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United Nations: Reports of the International Law Commission*
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 28 March 2017
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U.N. General Assembly, 21st Sess., Official Records, Supp. No. 9 (A/6309/Rev.1). It has been necessary to omit the Annex, consisting of comments by governments on Parts I, II and III of the Draft Articles on the Law of Treaties drawn up by the Commission at its 14th, 15th and 16th sessions, and the Appendix table of references to numbers allocated to articles, sections and parts of the draft articles on the law of treaties since 1962.
References
1 Official Records of the General Assembly, Nineteenth Session, Supplement No. 9 (A/5809), Chapter IV, pars. 36-38; Hid., Twentieth Session, Supplement No. 9 (A/6009), Chapter IV, pars. 52-56, and Chapter V, par. 65.
2 Official Records of the General Assembly, Twentieth Session, Supplement No. 9 (A/6009), Chapter IV, par. 55.
3 822nd to 843rd meetings.
4 Official Records of the General Assembly, Eighteenth Session, Supplement No. 9 (A/5509), Chapter II.
5 Official Records of the General Assembly, Twentieth Session, Supplement No. 9 (A/6009), Chapter II, pars. 27-28.
6 Ibid., Chapter IV, par. 54, and Chapter V, par. 66.
7 The subject of a report (A/CN.4/176) by Mr. Eduardo Jimenez de Arfohaga to the Commission at the first part of the Seventeenth Session.
1 Official Records of the General Assembly, Fourth Session, Supplement No. 10 (A/925), par. 16.
2 Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1950, Vol. II, p. 223.
3 Ibid., p. 196.
4 Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1951, Vol. II, pp. 1 and 70.
5 I.C.J. Reports 1951, p. 15.
6 Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1951, Vol. II, pp. 125-131.
7 Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1952, Vol. II, p. 50.
8 ST/LEG/SEE.B/3 (United Nations publication, Sales No.: 1952. V.
9 Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1953, Vol. II, p. 90, and 1954, Vol. II, p. 123.
10 Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1956, Vol. II, p. 104; 1957, Vol. II, p. 16; 1958, Vol. II, p. 20; 1959, Vol. II, p. 37; and 1960, Vol. II, p. 69. In 1957 the Secretariat published a “Handbook of Final Clauses” (ST/LEG/6). In addition, at the Eleventh Session in 1959, the Secretariat submitted a note on its practice in relation to certain questions; Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1959, Vol. II, p. 82. In the same year the Secretariat published a “Summary of the Practice of the Secretary-General as Depositary of Multilateral Agreements” (ST/LEG/7).
11 Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1959, p. 88. 12 .Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1961, Vol. II, p. 128, par. 39.
13 Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1962, Vol. II, p. 27
14 Ibid., p. 161.
15 Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1963, Vol. II, p. 36. At that session the Secretariat submitted a memorandum (A/CN.4/154) on resolutions of the General Assembly concerning the law of treaties.
16 Ibid., p. 189.
17 A/CN.4/162.
18 Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1963, Vol. I I , p. 27.
19 Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1964, Vol. I I , p. 5.
20 Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1965, Vol. I I (A/CN.4/177 and Add.1-2).
21 Ibid., Vol. I, 791st meeting, par. 61, and 801st meeting, pars. 17-20.
22 A/CN.4/183 and Add.1-4
23 A/CN.4/186 and Add.1-7.
24 Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1961, Vol. II, p. 128, par. 39.
25 Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1962, Vol. I I , p . 160, par. 17.
26 Official Records of the General Assembly, Twentieth Session, Supplement No. 9 (A/6009), Chapter II par. 16.
27 Ibid., par. 18.
28 Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1963, Vol. I I , p . 189, par. 14.
29 Ibid
30 Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1964, Vol. II, pp. 175-6, par. 18.
31 Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1964, Vol. II, p. 176, par. 21.
33 Ibid., par. 22.
34 See, e.g., Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1956, Vol. II, pp. 255- 256, pars. 25-26, and 1961, Vol. II, p. 91, par. 32.
35 Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1961, Vol. II , p. 92, par. 3
36 1965 draft, Article 0.
37 See first report by Sir H. Lauterpacht, Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1953, Vol. II, pp. 101-6.
38 See on this subject the commentaries to Sir G. Fitzmaurice's second report. (Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1957, Vol. II, p. 16, pars. 115, 120, 125-128 and 165-168); and his third report (Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1958, Vol. II, p. 20, pars. 90-93).
39 See the list given in Sir H. Lauterpacht's first report (Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1953, Vol. II, p. 101), paragraph 1 of the commentary to his Article 2. Article 1 of the General Assembly regulation concerning registration speaks .every treaty or international agreement, whatever its form and descriptive name.“
40 1962 and 1965 drafts, Article 2.
41 1963 draft, Article 48; 1965 draft, Article 3 (bis).
42 1962 and 1965 drafts, Article 3.
43 1962 and 1965 drafts, Article 4.
44 P.C.I.J. (1933), Series A/B, No. 53, at page 71.
45 1963 draft, Article 32, paragraph 1.
46 Haokworth's Digest of International Law, “Vol. IV, p. 467.
47 1962 and 1965 drafts, Article 6.
48 1962 and 1965 drafts, Article 7.
49 See Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1950, Vol. II, pp. 233-234.
50 1962 draft, Articles 10 and 11, and 1965 draft, Article 11.
51 Article 10, paragraph 3, of that draft.
52 1962 draft, Articles 12 and 14, and 1965 draft, Article 12.
53 See the Reports of Sir H. Lauterpacht, Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1953, Vol. II, p. 112; and ibid., 1954, Vol. II, p. 127; and the First Report of Sir G. Fitzmaurice, Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1956, Vol. II, p. 123.
54 For examples, see Handbook of Final Clauses (ST/LEG/6), pp. 6-17.
55 The Handbook of Final Clauses (ST/LEG/6), p. 183, even gives an example of the formula “signature subject to approval followed by acceptance.“
56 1962 draft, Article 13.
57 See Sir Gerald Fitzmaurice's first report on the law of treaties, Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1956, Vol. II, pp. 125-6; and Professor Brierly's
58 second report, Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1951, Vol. II, p. 73. 58 See Sir H. Lauterpacht, Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1953, Vol. II, p. 120,
59 Official Journal of the League of Nations, Eighth Ordinary Session, Plenary Meetings, p. 141.
60 Summary of the Practice of the Secretary-General as Depositary of Multilateral Agreements (ST/LEG/7), par. 48.
61 Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1963, Vol. II, p. 217.
62 Fourth Report of the Special Rapporteur (A/CN.4/177), Commentary to Article 8; Answers of the Secretariat to questions posed by a member of the Commission concerning the practice of the Secretary-General as registering authority and as depositary and the practice of states as depositaries (Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1965, Vol. 1, 791st meeting, par. 61 and 801st meeting, pars. 17-20).
63 A/5746, Chapter VI, and A/6230, Chapter V.
64 Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1965, Vol. I, pp. 113-142.
65 Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1962, Vol. II, pp. 168-9.
66 1962 draft, Articles 15 and 16, and 1965 draft, Article 15.
67 I.C.J. Reports 1956, p. 170.
68 1962 draft, Article 15, paragraphs 1 (6) and (o) and 1965 draft, Article 16.
69 1962 and 1965 drafts, Article 17.
70 P.C.I.J. (1926), Series A, No. 7, p. 30.
71 1962 and 1965 drafts, Article 18.
72 1962 draft, Articles 19 and 20, and 1965 draft, Article 19.
73 Notably in 1951 in connexion with reservations to the Genocide Convention and in 1959 concerning the Indian “reservation” to the I.M.C.O. Convention.
74 Reservations to the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, I.C.J. Reports 1951, p. 15.
75 Ibid., p. 24.
76 Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixth Session, Supplement No. 9 (A/1858), par. 16.
77 Ibid., pars. 12-34.
78 Summary of the Practice of the Secretary-General as Depositary of Multilateral Agreements (ST/LEG/7), par. 80.
79 Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixth Session, Supplement No. 9 (A/1858), par. 22.
79a The Commission also had before it a report from the Secretary-General on Depositary Practice in Relation to Reservations (A/5687).
