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Localized Critical Theory as an Expression of Community Archaeology Practice: with an Example from Inuvialuit Elders of the Canadian Western Arctic

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Natasha Lyons
Natasha Lyons*
Affiliation:
Ursus Heritage Consulting, 11500 Coldstream Creek Road, Coldstream, British Columbia, Canada, V1B 1E3 (natasha@ursusheritage.ca)
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Abstract

Critical theory has been little used in archaeology, despite its exceptional ability to understand social relations and circumstances, both past and present. In this paper, I develop the concept of a localized critical theory that connects broadscale global processes, such as colonialism and capitalism, to cultural processes that occur at the local level. This expression of archaeological practice has the power to hear, cultivate, and share the voices of individuals and communities as they speak about their respective histories, while recognizing and acknowledging their broader social context. I explore how lnuvialuit Elders' memories are portrayed and interpreted within the lnuvialuit Living History project, focusing particularly on their memories of traditional beluga-whaling in the Mackenzie Delta of Canada’s Western Arctic that were evoked through the identification and handling of ancestral whaling artifacts. I use localized critical theory to explore how Elders’ distinctive perspectives and experiences of beluga-whaling through the course of the mid-twentieth century articulate with and comment on wider historical processes and the agendas of the Canadian nation-state.

Resumen

Resumen

La teoría crítica ha sido poco usada en la arqueología a pesar de su excepcional habilidad para entender las relaciones sociales y circunstancias, del pasado y del presente. En este artículo desarrollo el concepto de la teoría crítica localizada que conecta procesos globales de amplia escala, como el colonialismo y el capitalismo, con procesos culturales que ocurren a nivel local. Esta expresión de la práctica arqueológica tiene el poder de escuchar, cultivar y compartir las voces de los individuos y las comunidades al momento en que ellos hablan sobre sus respectivas historias, mientras que además es posible reconocer su contexto social más amplio. En este artículo exploro como la memoria de los ancianos lnuvialuit es retratada e interpretada dentro del proyecto de historia viva de los lnuvialuit. Me enfoco en la memoria de los ancianos que practican la pesca de la ballenas beluga en el delta del río Mackenzie del Ártico Occidental de Canadá, que se evoca a través de la identificación y manejo de los artefactos ancestrales de la práctica de pesca de las beluga. Utilizo la teoría crítica para explorar como la perspectiva distintiva y las experiencias sobre la pesca de belugas en el curso de la mitad del siglo vigésimo se articula con la memoria de los ancianos, y comento sobre los procesos históricos mas amplios y las agendas sostenidas por el estado-nación Canadiense.

Type
Articles
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 79 , Issue 2 , April 2014 , pp. 183 - 203
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for American Archaeology 2014

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