Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-j824f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T13:11:46.575Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The rat hippocampus as a target for prolonged stress: Biochemical and behavioral effects

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 September 2015

Extract

The probability that an individual will suffer from a major depressive episode is often considered to be influenced by risk factors such as gender, premature parental loss, exposure to pathogenic parental rearing, personality, a history of traumatic events, a previous history of major depression, low social support, recent stressful life events and difficulties and predisposing genetic influences. Although several studies suffer from methodological limitations, major depression (endogenous depression) is regarded as a multifactorial disorder and understanding its etiology requires the rigorous integration of several risk factors.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Scandinavian College of Neuropsychopharmacology 1995

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature

1.Weissman, MM, Klerman, GL. Sex differences and the epidemiology of depression. Arch gen Psychiat 1977; 34: 98111.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2.Tennant, C. Parental loss in childhood: its effect in adult life. Arch gen Psychiat 1988; 45: 1045–50.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
3.Holmes, SJ, robins, LN. The role of parental disciplinary practices in the development of depression and alcoholism. Psychiatry 1988; 51: 2436.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
4.Hirschfeld, RMA, Klerman, GL, Lavori, PW, Keller, MB, Griffith, P, Corywell, W. Premorbid personality assessments of first onset of major depression. Arch gen Psychiat 1989; 46: 345–50.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
5.Cutler, SE, Nolen-Hocksema, S. Accounting for sex differences in depression through female victimization: childhood sexual abuse. Sex Roles 1991; 24: 425–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6.Lewinsohn, PM, Hoberman, HM, Rosenbaum, M. A prospective study of risk factors for unipolar depression. J abnorm Psychol 1988; 97: 251–64.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
7.Brown, GW, Harris, TO. Social Origins of Depression: A study of psychiatric disorder in women. London: Tavistock, 1978.Google Scholar
8.Brown, GW, Harris, TO, hepworth, C. Life events and endogenous depression. Arch gen Psychiat 1994; 51: 525–34.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
9.Kendler, KS, Kessler, RC, Neal, MC, Heath, AC, Eaves, LJ. The prediction of major depression in women: toward an integrated etiologic model. Am J Psychiat 1993; 150: 1139–48.Google ScholarPubMed
10.Tsuang, MT, Faraone, SV. The Genetics of Mood Disorders. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1990.Google Scholar
11.Uno, H, Tarara, R, Else, JG, Suleman, MA, Sapolsky, RM. Hippocampal damage associated with prolonged and fatal stress in primates. J Neurosci 1989; 9: 1705–11.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
12.Watanabe, Y, Gould, E, McEwen, . Stress induces atrophy of apical dendrites of hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons. Brain Res 1992; 588: 341–45.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
13.Chao, HM, Blanchard, DC, Blanchard, RJ, McEwen, BS, Sakai, RR. The effect of social stress on hippocampal gene expression. Mol cell Neurosci 1993; 4: 543–48.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
14.Shors, TJ, Seib, TB, Levine, S, Thompson, RF. Inescapable versus escapable shock modulates long-term potentiation in the rat hippocampus. Science 1989; 244: 224–26.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
15.Katz, RJ, Roth, KA, Carroll, BJ. Acute and chronic stress effects on open field activity in the rat: Implications for a model of depression. Neurosci biobehav Rev 1981; 5: 247–51.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
16.Nadel, L. The hippocampus and space revisited. Hippocampus 1991; 3: 221–29CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17.Olds, JL, Anderson, ML, McPhie, DL, Staten, LD, Alkon, DL. Imaging of memory specific changes in the distribution of protein kinase C in the hippocampus. Science 1989; 245: 866–69.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed