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County and Township Government in 1938*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 September 2013

Clyde F. Snider
Clyde F. Snider
Affiliation:
University of Illinois
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Extract

Developments in rural local government during 1938, although including occasional innovations, consisted chiefly in the continuation and extension of trends previously discernible. Although most state legislatures were not in session, several of those which met gave an unusual amount of attention to problems of local government. Especially in evidence were efforts to place local finances upon a sound basis, but there were also noteworthy measures designed to adjust local areas to present needs and to revitalize the internal machinery of local government. In reviewing the events of the year, a topical arrangement similar to that used in previous summaries will be followed.

Type
Rural Local Government
Information
American Political Science Review , Volume 33 , Issue 6 , December 1939 , pp. 1058 - 1072
Copyright
Copyright © American Political Science Association 1939

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References

1 In this Review, Vol. 31, pp. 884–913; Vol. 32, pp. 936–956.

2 Statutes of California, 1938 (spec. sess.), ch. 7; Acts of Louisiana, 1938, no. 370; Laws of Mississippi, 1938, ch. 253; Acts of Virginia, 1938, ch. 394.

3 Data supplied by Soil Conservation Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture. See this Review, Vol. 32, p. 937; infra, “Federal-Local Relations.”

4 Acts of Louisiana, 1938, nos. 415, 416; Acts and Joint Resolutions of South Carolina, 1938, pp. 1582, 1666, 1687, 1846, 1849, 1853, 2268; Acts of Virginia, 1938, ch. 335; Kotch v. Middle Coal Field Poor District, 329 Pa. 390, 197 Atl. 334 (Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, 1938).

5 Carpenter, William S., “Deorganization in Maine,” in this Review, Vol. 32, pp. 1139–1142 (Dec., 1938)Google Scholar; Weaver, Leon, note in National Municipal Review, Vol. 28, pp. 252–253 (Mar., 1939).Google Scholar

6 Laws of Illinois, 1938 (1st spec. sess.), p. 27; Acts of Kentucky, 1938 (reg. sess.), ch. 49; Wager, Paul W., note in National Municipal Review, Vol. 27, p. 613 (Dec., 1938)Google Scholar; R. R. Renne, note in ibid., p. 614; William L. Bradshaw, note in ibid., Vol. 28, pp. 63–64 (Jan., 1939).

7 Renne, Roland R., “County Office Consolidations in Montana,” National Municipal Review, Vol. 28, pp. 143–148 (Feb., 1939).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

8 Scoville, H. F., “Los Angeles County Adopts Modified Manager Plan,” National Municipal Review, Vol. 27, pp. 461–462 (Sept., 1938)Google Scholar; Robert C. Houston, “County Manager Government in California,” ibid., Vol. 28, pp. 128–133 (Feb., 1939). See infra, “Home Rule and Optional Charters.”

9 Acts of Virginia, 1938, ch. 13; Pate, James E., notes in National Municipal Review, Vol. 27, pp. 272–273, 380–381 (May, July, 1938).Google Scholar

10 Statutes of California, 1938 (spec. sess.), p. 121; Houston, Robert C., “County Manager Government in California,” National Municipal Review, Vol. 28, pp. 128–133 (Feb., 1939).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

11 See Olmsted, H. M., note in National Municipal Review, Vol. 27, p. 458 (Sept., 1938)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Paul W. Wager, notes in ibid., pp. 462, 512 (Sept., Oct., 1938).

12 Olmsted, H. M., notes in National Municipal Review, Vol. 27, pp. 225–226, 267–268 (Apr., May, 1938)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Nolting, Orin F., “Council-Manager Government,” Municipal Year Book, 1939, pp. 114–120.Google Scholar

13 Laws of New York, 1938, ch. 699; Olmsted, H. M., note in National Municipal Review, Vol. 27, p. 267 (May, 1938).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

14 Olmsted, H. M., note in National Municipal Review, Vol. 27, pp. 225–226 (Apr., 1938).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

15 Belsley, G. Lyle, “The Advance of the Merit System,” State Government, Vol. 12, pp. 7–8, 18–19 (Jan., 1939).Google Scholar

16 Note in Public Management, Vol. 20, p. 53 (Feb., 1938). New York counties generally are served by the state civil service commission.

