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How stress alters immune responses during respiratory infection

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 December 2014

Philip Griebel ,
Kevin Hill  and
Joseph Stookey
Philip Griebel*
Affiliation:
Veterinary Infectious Disease Organization/Intervac, School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
Kevin Hill
Affiliation:
US Cattle Technical Services, Merck Animal Health, Kaysville, Utah, USA
Joseph Stookey
Affiliation:
Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
*
*Corresponding author. E-mail: Philip.griebel@usask.ca
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Abstract

Fall-weaned calves entering the feedlot experience a variety of psychological and physical stressors, including maternal separation, transportation, social mixing, restraint, and dietary changes. Mixing calves from multiple sources also exposes them to respiratory pathogens at a time when maternal immunity has waned. Using an experimental bovine respiratory disease (BRD) challenge, we analyzed the effects of specific stressors on clinical disease and immune responses following bovine herpes virus (BHV-1/IBR) infection of naïve calves. Transportation stress was compared to either abrupt weaning plus transportation or transportation following a two-step weaning process. Transportation alone significantly (P < 0.05) increased BHV-1 shedding in nasal secretions despite elevated interferon-gamma production in the upper respiratory tract. In contrast, abrupt weaning and transportation, significantly (P < 0.05) increased serum haptoglobin on day 3 post-infection (PI) and blood leukocyte tumor necrosis factor α secretion on day 5 PI. These systemic responses were reduced by instituting a two-step weaning process 4 days prior to transportation and BHV-1 infection. In conclusion, these observations are consistent with earlier studies implicating weaning and transportation as stressors contributing to BRD severity and mortality. Current studies also revealed that different stressors or combination of stressors have distinct effects on host responses to viral infection in naïve calves.

Keywords

bovine respiratory diseasestressimmune response
Type
Review Article
Information
Animal Health Research Reviews , Volume 15 , Issue 2 , December 2014 , pp. 161 - 165
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2014 

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