Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-94fs2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-13T07:52:18.132Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Response of piglets to the valine content in diet in combination with the supply of other branched-chain amino acids

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 June 2011

M. Gloaguen ,
N. Le Floc'h ,
L. Brossard ,
R. Barea ,
Y. Primot ,
E. Corrent  and
J. van Milgen
M. Gloaguen
Affiliation:
Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR1079, Systèmes d′Elevage, Nutrition Animale et Humaine (SENAH), F-35590 Saint-Gilles, France Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1079, Systèmes d′Elevage, Nutrition Animale et Humaine (SENAH), F-35000 Rennes, France AJINOMOTO EUROLYSINE S.A.S, 75817 Paris Cedex 17, France
N. Le Floc'h
Affiliation:
Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR1079, Systèmes d′Elevage, Nutrition Animale et Humaine (SENAH), F-35590 Saint-Gilles, France Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1079, Systèmes d′Elevage, Nutrition Animale et Humaine (SENAH), F-35000 Rennes, France
L. Brossard
Affiliation:
Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR1079, Systèmes d′Elevage, Nutrition Animale et Humaine (SENAH), F-35590 Saint-Gilles, France Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1079, Systèmes d′Elevage, Nutrition Animale et Humaine (SENAH), F-35000 Rennes, France
R. Barea
Affiliation:
Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR1079, Systèmes d′Elevage, Nutrition Animale et Humaine (SENAH), F-35590 Saint-Gilles, France Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1079, Systèmes d′Elevage, Nutrition Animale et Humaine (SENAH), F-35000 Rennes, France
Y. Primot
Affiliation:
AJINOMOTO EUROLYSINE S.A.S, 75817 Paris Cedex 17, France
E. Corrent
Affiliation:
AJINOMOTO EUROLYSINE S.A.S, 75817 Paris Cedex 17, France
J. van Milgen*
Affiliation:
Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR1079, Systèmes d′Elevage, Nutrition Animale et Humaine (SENAH), F-35590 Saint-Gilles, France Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1079, Systèmes d′Elevage, Nutrition Animale et Humaine (SENAH), F-35000 Rennes, France
*
†E-mail: jaap.vanmilgen@rennes.inra.fr
Get access

Abstract

The branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) valine (Val) and isoleucine (Ile) are considered to be among the next-limiting amino acids for growth in piglets. In earlier studies, we estimated the standardized ileal digestible (SID) Val : Lys (lysine) requirement to be at least 70%, whereas the Ile : Lys requirement may be as low as 50%. Because the BCAA partially share a common route of catabolism, the supply of one BCAA may affect the availability of the other BCAA. Four experiments were conducted to determine the response of 6-week-old piglets to the Val supply in relation to the other BCAA. A deficient supply of Val or Ile typically results in a reduction in average daily feed intake (ADFI). Experiment 1 was designed to determine the effect of a limiting Val supply, independent of the effect on feed intake. In a dose–response study using restrictively fed piglets, nitrogen retention did not increase for an SID Val : Lys supply greater than 64%. In the remaining experiments, piglets were offered feed ad libitum using ADFI, average daily gain (ADG) and gain-to-feed ratio as response criteria. The interaction between the Val and leucine (Leu) was studied in Experiment 2 in a 2 × 2 factorial design (60% and 70% SID Val : Lys, and 111% and 165% SID Leu : Lys). Performance was considerably lower in piglets receiving 60% Val : Lys compared with those receiving 70% Val : Lys and was lowest in piglets receiving the diet with low Val and high Leu content. To further evaluate the interaction between Val and Leu, a dose–response study was carried out in which the response to Val supply was studied in combination with high Leu supply (165% Leu : Lys). Using a curvilinear-plateau model, the average SID Val : Lys requirement was 72%. However, low Val supply (60% SID Val : Lys) reduced performance by 13% to 38%, which was much greater than what we observed in earlier studies. Experiment 4 was carried out to test the hypothesis that the Val requirement is not affected by low Ile supply (50% SID Ile : Lys). Performance was not improved for Val : Lys supplies greater than 65%, which may indicate that Ile (and not Lys) was second-limiting in this study. In conclusion, the first response of piglets to deficient Val supply appears to be a reduction in ADFI, rather than a reduction in ADG or nitrogen retention. A large supply of Leu may not affect the Val requirement per se, but may aggravate the consequences of Val deficiency.