17 Acts of Kentucky, 1938, ch. 37.

18 Detmers, Sidney, “Erie County Adopts New Salary and Position Plan,” National Municipal Review, Vol. 28, pp. 156–158 (Feb., 1939)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Belsley, G. Lyle, “Personnel Administration,” Municipal Year Book, 1939, pp. 10–16.Google Scholar

19 Page's Ohio General Code (cumulative pocket supplement to June 1, 1939), secs. 486–32—486–71.

20 Laws of New York, 1938, chs. 314, 481.

21 Abbott, Lyndon E., “Tennessee Counties Distribute Electric Power,” National Municipal Review, Vol. 28, pp. 169–170 (Feb., 1939).Google Scholar

22 Laws of Mississippi, 1938 (reg. sess.), ch. 338; Acts of Virginia, 1938, ch. 310.

23 Letter to the writer from Leon H. Keyserling, United States Housing Authority, Washington, July 26, 1939.

24 Merrill, Julia Wright, “Public Libraries,” Municipal Year Book, 1939, pp. 103–106.Google Scholar

25 Acts and Resolutions of Georgia, 1937–38 (spec. sess.), pp. 103, 353; Acts of Louisiana, 1938, no. 143; Acts and Resolves of Massachusetts, 1938, chs. 134, 184; Laws of New York, 1938, chs. 381, 480; Acts of Virginia, 1938, ch. 129.

26 Acts and Resolutions of Georgia, 1937–38 (spec. sess.), pp. 28, 39; letter to the writer from John B. Wilson, secretary of state, State of Georgia, Atlanta, July 31, 1939.

27 Acts of Virginia, 1938, chs. 193, 415.

28 Acts and Resolutions of Georgia, 1937–38 (spec. sess.), pp. 414, 767, 790, 819, 823. See this Review, Vol. 32, p. 946.

29 See Walker, Herman Jr., “Recent Progress in the Enactment of Rural Zoning Enabling Legislation,” Journal of Land and Public Utility Economics, Vol. 14, pp. 333–339 (Aug., 1938).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

30 Letter to the writer from J. M. Albers, Wisconsin State Planning Board, Madison, Aug. 1, 1939.

31 Wager, Paul W., note in National Municipal Review, Vol. 27, p. 552 (Nov., 1938).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

32 Note in Public Management, Vol. 21, p. 58 (Feb., 1939).

33 Report of the State Bureau of Local Health Administration, Indiana Year Book, 1938, p. 715.Google Scholar These five districts serve 22 of the state's 92 counties. See this Review, Vol. 32, p. 947.

34 Note in Public Management, Vol. 20, p. 90 (Mar., 1938).

35 Laws of New York, 1938, ch. 660.

36 Note in Public Management, Vol. 20, p. 90 (Mar., 1938); Sam C. Caldwell, note in ibid., p. 85 (Mar., 1938); Wager, Paul W., note in National Municipal Review, Vol. 28, p. 253 (Mar., 1939).Google Scholar

37 Laws of Illinois, 1938 (1st spec. sess.), p. 18; Laws of Mississippi, 1938 (reg. sess.), ch. 299.

38 Laws of Mississippi, 1938 (reg. sess.), ch. 289; Merrill, Julia Wright, “Public Libraries,” Municipal Year Book, 1939, pp. 103–106.Google Scholar The Louisiana projects were financed from state funds.

