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Italian War and Neutrality Legislation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 April 2017

H. Arthur Steiner
H. Arthur Steiner*
Affiliation:
University of California at Los Angeles
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Type
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Information
American Journal of International Law , Volume 33 , Issue 1 , January 1939 , pp. 151 - 157
Copyright
Copyright © The American Society of International Law 1939

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References

1 Law, May 2, 1938, No. 735. Gazzetta ufficiale, June 15, 1938, No. 135.

2 Royal decree, July 8,1938, No. 1415. Gazzetta ufficiale, supplemento ordinario, Sept. 15, 1938, No. 211.

3 Nov. 28, 1869, No. 5378 (Military P. C.); Nov. 28,1869, No. 5366 (Naval P. C). Both have been frequently amended, and new military and naval penal codes are now in course of preparation.

4 Law, June 8, 1925, No. 969 (organization of the nation for war); Law, Dec. 14, 1931, No. 1699 (war regulations).

5 The law reflects the present tendency to regard the Duce as a constitutional Minister. Not only are royal decrees issued on his proposal as Duce, but supplementary regulations may be issued in the form of “decrees of the Duce.”

6 References to articles are to Annex A of the royal decree, July 8, 1938, cited above.

7 General Douheťs theory, first expounded in his II dominio dell’aria: saggio sull’arte delia guerra aerea, con una appendice contenente nozioni elementari di aeronautica (Rome, 1921), was further elaborated in two subsequent volumes: La difesa nazionale (Milan, 1924)Google Scholar, and Probabili aspetti della guerra futura (Palermo, 1928)Google Scholar. A recent one-volume collection of his writings has been edited by Canevari, E.: La guerra integrale (Rome, 1936 Google Scholar).

8 “I quattro compiti delle ali armate,” Rivista aeronautica, November, 1937, p. 241.

9 “Le popolazioni civili nella guerra totale,” ibid., May, 1938, pp. 272-282.

10 “Regolamento giuridico del bombardamento aereo,” ibid., September, 1938, pp. 503-512. See also F. Molfese, “La regolamentazione giuridica deü’ offesa aerea sui non combattenti e Utteoria di Douhet,” ibid., October, 1938, pp. 47-68.

11 Bollettino parlamentare, XII (April, 1938), pp. 18-24, for a text which has been liberally reprinted elsewhere.

12 Art. 9, royal decree, July 8, 1938, cited above.

13 See Padelford, Norman J., “The New Scandinavian Neutrality Rules,” this Journal, Vol. 32 (October, 1938), pp. 789–793 Google Scholar, and texts, ibid., Supplement, pp. 141-163.

14 References to articles are to Annex B of the royal decree, July 8, 1938.

15 It is a matter of record that the Italian Government, by decree, prohibited the enrollment of Italian “volunteers” for service in the Spanish civil war: Koyal decree-law, Feb. 15, 1937, No. 102, Gazzetta ufficiale, Feb. 20, 1937, No. 43; and Ministerial decree, Feb. 19, 1937, ibid.

16 No fully adequate domestic legislation existed when Italy declared neutrality on Aug. 3, 1914 (Gazzetta ufficiale, Aug. 4,1914, No. 185), although some aspects of maritime neutrality had been anticipated by the Mercantile Marine Code of Oct. 24, 1877.