80 Official Records of the General Assembly, Fourteenth Session, Annexes, agenda item 65, Document A/4235.
81 E.g., International Convention to Facilitate the Importation of Commercial Samples and Advertising Material, 1952 (90 days); and International Convention for the Suppression of Counterfeiting Currency, 1929 (6 months).
82 E.g., Conventions on the Declaration of Death of Missing Persons, 1950, and on the Nationality of Married Women, 1957 (both 90 days).
83 Final Act of the Fourth Meeting of the Inter-American Council of Jurists, p. 29; A/CN.4/124, Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1960, Vol. I I , p. 133.
84 1962 draft, Articles 18 and 19, and 1965 draft, Article 20.
85 1962 and 1965 drafts, Article 21.
86 1962 and 1965 drafts, Article 22.
87 1962 and 1965 drafts, Article 23.
88 E.g., in the Geneva Conventions on the Law of the Sea and the Vienna Conventions on Diplomatic and Consular Relations.
89 1962 and 1965 drafts, Article 24.
90 1964 draft, Article 55.
91 I.C.J. Reports 1952, p. 212.
92 E.g., Treatment of Polish Nationals and Other Persons of Polish Origin or Speech in the Danzig Territory, P.C.I.J. (1932), Series A/B, No. 44, p. 28; Minority Schools in Albania, P.C.I.J. (1935), Series A/B, No. 64, pp. 19-20.
93 (1910) Reports of International Arbitral Awards, Vol. XI, p. 188. The Tribunal also referred expressly to “the principle of international law that treaty obligations are to be executed in perfect good faith.''
94 1964 draft, Article 56. »
95 I.C.J. Reportas1952, p . 40.
96 P.C.I.J. (1924), Series A, No. 2, p. 34.
97 Ibid., p. 35; of. the Phosphates in Morocco case, P.C.I.J. (1938), Series A/B, No. 74, p. 24. The application of the different forms of clause limiting ratione temporis the ; acceptance of the jurisdiction of international tribunals has not been free from difficulty, ; and the case law of the Permanent Court of International Justice and the International | Court of Justice now contains a quite extensive jurisprudence on the matter. Important 1 though this jurisprudence is in regard to the Court's jurisdiction, it concerns the application of particular treaty clauses, and the Commission does not consider that it calls for I detailed examination in the context of the general law of treaties.
98 See Yearbook of the European Convention of Human Eights, (1955-7) pp. 153-9; ibid. (1958-9) pp. 214, 376, 382, 407, 412, 492-4; ibid. (1960) pp. 222, 280, 444; and ibid. (1961) pp. 128, 132-45, 240, 325.
99 Case of De Becker, see Yearbook of the European Convention of Human Eights, (1958-9), pp. 230-5; Application No. 655/59; Yearbook of the European Convention of Human Eights (1960), p. 284.
100 1964 draft, Article 57.
101 League of Nations, Treaty Series, Vol. II, p. 8.
102 United Nations, Treaty Series, Vol. 402, p. 71.
103 E.g., Agreement between the Government of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the USSB on Relations in the Scientific, Technological, Educational and Social Fields 1963-5 (United Kingdom Treaty Series No. 42 of 1963) ; the Convention of 1961 between Austria and Great Britain for the Reciprocal ^Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments defines the United Kingdom as comprising England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland (United Kingdom Treaty Series No. 70 of 1962).
104 Summary of the Practice of the Secretary-General as Depositary of Multilateral Agreements (ST/LEG/7), pars. 102-3; Succession of States in relation to General Multilateral Treaties of which the Secretary-General is Depositary (A/CN.4/150), pars. 73-4 and 138 (Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1962, Vol. II , pp. 115, 123).
105 1964 draft, Article 63. 106 United Nations Conference on Consular Relations, Official Records, Vol. II, p. 187.
107 See e.g. Article 16 of the Statute of 1921 on the Regime of Navigable Waterways of International Concern (League of Nations, Treaty Series, Vol. VII, p. 61); and Article 4 of the Pan-American Treaty of 1936 on Good Offices and Mediation (League of Nations, Treaty Series, Vol. CLXXXVIII, p. 82).
108 E.g., Article 10 of the Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance (United Nations, Treaty Series, Vol. 21, p. 101).