39 Nicholson, Joseph W., “Municipal Purchasing,” Municipal Year Book, 1939, pp. 34–38.Google Scholar

40 Laws of New York, 1938, chs. 28, 330.

41 Laws of Pennsylvania, 1938 (spec. sess.), no. 21; Acts and Joint Resolutions of South Carolina, 1938, p. 1692; Bradshaw, William L., note in National Municipal Review, Vol. 28, pp. 63–64 (Jan., 1939).Google Scholar

42 Acts of New Jersey, 1938, ch. 158 (Local Government Department Act), discussed infra, “State-Local Relations.” Since the New Jersey session laws for 1938 were not available to the writer when this article was prepared, the discussion of the several acts is based upon the text thereof as reprinted in Memorandum B of the New Jersey Citizens' Committee for the Princeton Local Government Survey entitled Local Government Acts, 1938 (Plainfield, May 25, 1938).Google Scholar

43 Acts of New Jersey, 1938, ch. 128 (Local Budget Act Supplement).

44 Ibid., ch. 159 (Fiscal Administration Act).

45 Ibid., ch. 127 (Fiscal Supervision Act).

46 Revised Statutes of New Jersey, 1937, secs. 52: 27–1 to 52: 27–66. See Legislative Proposals, 1938 (Legislative Memorandum No. 1-A, Princeton Local Government Survey, Princeton, Feb. 2, 1938), p. 61.

47 Acts of Kentucky, 1938 (1st spec. sess.), ch. 31. See Martin, James W., “State Supervision of County Finance in Kentucky,” National Municipal Review, Vol. 28, pp. 149–155 (Feb., 1939).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

48 Constitution of New York (1938), art. viii. See also The Constitution of the State of New York (Constitutional Convention, 1938, Document No. 16); “New Municipal Finance Provisions for New York State Constitution,” National Municipal Review, Vol. 27, pp. 592–594 (Dec., 1938).

49 This five-year average valuation, rather than the valuation for the current year, is also to be used henceforth as the basis for computing certain local tax limits.

50 See Constitution of New York (1938), art. ix.

51 Laws of New York, 1938, ch. 369; Acts of Virginia, 1938, ch. 124; Crouch, Winston W., “Charter Revision in Los Angeles,” National Municipal Review, Vol. 27 pp. 379–380 (July, 1938).Google Scholar

52 Acts of New Jersey, 1938, ch. 158. See supra, “Finance.”

53 Mr. Walter R. Darby, named in the act as first commissioner of local government, had been the administrator of the state's legislation regulating local finances for more than 20 years, first as commissioner of municipal accounts and later as state auditor. See Local Government Acts, 1988 (Memorandum B, New Jersey Citizens' Committee for the Princeton Local Government Survey), p. iii.

54 See supra, “Finance.”

55 Acts of Kentucky, 1938 (1st spec. sess.), ch. 31; Martin, James W., “State Supervision of County Finance in Kentucky,” National Municipal Review, Vol. 28, pp. 149–155 (Feb., 1939).CrossRefGoogle Scholar See supra, “Finance.”

56 Constitution of New York (1938), art. viii. See supra, “Finance.”

57 Laws of Mississippi, 1938 (reg. sess.), ch. 157.

58 Note in Public Management, Vol. 20, pp. 219–220 (July, 1938).

59 Laws of New York, 1938, ch. 48; note in Public Management, Vol. 20, p. 82 (Mar., 1938).

80 Third Annual Report of the Social Security Board, 1938, p. 131.

61 Data supplied by Soil Conservation Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture. See this Review, Vol. 32, p. 956; supra, “Areas.”

62 Supra, “New Functions.”

63 Abbott, Lyndon E., “Tennessee Counties Distribute Electric Power,” National Municipal Review, Vol. 28, pp. 169–170 (Feb., 1939).Google Scholar

64 302 U.S. 485, 82 L. Ed. 381, 58 Sup. Ct. 306 (1938).

65 302 U.S. 464, 82 L. Ed. 374, 58 Sup. Ct. 300 (1938).

66 Also of interest in this connection is the decision of the United States Supreme Court in the more recent case of Tennessee Electric Power Company v. Tennessee Valley Authority, 83 L. Ed. 341, 59 Sup. Ct. 366 (1939), holding that utility companies operating under non-exclusive franchises are without standing to question the validity of T.V.A. contracts for the sale of power to cities to be resold in competition with the plaintiffs. While the contracts involved in this case were with cities, the ruling would seem broad enough to cover similar contracts for sale of T.V.A. power to counties.

67 Laws of Mississippi, 1938 (reg. sess.), chs. 135, 149, 285, 314.

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