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Salivary cortisol and behaviour in an all-male group of western lowland gorillas (Gorilla g. gorilla)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 January 2023

CW Kuhar ,
TL Bettinger  and
ML Laudenslager
CW Kuhar*
Affiliation:
Cleveland Metroparks Zoo, 3900 Wildlife Way, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA Disney's Animal Kingdom, PO Box 10000, Lake Buena Vista, FL 32830, USA
TL Bettinger
Affiliation:
Cleveland Metroparks Zoo, 3900 Wildlife Way, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA Disney's Animal Kingdom, PO Box 10000, Lake Buena Vista, FL 32830, USA
ML Laudenslager
Affiliation:
University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, 4200 E Ninth Avenue, Denver, CO 80262, USA
*
* Contact for correspondence and requests for reprints: Chris.x.Kuhar.-ND@Disney.com
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Abstract

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While the use of salivary cortisol as an index of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis activation has increased rapidly in human studies, few non-human primate studies have used saliva samples. Nearly 300 h of behavioural data and over 400 saliva samples were collected from three young adult, male western lowland gorillas to document the feasibility and effectiveness of using salivary cortisol as an index of HPA activation in gorillas. Cortisol concentrations were significantly higher in morning samples than in afternoon samples, and there was a significant decrease in morning cortisol concentrations across the study period. Additionally, acute increases, followed by a return to baseline concentrations of cortisol were observed. Salivary cortisol concentration was found to correlate across individuals, indicating potential psychological attunement to environmental and/or social variables in these animals. Although no clear relationship between behaviour and cortisol concentrations was established, these results indicate that salivary cortisol is an effective technique for documenting HPA activity over an extended period of time, as it allows for detection of diurnal variation as well as acute changes in salivary cortisol concentrations.

Keywords

all-male groupanimal welfaregorillasalivary cortisolsocial behaviour
Type
Research Article
Information
Animal Welfare , Volume 14 , Issue 3 , August 2005 , pp. 187 - 193
Copyright
© 2005 Universities Federation for Animal Welfare

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