109 United Nations, Treaty Series, Vol. 216, p. 148.
110 United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea, Official Records, Vol. I I , p. 138.
111 American Journal of International Law, “Vol. 57 (1963), p. 275.
112 Article 1 of all the United Nations protocols amending League of Nations treaties declares: “The Parties to the present Protocol undertake that as between themselves they will, in accordance with the provisions of the present Protocol, attribute full legal force and effect to, and duly apply, the amendments to this instrument as they are set forth in the annex to the present Protocol.'’ See, for example, Protocol of 1948 amending the International Convention of 1928 relating to Economic Statistics (United Nations, Treaty Series, Vol. 20, p. 229); Protocol of 1953 amending the Geneva Slavery Convention of 1926 (United Nations, Treaty Series, Vol. 182, p. 51). Cf. also Article 59 of the Geneva Convention 1949 for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field (United Nations, Treaty Series, Vol. 75, p. 66).
113 Articles 13 and 18, League of Nations, Treaty Series, Vol. VII, p. 36.
114 League of Nations, Treaty Series, Vol. XXXVIII, p. 281: “The Contracting Powers agree not to enter into any treaty, agreement, arrangement, or understanding, either with one another, or, individually or collectively, with any Power or Powers which would infringe or impair the principles stated in article 1.“
115 League of Nations, Treaty Series, Vol. VII, pp. 36-61.
116 E.g., Article 15 of the 1883 Convention for the International Protection of Industrial Property (de Martens, Nouveau Recueil général, 2éme série, Vol. X, p. 133); Article 20 of the Berlin Convention of 1908 for the Protection of Literary Property (de Martens, Nouveau Recueil général, 3eme sfirie, VoL IV, p. 590).
117 A treaty containing “interdependent type” obligations as defined by a previous Special Rapporteur (Sir Gerald Fitzmaurice, Third Report in the Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1958, Vol. II, Article 19 and commentary) is one where the obligations of each party are only meaningful in the context of the corresponding obligations of every other party, so that the violation of its obligations by one party prejudices the treaty régime applicable between them all and not merely the relations between the defaulting state and the other parties. Examples given by him were treaties of disarmament, treaties prohibiting the use of particular weapons, treaties requiring abstention from fishing in certain areas or during certain seasons, etc. A treaty containing “integral type” obligations was defined by the same Special Rapporteur as one where “the force of the obligation is self-existent, absolute and inherent for each party and not dependent on a corresponding performance by the others.“ The examples given by him were the Genocide Convention, Human Bights Conventions, the Geneva Conventions of 1949 on prisoners of war, etc., International Labour Conventions and treaties imposing an obligation to maintain a certain regime or system in a given area, such as the regime of the Sounds and the Belts at the entrance to the Baltic Sea.
118 See Resolutions of the General Assembly concerning the Law of Treaties (Document A/CN.4/154, Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1963, Vol. II, pp. 5-9), pp. 19-29.
119 Commentary to Article 14 of that report, paragraphs 6-30; Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1963, Vol. II, pp. 54-61.
120 Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1964, Vol. II, pp. 189-191.
121 1964 draft, Article 69.
122 1964 draft, Article 71.
123 1964 draft, Article 70.
124 Annuaire de l'lnstitut de Droit international, Vol. 46 (1950), p. 359.
125 I.C.J. Reports 1949, p. 24.
126 P.C.I. J. (1929), Series A, No. 22, p. 13; cf. Acquisition of Polish Nationality, P.C.I.J. (1923), Series B, No. 7, pp. 16-17, and Exchange of Greek and Turkish Populations, P.C.I.J. (1925), Series B, No. 10, p. 25.
127 I.C.J. Reports 1950, p. 229.
128 Annuaire de l'Institut de Droit international, Vol. 44, Tome 1 (1952), p. 199.
129 E.g., in the United States Nationals in Morocco case, I.C.J. Reports 1952, pp. 196 and 199.
130 I.C.J. Reports 1950, p. 8.
131 Competence of the I.L.O. to Regulate Agricultural Labour, P.C.I.J. (1922), Series B, Nos. 2 and 3, p. 23.
132 United States Nationals in Morocco case, I.C.J. Reports 1952, pp. 183-4 and pp. 197-8.
133 Ambatielos ease (Preliminary Objection), I.C.J. Reports 1952, pp. 43 and 75.
134 Cf. the Conditions of Admission of a State to Membership in the United Nations (Article 4 of the Charter) case, I.C.J. Reports 1948, p. 63.
