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Pachuca Obsidian Blades from the U.S. Southwest: Implications for Mesoamerican Connections and Coronado's Mexican Indian Allies

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 August 2021

Sean G. Dolan Open the ORCID record for Sean G. Dolan [Opens in a new window]  and
M. Steven Shackley
Sean G. Dolan*
Affiliation:
Environment, Safety and Health, N3B Los Alamos, 1200 Trinity Suite 150, Los Alamos, NM87544, USA
M. Steven Shackley
Affiliation:
Geoarchaeological XRF Laboratory, 8100 Wyoming Boulevard NE, Suite M4-158, Albuquerque, NM87113, USA; Department of Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley, 232 Kroeber Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-3710, USA
*
(sean.dolan@em-la.doe.gov, corresponding author)
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Abstract

The connection between people in the prehispanic U.S. Southwest / Northwest Mexico (SW/NW) and Mesoamerica is one of the most debated research topics in American archaeology. SW/NW groups used objects from Mesoamerica, but did they also trade for obsidian? Archaeologists have yet to find Mesoamerican obsidian from confirmed prehispanic SW/NW contexts, but here we discuss four green obsidian prismatic blades from New Mexico and Arizona. Using EDXRF spectrometry, we demonstrate that the blades are from the Pachuca source in Mesoamerica. The blades were found at four sites that the Spanish and their Mexican Indian allies used or potentially visited beginning in AD 1540. Using lithic technological organization and historical narratives, we assess the credibility of the different hypothesized models of prehispanic SW/NW-Mesoamerican interaction and obsidian use by the Mexican Indian allies. We suggest that green Pachuca blades would have been traded into the SW/NW if interaction with Mesoamerica had occurred more frequently. We also offer reasons why archaeologists have found so few Mesoamerican obsidian blades at post-1540 sites. This research is relevant because it expands our knowledge about SW/NW-Mesoamerican connections and the Mexican Indian allies of the Spanish, who are an underrepresented group in the archaeological and historical records.

La conexión entre las personas en el suroeste de los Estados Unidos prehispánico/noroeste de México (SW/NW) y Mesoamérica es uno de los temas de investigación más debatidos en la arqueología estadounidense. Los grupos SW/NW usaron objetos de Mesoamérica, pero ¿también comerciaron por obsidiana? Los arqueólogos aún tienen que encontrar obsidiana mesoamericana de contextos prehispánicos confirmados SW/NW, pero aquí discutimos cuatro hojas prismáticas de obsidiana verde de Nuevo México y Arizona. Usando espectrometría EDXRF, demostramos que las palas son de la fuente Pachuca en Mesoamérica. Las hojas fueron encontradas en cuatro sitios que los españoles y sus aliados indios mexicanos usaron o potencialmente visitaron a partir de del año 1540. Usando organización tecnológica lítica y narrativas históricas, evaluamos la credibilidad de los diferentes modelos hipotetizados de interacción prehispánica SW/NW-Mesoamericana y obsidiana. uso por los aliados indios mexicanos. Sugerimos que las hojas verdes de Pachuca se habrían intercambiado con el SW/NW si la interacción con Mesoamérica hubiera ocurrido con mayor frecuencia. También ofrecemos razones por las que los arqueólogos han encontrado tan pocas hojas de obsidiana mesoamericana en sitios posteriores a 1540. Esta investigación es relevante ya que amplía nuestro conocimiento sobre las conexiones SW/NW-Mesoamérica y los aliados indios mexicanos de los españoles, que son un grupo subrepresentado en los registros arqueológicos e históricos.

Keywords

U.S. SouthwestMesoamericaobsidianXRF spectrometryCoronadolithic technologySuroeste de los Estados UnidosMesoamericaobsidianaespectrometría XRFCoronadotecnología lítica
Type
Article
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 86 , Issue 4 , October 2021 , pp. 773 - 793
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Society for American Archaeology

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