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Poland and the Crimea Conference

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 April 2017

Herbert Wright
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Editorial Comment
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American Journal of International Law , Volume 39 , Issue 2 , April 1945 , pp. 300 - 308
Copyright
Copyright © American Society of International Law 1945

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References

1 U. S. Foreign Relations,1918, Supp., Vol. I, Washington, 1933, p. 16.

2 Sophia Saucerman, International Transfers of Territory in Europe,U. S. Dept. of State Pub. No. 1003, Washington, 1937, p. 176.

3 Articles 27 (7), 28, 87, 88, 91-93 and 98. See Lawrence Martin's introduction to Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, The Treaties of Paris,1919-1923, New York, 1924, Vol. I, pp. lii and xi, note 1.

4 Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, work cited, p. 62; this Journal, Supplement, Vol. 13 (1919), pp. 194-195.

5 C. F. Redmond (ed.), Treaties,etc., Vol. Ill, Washington, 1923, p. 3715; this Journal, Supplement, Vol. 13 (1919), p. 423.

6 U. S. Foreign Relations, The Paris Peace Conference, 1919,Vol. IV, Washington, 1943, p. 625.

7 Work cited, p. 838.

8 French text in British and Foreign State Papers,Vol. 112, 1919, pp. 971-972; English translation in Ann Su Cardwell, Poland and Russia: The Last Quarter Century,New York, 1944, p. 10. See also Martin, work cited, p. lii. This answers Mr. Churchill's argument that the Curzon Line was the definitive boundary. Cong. Rec.,79th Cong., 1st Sess., Vol. 91, No. 39, March 1, 1945, p. A992, col. 3. It also answers Mr. Roosevelt's argument that it represents a “fair boundary.” Cong. Rec,as cited, p. 1655, col. 3.

9 Cardwell, work cited, p. 12.

10 Martin, work cited, p. lviii, who declares that the so-called “Republic of Western Ukraine” still maintained that Eastern Galicia was an independent country under Ruthenian administration and temporarily occupied by Poland. The Poles, however, treated it as a part of Poland. Eastern Galicia was also claimed by the U.S.S.R. See Tchicherin's telegram to the Permanent Court of International Justice in the Eastern Carelia case, Permanent Court of International Justice, Publications,Ser. B, No. 5, Leyden, 1923, p. 14; Hudson, Manley O. (ed.), World Court Reports, Vol. I, Washington, 1934, p. 197.Google Scholar

11 3 League of Nations Treaty Series,pp. 122-137.

12 4 League of Nations Treaty Series,p. 141.

13 Great Soviet Encyclopaedia,Vol. 46, 1940, p. 247, cited by Cardwell, work cited, p. 13. The Soviet-Polish Treaty of Non-aggression of July 25, 1932, recognizes that the Treaty of Riga “remains the basis of their mutual relations and obligations.” This Journal, Vol. 27 (1933), Supplement, p. 188. This answers Mr. Churchill's argument that Russia was imposed upon in 1923. Cong. Rec,as cited, p. A992, col. 3.

14 The Washington Post,Jan. 11, 1922, p. 5; he Temps,Jan. 13, 1922, p. 2.

15 League of Nations, Monthly Summary,March 1923, p. 60; L'Europe Nouvelle,April 7, 1923, p. 443; Le Temps,March 22, 1923. For a bibliography of documentation of the Polish-Lithuanian controversy, see Malbone W. Graham, New Governments of Eastern Europe,New York, 1927, p. 382, note 8.

16 Current History,Vol. 18, May 1923, p. 348; Cardwell, work cited, p. 18.

17 Saucerman, work cited, p. 176, and Plate A.

18 Text in this Journal, Vol. 35 (1941), Supplement, pp. 36-37.

19 Text of treaty, declaration and accompanying documents in The New York Times,Sept. 29, 1939, pp. 1 and 4; The Times,London, Sept. 30, 1939, p. 5.

20 Text of Hitler's proclamation, Von Ribbentrop's statement and Molotoff's statement, in The New York Times,June 23, 1941, pp. 4, 6 and 10.

21 Text in Cardwell, work cited, p. 115.

22 Department of State Bulletin,Vol. VI, No. 132, Jan. 3, 1942, pp. 3-4; War Documents,U. S. Dept. of State Pub. No. 2162, Washington, 1944, p. 2; this Journal, Vol. 35 (1941), Supplement, pp. 191-192.