135 (Preliminary Objection), I.C.J. Reports 1952, p. 44.
136 In the Russian Indemnity case the Permanent Court of Arbitration said: “ … I'execution des engagements est, entre Etats, comme entre partiouliers, le plus stir commentaire du sens de ces engagements.” Reports of International Arbitral Awards, Vol. XI, p. 433 (”… the fulfilment of engagements between States, as between individuals, is the surest commentary on the effectiveness of those engagements.“ English translation from J. B. Scott, The Hague Court Reports (1916), p. 302).
137 P.C.I.J. (1922), Series B, No. 2, p. 39; see also Interpretation of Article 3, paragraph 2, of the Treaty of Lausanne, P.C.I.J. (1925), Series B, No. 12, p. 24; the Brazilian Loans case, P.C.I.J. (1929), Series A. No. 21, p. 119.
138 Ibid., pp. 40-41.
139 I.C.J. Reports 1949, p. 25.
140 Paragraph (11) of the Commentary to Articles 69-71; Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1964, Vol. II, pp. 202-203.
141 P.C.I.J. (1933), Series A/B, No. 53, p. 49. I
142 I.C.J. Reports 1948, p. 63.
143 P.C.I.J. (1932), Series A/B, No. 50, p. 380; of. the Serbian and Brazilian Loans cases, P.C.I.J. (1929), Series A, Nos. 20-21, p. 30.
144 E.g., Polish Postal Service in Danzig, P.C.I.J. (1925), Series B, No. 11, p. 39; Competence of the General Assembly for the Admission of a State to the United Nations, I.C.J. Reports 1950, p.
145 P.C.I.J. (1929), Series A, No. 23.
146 1964 draft, Articles 72 and 73.
147 E.g., the Italian text of the Treaty of Peace with Italy is ‘ ‘ official,'’ but not “authentic,” since Article 90 designates only the French, English and Russian texts as authentic.
148 See the Peace Treaties with Italy (Article 90), Bulgaria (Article 38), Hungary (Article 42), Romania (Article 40) and Finland (Article 36).
149 Eg., Treaty of Brest-Litovsk of 1918 (Article 10).
150 United Nations, Treaty Series, Vol. 325, p. 300.
151 P.C.I.J. (1924), Series A, No. 3.
152 E.g., De Paoli v. Bulgarian State, Tribunaux arbitraux mixtes, Recueil des decisions, Vol. 6, p. 456.
153 Annual Digest of International Law Cases, 1929-1930, case No. 235.
154 The treaty actually said ‘’ official,'’ but it seems clear that in this instance by “official” was meant “authentic“; Hertslet, The Map of Africa by Treaty (3rd ed.), Vol. 2, pp. 42-47; cf. the Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules concerning Collisions in Inland Navigation, Hudson, International Legislation, “Vol. 5, pp. 819-822.
155 P.C.I.J. (1924), Series A, No. 2, p. 19.
156 Cf. Venezuelan Bond cases, Moore, International Arbitrations, Vol. 4, p. 3623; and German Reparations under Article 260 of the Treaty of Versailles (1924), Reports of International Arbitral Awards, Vol. I, pp. 437-9.
157 1964 draft, Article 58.
158 (1928), Reports of International Arbitral Awards, Vol. II, p. 831.
159 Ibid., p. 850
160 Ibid., p. 842.
161 Ibid. p. 870.
162 P.C.I.J. (1932), Series A/B, No. 46, p. 141; and ibid. (1929), Series A, No. 22, p. 17.
163 P.C.I.J. (1929), Series A, No. 23, pp. 19-22.
164 Ibid. (1923), Series B, No. 5, pp. 27-8; of. the somewhat special case of the Aerial Incident of 27 July 1955, I.C.J. Reports 1959, p. 138.
165 Reports of International Arbitral Awards, Vol. II, p. 1105.
166 lbid., Vol. I l l , p. 1405.
