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Effigy Pipes, Diplomacy, and Myth: Exploring Interaction between St. Lawrence Iroquoians and Eastern Iroquois in New York State

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Anthony Wonderley
Anthony Wonderley*
Affiliation:
Oneida Indian Nation, Legal Department, 221 Union St., P.O. Box 662, Oneida, NY 13421-0662 (twonderley@oneida-nation.org)
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Abstract

This article relates an archaeological “culture” of northern New York to the Eastern Iroquois nations through the evidence of ceramic smoking pipes that are about 500 years old. After categorizing the objects on the basis of distinctive but thematically related imagery, I observe that their distribution is suggestive of an interaction sphere linking the St. Lawrence Iroquoians of Jefferson County with the Mohawks, Oneidas, and Onondagas elsewhere in present Upstate New York. Later historic descriptions imply that these pipes were connected with diplomatic ritual conducted by male representatives of those communities. The resulting geographical occurrence might be the archaeological footprint of alliances antedating the famous League of the Iroquois. Bearing remarkably elaborate designs, these objects are among the most iconographically complex compositions preserved in the Northeast. All depict themes of emergence, and some may illustrate a more extensive myth asserting the common origins of several groups. Fragments of similar stories survive to this day and are among the oldest oral narratives documented among the Iroquois. My interpretations of both the behavioral/social correlates and the meaning(s) of these pipes derive from applications of the direct historical method, an approach tapping the unsurpassed richness of the Iroquoian ethnographic and historic record.

Résumé

Résumé

Este artículo relaciona una cultura arqueológica de la región norte de Nueva York a las naciones iroquesas de la región Este a través de la evidencia de pipas para fumar de cerámica de alrededor de 500 años de antigüedad. Luego de categorizar los objetos en base a imaginería distintiva pero relacionada temáticamente, observé que su distribución sugiere una esfera de interacción vinculando los Iroqueses de San Lorenzo (St. Lawrence Iroquoians) del Condado de Jefferson, con los Mohawks, Oneidas, y Onondagas en otras partes de la actual región norte de Nueva York. Descripciones históricas más recientes implican que estas pipas estaban relacionadas con rituales diplomáticos que sostenían los hombres representantes de esas comunidadas. El episodio geográfico resultante podría ser la huella arqueológica de alianzas que antecedieron a lafamosa Liga de los Iroqueses. Con diseños extraordinariamente elaborados, estos objetos están dentro de las composiciones iconográficamente más complejas preservadas en el Noreste. Todos representan temas de surgimiento y otros pueden ilustrar un mito más extenso validando el origen común de varios grupos. Fragmentos de historias similares sobreviven hasta estos días y están entre las narrativas más antiguas documentadas de los iroqueses. Mis interpretaciones de conceptos correlativos, social/conducta y el significado o significados de estas pipas, derivan de las aplicaciones del método histórico directo, un enfoque que deriva a la insuperable riqueza de la etnografía iroquesa y la recolección histórica.

Type
Articles
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 70 , Issue 2 , April 2005 , pp. 211 - 240
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for American Archaeology 2005

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