23 Department of Slate Bulletin,Vol. IX, No. 229, Nov. 13, 1943, p. 317; War Documents,p. 25; this Journal, Vol. 38 (1944), Supplement, p. 39.

24 Department of State Bulletin,Vol. XII, No. 295, Feb. 18, 1945, pp. 215-216j Crimean Conference,Sen. Doc. No. 8, 79th Cong., 1st Sess., Washington, 1945, p. 5. The text given here is that printed in the Bulletin,with the extension of the abbreviations of the names of countries; the text in the Senate Document varies in many respects, chiefly in punctuation and capitalization.

25 Text in The New York Times,Oct. 6, 1939, p. 9; The Times,London, Oct. 6, 1939, p. 7; Department of State Bulletin,Vol. I, No. 20, Nov. 11, 1939, pp. 542-543.

26 World Almanac and Book of Facts for 1944,P- 744.

27 Lithuania likewise signed a 15-year Pact of Mutual Assistance with the U.S.S.R. on Oct. 10, 1938. Text in The New York Times,Oct. 11, 1939, p. 6; The Times,London, Oct. 12,1939, p. 7. Yet parliamentary elections shortly afterwards resulted in 99.1 per cent vote for the Working People's Bloc, although the population is 80½ per cent Catholic, 9½ per cent Protestant and Calvinist, 7¼per cent Jews and 2½per cent Greek Orthodox. The new parliament asked to be incorporated in the U.S.S.R., which acceded to the request on August 3, 1940. Estonia signed a 10-year Pact of Mutual Assistance with the U.S.S.R. on Sept. 28, 1939. Text in The New York Times,Sept. 29, 1939, p. 8; The Times,London, Sept. 30, 1939, p. 5; Department of State Bulletin,Vol. I, No. 20, Nov. 11, 1939, pp. 543-544. Yet parliamentary elections shortly afterwards resulted in 92.9 Communist vote, although the population is 78½ per cent Lutheran and 19 per cent Greek Orthodox. The new parliament asked to be incorporated in the U.S.S.R., which acceded to the request on August 6, 1940.

28 Mr. Churchill makes much of the fact that at Yalta “It was made clear that all such minor alterations would be at the expense of Russia,” and not, as Stalin had suggested in Moscow as far back as October 1943, “in either direction.” Cong. Rec,as cited, p. A991, col. 1.

29 Mr. Churchill filled this in by specifying “the great city of Danzig and the greater part of East Prussia west of Koenigsberg and south, and a big wide sea front on the Baltic.” Work cited, p. A993, col. 2. Mr. Roosevelt filled it in by saying extemporaneously: “East Prussia—most of it—will go to Poland. A corner of it will go to Russia; also—what shall I call it—the anomaly of the Free State of Danzig—I think Danzig would be a lot better if it were Polish.” Work, cited, p. 1655, col. 2.

30 Complete text of his address printed by Rep. John E. Rankin, in Cong. Rec,79th Cong., 1st Sess., March 1, 1945, pp. A990-A996.

31 Complete text in Cong. Rec,79th Cong., 1st Sess., March 1, 1945, pp. 1652-1656; without interpolations, Department of State Bulletin,Vol. XII, No. 297, March 4, 1945, pp. 321- 326 and 361.

32 Atlantic Charter: War Documents,U. S. Dept. of State Pub. No. 2162, Washington, 1944, p. 1; Department of State Bulletin,Vol. V, No. 112 (Aug. 16, 1941), pp. 125-126; this Journal, Vol. 35 (1941), Supplement, pp. 191-192. United Nations Declaration: War Documents,pp. 2-3; Department of State Bulletin,Vol. VI, No. 132 (Jan. 3, 1942), pp. 3-4; this Journal, 36 (1942), Supplement, pp. 191-192.

33 Letter to the Editor, The Evening Star,Washington, Feb. 29, 1945.

34 Dumbarton Oaks Documents on International Organization,U. S. Dept. of State Pub. No. 2192.

35 Department of State Bulletin,Vol. IX, No. 230 (Nov. 20, 1943), p. 368.

36 Reston, James B., “Poles in London Ask Oaks Revision,” The New York Times,Feb. 11, 1945, p. 23.Google Scholar

37 Department of State Bulletin,Vol. XII, No. 298 (March 11, 1945), p. 395. Washington Times-Herald,March 5, 1945, p. 2.

38 Department of State Bulletin,Vol. XI, No. 287, Dec. 24, 1944, p. 836.