167 English translation from Annual Digest and Reports of International Law Cases, 1933-1934, case No. 39, at page 92. 168 1964 draft, Article 59.
169 P.C.I.J. (1929), Series A, No. 22, pp. 17-18; H>id. (1932), Series A/B, No. 46, at p. 141.
170 The text of the relevant part of this note was annexed to Article 435 of the Treaty of Versailles.
171 1964 draft, Article 60.
172 Article 109 of the Treaty of Versailles.
173 Articles 358 and 374 of the Treaty of Versailles.
174 See the South-West Africa cases, I.O.J. Reports 1962, pp. 329-31 and p. 410; the Northern Cameroons case, I.C.J. Reports 1963, p. 29.
175 P.C.I.J. (1932), Series A/B, No. 46, p. 147.
176 E.g., Sir G. Fitzmaurice, Fifth Report on the Law of Treaties, Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1960, Vol. II, pp. 81 and 102-4.
177 League of Nations, Official Journal, Special Supplement No. 3 (October 1920), p. 18.
178 P.C.I.J. (1932), Series A/B, No. 46, pp. 147-8; in the course of that ease, however, three judges expressly dissented from the view that a stipulation in favour of a state not a party to the treaty may of itself confer an actual right upon that state.
179 For example, in the controversy between the United States Treasury and the State Department as to whether the Finnish Peace Treaty had actually vested a right in the United States to avail itself or not to avail itself of a waiver of Finland's claims.
180 1964 draft, Article 61.
181 1964 draft, Article 62.
182 Held by the International Military Tribunal at Nurnberg to enunciate rules which had become generally binding rules of customary law.
183 See generally Sir G. Fitzmaurice's Fifth Report on the Law of Treaties, Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1960, Vol. II, pp. 69-107; and Sir H. Waldoek's Third Report, A/CN.4/167, Article 63 and commentary.
184 1964 Draft, Article 65.
185 1964 draft, Article 66.
186 ST/LEG/6, pp. 130-152.
187 Articles 108 and 109 of the Charter; see also Handbook of Final Clauses (ST/ LEG/6), pp. 130 and 150.
188 Thus, while Chapter XVIII of the Charter is entitled “Amendments,” Article 109 speaks of “reviewing” the Charter.
189 See the Handbook of Final Clauses (ST/LEQ/6), pp. 135-148. 190 1964 draft, Article 67.
191 1964 draft, Article 68.
192 Decided at Geneva on 22 December 1963, the arbitrators being E. Ago (President), P. Reuter and H. P. de Vries. (Mimeographed text of decision of the Tribunal, pp. 104-105). [See also 60 A.J.I.L. 413 (1966).]
193 1963 draft, Article 30.
194 New article. A similar provision was included in Article 53, paragraph 4, of the 1963 draft, but was there confined to cases of termination.
195 See 842nd meeting.
196 1963 draft, Article 46.
197 E.g., the Free Zones case, Series A/B, No. 46, p. 140; the S.S. Wimbledon case, Series A, No. 1, p. 24.
198 1.C.J. Reports 1957, pp. 55-59.
199 I.C.J. Reports 1959, pp. 57, 77-78 and 116-117.
200 1963 draft, Article 47.
201 The Arbitral Award made by the King of Spain, I.C.J. Reports 1960, pp. 213-4; The Temple of Preah Vihear, I.C.J. Reports 1962, pp. 23-32.
202 See opinion of Judges Alfaro and Fitzmaurice in The Temple of Preah Vihear, I.C.J. Reports 1962, pp. 39-51, 62-5.
203 1963 draft, Article 31. 204 See United Nations Legislative Series, Laws and Practices concerning the Conclusion of Treaties (ST/LEG/SEE.B/3).
205 Article 2: “ A treaty becomes binding in relation to a state by signature, ratification, accession or any other means of expressing the will of the state, in accordance with its constitutional law and practice through an organ competent for that purpose.“ (Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1951, Vol. II, p. 73).
