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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 11 December 2015
IN the early fall of 1969, I agreed to write an article for a special issue of The Americas honoring France V. Scholes. My contribution would be an essay on the status of biography in the literature of New Spain. Within a week after the selection of a topic, I was invited, as a last-minute replacement, to attend the Third Meeting of United States and Mexican Historians in Oaxtepec, Morelos. I served as discussant in a session devoted to Mexican biography since 1800. Ideas brought out in the discussion and commentary at the Oaxtepec meeting are gratefully acknowledge in this essay. An additional source for this paper is a questionnaire mailed to leading scholars of the United States in the field of colonial Mexican history. Several friends and colleagues have been kind enough to offer positive encouragement for this project. I have made no attempt here to survey all biographies of colonial personalities in New Spain, nor will I inflict my judgment of each study on the scholarly community. Book reviewers, past and present, have done their work. Generally, emphasis is on New Spain proper rather than the peripheral areas of the viceroyalty. I shall approach the subject of biography in a rather broad and unorthodox context. Interpretations and conclusions are mine, not the responsibility of trusting colleagues who gave me permission to quote them.
1 Respondents to the questionnaire are: Bernard Bobb, Woodrow Borah, Robert Chamberlain, Donald Cooper, C. Harvey Gardiner, Charles Gibson, Lewis Hanke, Benjamin Keen, Peggy Korn, Ursula Lamb, Irving Leonard, Michael Mathes, Philip Powell, G. Micheal Riley, William Sherman, Marc Simmons, John Te Paske, and Ben Warren. Footnote references to these questionnaires will be cited by use of surnames. Questionnaires are in the possession of the author.
2 Hamill, Hugh Jr., “The Status of Biography in Mexican Historiography,” Paper delivered at the Third Meeting of United States and Mexican Historians (Oaxtepec, November 6, 1969).Google Scholar
3 Warren.
4 Chamberlain.
5 Warren.
6 Riley.
7 Hanke, Lewis (ed.), History of Latin American Civilization; Sources and Interpretations (2 vols.; Boston, 1967), 1, xi.Google Scholar Hereinafter cited as Hanke, History.
8 Landers, Clifford E. and Cicarelli, James S., “Academic Recession,” The New Republic (May 9, 1970), p. 14.Google Scholar
9 Hanke, , History, I, 10.Google Scholar
10 Scholes, Walter V., Mexican Politics During the Juárez Regime, 1855–1872 (Columbia, Mo., 1969), Publisher’s Foreword.Google Scholar
11 Nevins, Allan, The Gateway to History (Garden City, N.Y., 1962), p. 352.Google Scholar
12 Ibid., p. 439.
13 Ibid., p. 352.
14 Ibid., p. 347.
15 Garraty, John A., The Nature of Biography (New York, 1957), p. 160.Google Scholar Hereinafter cited as Garraty, Biography.
16 Lamb.
17 Gardiner, Warren, and Leonard.
18 Aiton, Arthur S., Antonio de Mendoza, First Viceroy of New Spain (Durham, 1927)Google Scholar; and Bustamante, Ciriaco Pérez, Don Antonio de Mendoza, primer virrey de la Nueva España, 1535–1550 (Santiago, España, 1928).Google Scholar
19 Mañé, J. Ignacio Rubio, D. Luis de Velasco, el virrey popular (México, 1946).Google Scholar
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21 Chipman, Donald E., “New Light on the Career of Nuño Beltrán de Guzmán,” The Americas, 19 (April, 1963), 341–348.CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Chipman, Donald E., Nuño de Guzmán and the Province of Panuco in New Spain (Glendale, Calif., 1967), pp. 117–121.Google Scholar
22 Scholes, France V., “The Last Days of Gonzalo de Sandoval, Conquistador of New Spain,” Homenaje a Don José Marta de la Peña y Cámara (Madrid, 1969), pp. 181–199.Google Scholar
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25 Bobb, Bernard E., The Viceregency of Antonio María Bucareli in New Spain, 1771–1779 (Austin, Tex., 1962), p. 259.Google Scholar
26 Biographical dissertations either completed or in progress at Santa Barbara are: Joseph Cassidy, “Viceroy Marqués de Villamanrique”; Kenneth Jones, “Viceregal Administration of the Marqués de Casafuerte”; Martin Larry, “Viceroy Martin Enríquez”; William Lewis, “The Career of Francisco Javier Mina”; Jack Lundy, “Marqués de Falces”; and Fr. Malachy Murphy, “Moya de Contreras.”
27 Powell, Kom, Lamb, and Sherman.
28 Hanke to author, October 29, 1969.
29 Gardiner and Riley.
30 Garraty, , Biography, p. 9.Google Scholar
31 Ibid., p. 220.
32 Ibid., p. 215.
33 Ibid., p. 221.
34 Chávez, Ezequiel A., Ensayo de psicología de sor Juana Inés de la Cruz y de estimación del sentido de su vida para la historia de la cultura y de la formación de México (Barcelona, 1931)Google Scholar; Pfandl, Ludwig, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, la décima musa de México —su vida, su poesía, su psique (México, 1963)Google Scholar; also see Stampa, Manuel Carrera, Nuño de Guzmán (México, 1955).Google Scholar
35 Te Paske.
36 Scholes, France V. and Adams, Eleanor B. (eds.), Advertimientos generales que los Virreyes dejaron a sus sucesores para el gobierno de Nueva España, 1590–1604; Documentos para la historia de México Colonial (7 vols.; México, 1955–1961), 2, 7–9.Google Scholar
37 Calderón Quijano, José Antonio (ed.), El gobiern de los virreyes de Nueve España durante el reinado de Carlos III (2 vols.; Sevilla, 1967).Google Scholar