silesia. In Rather, Lelland Joseph, ed. Collected Essays on Public Health and Epidemiology, Vol. 1. Canton, MA: Science History Publications.Google Scholar
Wampler, Brian (2007). Participatory Budgeting in Brazil: Contestation, Cooperation, and Accountability. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press.Google Scholar
Wang, Yi-ting, et al. (2019). Does Democracy Enhance Health? New Empirical Evidence 1900–2012. Political Research Quarterly 72(3), 554–569.Google Scholar
Watson, Samuel I. (2016). Democratic Reform and Health: Interpreting Causal Estimates. The Lancet Global Health 4(12), e904.Google Scholar
Welander, Anna, et al. (2015). Globalization, Democracy, and Child Health in Developing Countries. Social Science & Medicine 136, 5263.Google Scholar
Weyland, Kurt (1995). Social Movements and the State: The Politics of Health Reform in Brazil. World Development 23(10), 16991712.Google Scholar
WHO (World Health Organization) (2018). WHO Methods and Data Sources for Life Tables 1990–2016. Geneva: WHO.Google Scholar
Wigley, Simon; Akkoyunlu-Wigley, Arzu (2011a). The Impact of Regime Type on Health: Does Redistribution Explain Everything? World Politics 63(4), 647677.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wigley, Simon; Akkoyunlu-Wigley, Arzu(2011b). Do Electoral Institutions Have an Impact on Population Health? Public Choice 148(3–4), 595610.Google Scholar
Wigley, Simon; Akkoyunlu-Wigley, Arzu(2017). The Impact of Democracy and Media Freedom on Under-5 Mortality, 1961–2011. Social Science & Medicine 190, 237246.Google Scholar
Wilkinson, Richard G. (2001). Mind the Gap: Hierarchies, Health, and Human Evolution. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Wilson, Ben; Dyson, Tim (2017). Democracy and the Demographic Transition. Democratization 24(4), 594612.Google Scholar
World Bank (1998). World Development Indicators on CD-ROM. Washington, DC: World Bank.Google Scholar
Young, Frank (1994). The Structural Causes of Infant Mortality Decline in Chile. Social Indicators Research 31(1), 2746.Google Scholar
Young, Frank; Lyson, Thomas A. (2001). Structural Pluralism and All-Cause Mortality. American Journal of Public Health 91(1), 136138.Google Scholar
Zelizer, Julian E. (2015). How Medicare Was Made. New Yorker, February 15. Accessed March 14, 2019, at www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/medicare-madeGoogle Scholar
Zweifel, Thomas D.; Navia, Patricio (2000). Democracy, Dictatorship, and Infant Mortality. Journal of Democracy 11(2), 99114.Google Scholar

Save element to Kindle

To save this element to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Democracy and Population Health
Available formats
×

Save element to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Democracy and Population Health
Available formats
×

Save element to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Democracy and Population Health
Available formats
×