206 UNESCO, ‘’ Survey on the Ways in which States interpret their International Obligations,” p. 8.
207 Moore, International Arbitrations, Vol. 2, p. 1946.
208 Reports of International Arbitral Awards, Vol. V, p. 327.
209 Ibid., Vol. XI, p. 411.
210 Ibid, Vol. II, p. 724.
211 Foreign Relations of the United States, 1901, p. 262.
212 P.C.I.J., Series A/B, No. 53, pp. 56-71 and p. 91.
213 P.C.I.J., Series A/B, No. 46, p. 170.
214 1963 draft, Article 32, paragraph 2.
215 1963 draft, Article 34. 216.P.C.I.J. (1933), Series A/B, No. 53, pp. 71 and 91.
217 Ibid., p. 92.
218 I.C.J. Reports 1961, p. 30.
219 I.C.J. Reports 1962, p. 26. See also the individual opinion of Sir Gerald Fitzmaurice (Ibid., p. 57).
220 P.C.I.J., Series A, No. 11.
221 1963 draft, Article 33.
222 New article.
223 1963 draft, Article 35.
224 1963 draft, Article 36.
225 See also paragraph (6) of the Commentary on Article 50. 226 Island of Palmas arbitration, Reports of International Arbitral Awards, Vol. II, p. 845.
227 1963 draft, Article 37.
228 1963 draft, Article 38.
229 See Handbook of Final Clauses (ST/LEG/6), pp. 54-73.
230 See an observation of the United States representative at the 49th meeting of the Social Committee of the Economic and Social Council (B/AC.7/SB.49, p. 8) to which Sir Gerald Fitzmaurice drew attention.
231 1963 draft, Article 38, paragraph 3(6).
232 United Nations, Treaty Series, Vol. 193, p. 135, Art. 8.
233 Handbook of Final Clauses (ST/LEG/6), p. 58.
234 Ibid., pp. 72-73.
235 1963 draft, Article 39.
236 Sir G. Fitzmaurice, Second report on the Law of Treaties, Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1957, Vol. II, p. 22.
237 United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea, Official Records, Vol. II, pp. 19, 56 and 58.
238 1963 draft, Article 40.
239 New Article.
240 Article 40 then covered ‘’ termination or suspension of the operation of treaties by agreement.“
241 See 829th and 841st meetings.
242 1963 draft, Article 41.
243 P.C.I.J. (1939), Series A/B, No. 77, p. 92.
244 1963 draft, Article 42.
245 E.g., Ware v. Hylton (1796), 3 Dallas 261; Charlton v. Kelly, 229 U.S. 447; Lepeschkin v. Gosweiler et Cie., Journal du droit international (1924) Vol. 51, p. 1136; In re Tatarko, Annual Digest and Reports of Public International Law Cases, 1949, No. 110, p. 314
246 P.C.I.J. (1937), Series A/B, No. 70.
247 Ibid., p. 50; cf. Judge Hudson, pp. 76-7.
248 Reports of International Arbitral Awards, Vol. II, pp. 929, and 943-4.
249 President Coolidge
250 1963 draft, Article 43
251 1963 draft, Article 44.
252 P.C.I.J. (1932), Series A/B, No. 46, pp. 156-8.
253 E.g., Hooper v. United States, Hudson, Cases on International Law, Second Edition, p. 930; Lucerne v. Aargau (1888), Arrets du Tribunal F6de>al Suisse, Vol. 8, p. 57; In re Lepeschkin, Annual Digest of Public International Law Cases, 1923-4, Case No. 189; Bremen v. Prussia, ibid., 1925-6, Case No. 266; Bothschild and Sons v. Egyptian Government, ibid., 1925-6, Case No. 14; Canton of Thurgau v. Canton of St. Gallen, ibid., 1927-8, Case No. 289; Bertaco v. Bancel, ibid., 1935-7, Case No. 201; Stransky v. Zivnostenska Bank, International Law Reports, 1955, pp. 424-7.
254 Lucerne v. Aargau; Canton of Thurgau v. Canton of St. Gallen; Hooper v. United States.
255 In re Lepeschkin; Stransky v. Zivnostenska Bank.
256 Canton of Thurgau v. Canton of St. Gallen.
257 Annual Digest of Public International Law Cases, 1925-6, Case No. 266.
258 P.C.I.J., Series C, No. 2, pp. 187-188.
259 ibid., pp. 208-209.
