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Factors included in adult fall risk assessment tools (FRATs): a systematic review

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 April 2020

Hendrika de Clercq Open the ORCID record for Hendrika de Clercq [Opens in a new window] ,
Alida Naudé  and
Juan Bornman
Hendrika de Clercq*
Affiliation:
Centre for Augmentative and Alternative Communication, Faculty of Humanities, University of Pretoria, South Africa
Alida Naudé
Affiliation:
Centre for Augmentative and Alternative Communication, Faculty of Humanities, University of Pretoria, South Africa
Juan Bornman
Affiliation:
Centre for Augmentative and Alternative Communication, Faculty of Humanities, University of Pretoria, South Africa
*
*Corresponding author. Email: hendrika@hdcinc.co.za
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Abstract

Falls often have severe financial and environmental consequences, not only for those who fall, but also for their families and society at large. Identifying fall risk in older adults can be of great use in preventing or reducing falls and fall risk, and preventative measures that are then introduced can help reduce the incidence and severity of falls in older adults. The overall aim of our systematic review was to provide an analysis of existing mechanisms and measures for evaluating fall risk in older adults. The 43 included FRATs produced a total of 493 FRAT items which, when linked to the ICF, resulted in a total of 952 ICF codes. The ICF domain with the most used codes was body function, with 381 of the 952 codes used (40%), followed by activities and participation with 273 codes (28%), body structure with 238 codes (25%) and, lastly, environmental and personal factors with only 60 codes (7%). This review highlights the fact that current FRATs focus on the body, neglecting environmental and personal factors and, to a lesser extent, activities and participation. This over-reliance on the body as the point of failure in fall risk assessment clearly highlights the need for gathering qualitative data, such as from focus group discussions with older adults, to capture the perspectives and views of the older adults themselves about the factors that increase their risk of falling and comparing these perspectives to the data gathered from published FRATs as described in this review.

Keywords

accidental fallsaging/ageingbalancedisability and healthfall risk factorsfall risk assessment tools (FRATs)
Type
Review Article
Information
Ageing & Society , Volume 41 , Issue 11 , November 2021 , pp. 2558 - 2582
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

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