260 Ibid., No. 16, I, p. 52.
261 Ibid., pp. 22-23; the case was ultimately settled by the conclusion of a new treaty.
262 ibid., Series A/B, No. 46.
263 ibid., Series C, No. 58, pp. 578-579, 109-146, and 405-415; see also Series C, No. 17, I, pp. 89, 250, 256, 283-284.
264 Ibid., Series C, No. 58, pp. 463-476.
265 Ibid., pp. 136-143.
266 E/CN.4/367, p. 37, see also E/CN.4/367/Add.l.
267 E.g., Article 21 of the Treaty on Limitation of Naval Armament, signed at Washington, 6 February 1922 (Hudson, International Legislation, Vol. II, p. 820); Article 26 of the Treaty for the Limitation of Naval Armament, signed at London, 25 March 1936 (ibid., Vol. VII, p. 280); and Convention regarding the regime of the Straits, signed at Montreux, 20 July 1936 (League of Nations, Treaty Series, Vol. 173, p. 229).
268 For the text of the resolution, see A-C. Kiss, Répertoire français de droit international, Vol. 5, pp. 384-385.
269 1964 draft, Article 64.
270 Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1949, p. 281.
271 Cf. Sir Gerald Fitzmaurice, Second Report on the Law of Treaties (A/CN.4/107), Article 5(iii) and paragraph 34 of the commentary, ibid., 1957, Vol. II , p. 42; and Fourth Report on the Law of Treaties (A/CN.4/120), Article 4, ibid., 1959, Vol. II, p. 54,
272 United Nations Conference on Consular Relations, Official Records, Vol. II , p. 175.
273 1963 draft, Article 45.
274 1963 draft, Article 51.
275 Report of the 1964 Special Committee (A/5746), Chapter IV; report of the 1966 Special Committee (A/6230), Chapter III.
276 1963 draft, Articles 49 and 50, paragraph 1.
277 1963 Draft, Article 50, paragraph 2.
278 1963 draft, Article 52.
279 1963 draft, Article 53.
280 Signed at Brussels on 25 May 1962.
281 Article 65; United Nations, Treaty Series, Vol. 213, p. 252.
282 New article.
283 1963 draft, Article 54.
284 New article.
285 New article.
286 1962 draft, Articles 28 and 29, paragraph 1, and 1965 draft, Article 28.
287 1962 and 1965 drafts, Article 29.
288 ST/LEG/7.
289 1965 draft, Article 29 ( 6 M ) .
290 1962 draft, Articles 26 and 27, and 1965 draft, Article 26.
291 Articles 26 and 27.
292 See Hackworth's Digest of International Law, Vol. 5, pp. 93-101, for instances in practice.
293 For an example, see Hackworth's Digest of International Law, loo. cit.
294 See pages 8-10, 12, 19-20, 39 (footnote), and Annexes 1 and 2.
295 Article 2 reads: ‘’ When a treaty or international agreement has been registered with the Secretariat, a certified statement regarding any subsequent action which effects a change in the parties thereto, or the terms, scope or application thereof, shall also be registered with the Secretariat.
296 1962 and 1965 drafts, Article 25.
297 Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1958, Vol. II , p. 89, par. 51.
298 Op. cit., 1960, Vol. II , p. 108, Document A/CN.4/129.
299 ma., pp. 179 and 180.
300 Ibid., p. 179.
301 Resolution 1504 (XV).
302 The Sub-Committee was composed of the representatives of Ecuador, Iraq, Italy, Japan, Senegal, the USSE, the United Kingdom, the United States of America and Yugoslavia.
303 Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1963, Vol. I I , p. 157, Document A/CN.4/155, pars. 44-45.
304 Ibid., p. 225, par. 64.
305 Op. tit., 1960, Vol. I, p. 260, par. 26.
306 Ibid., par. 25.
307 Op. cit., 1963, Vol. II , p. 225, par. 63.
308 Op. cit., 1964, Vol. II , p. 67, Document A/CN.4/166.
309 A/CN.4/179.
310 Document A/CN.4/189 and Add.l and 2. 311.Document A/CN.4/188 and Add.l and 2.
312 Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 1953, “Vol. II, p. 231, par. 172