Keywords

branched-chain amino acidsvalinenutrient requirementpigs
Type
Full Paper
Information
animal , Volume 5 , Issue 11 , 26 September 2011 , pp. 1734 - 1742
Copyright
Copyright © The Animal Consortium 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aftring, RP, Block, KP, Buse, MG 1986. Leucine and isoleucine activate skeletal-muscle branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase in vivo. American Journal of Physiology 250, E599–E604.Google ScholarPubMed
Barea, R, Brossard, L, Le Floc'h, N, Primot, Y, van Milgen, J 2009a. The standardized ileal digestible isoleucine-to-lysine requirement ratio may be less than fifty percent in eleven- to twenty-three-kilogram piglets. Journal of Animal Science 87, 4022–4031.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barea, R, Brossard, L, Le Floc'h, N, Primot, Y, Melchior, D, van Milgen, J 2009b. The standardized ileal digestible valine-to-lysine requirement ratio is at least seventy percent in postweaned piglets. Journal of Animal Science 87, 935–947.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Conde-Aguilera, JA, Barea, R, Le Floc'h, N, Lefaucheur, L, van Milgen, J 2010. A sulfur amino acid deficiency changes the amino acid composition of body protein in piglets. Animal 4, 1349–1358.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cota, D, Proulx, K, Smith, KA, Kozma, SC, Thomas, G, Woods, SC, Seeley, RJ 2006. Hypothalamic mTOR signaling regulates food intake. Science 312, 927–930.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
de Lange, CFM 1995. Framework for a simplified model to demonstrate principles of nutrient partitioning for growth in the pig. In Modelling growth in the pig (ed. PJ Moughan, MWA Verstegen and MI Visser-Reyneveld), pp. 71–85. Wageningen Pers, Wageningen, The Netherlands.Google Scholar
Dean, DW, Southern, LL, Kerr, BJ, Bidner, TD 2005. Isoleucine requirement of 80- to 120-kilogram barrows fed corn-soybean meal or corn-blood cell diets. Journal of Animal Science 83, 2543–2553.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dourmad, JY, Etienne, M 2002. Dietary lysine and threonine requirements of the pregnant sow estimated by nitrogen balance. Journal of Animal Science 80, 2144–2150.Google ScholarPubMed
Edmonds, MS, Baker, DH 1987. Amino acid excesses for young pigs: effects of excess methionine, tryptophan, threonine or leucine. Journal of Animal Science 64, 1664–1671.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Escobar, J, Frank, JW, Suryawan, A, Nguyen, HV, Kimball, SR, Jefferson, LS, Davis, TA 2005. Physiological rise in plasma leucine stimulates muscle protein synthesis in neonatal pigs by enhancing translation initiation factor activation. American Journal of Physiology – Endocrinology and Metabolism 288, E914–E921.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Feurte, S, Nicolaidis, S, Even, PC, Tome, D, Mahe, S, Fromentin, G 1999. Rapid fall in plasma threonine followed by increased intermeal interval in response to first ingestion of a threonine-devoid diet in rats. Appetite 33, 329–341.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Figueroa, JL, Lewis, AJ, Miller, PS, Fischer, RL, Diedrichsen, RM 2003. Growth, carcass traits, and plasma amino acid concentrations of gilts fed low-protein diets supplemented with amino acids including histidine, isoleucine, and valine. Journal of Animal Science 81, 1529–1537.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gietzen, DW 1993. Neural mechanisms in the responses to amino acid deficiency. Journal of Nutrition 123, 610–625.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goto, S, Nagao, K, Bannai, M, Takahashi, M, Nakahara, K, Kangawa, K, Murakami, N 2010. Anorexia in rats caused by a valine-deficient diet is not ameliorated by systemic ghrelin treatment. Neuroscience 166, 333–340.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hao, S, Sharp, JW, Ross-Inta, CM, McDaniel, BJ, Anthony, TG, Wek, RC, Cavener, DR, McGrath, BC, Rudell, JB, Koehnle, TJ, Gietzen, DW 2005. Uncharged tRNA and sensing of amino acid deficiency in mammalian piriform cortex. Science 307, 1776–1778.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hargreaves, KM, Pardridge, WM 1988. Neutral amino acid transport at the human blood–brain barrier. Journal of Biological Chemistry 263, 19392–19397.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harper, AE, Rogers, QR 1965. Amino acid imbalance. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 24, 173–190.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harper, AE, Miller, RH, Block, KP 1984. Branched-chain amino acid metabolism. Annual Review of Nutrition 4, 409–454.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hawkins, RA, O'Kane, RL, Simpson, IA, Vina, JR 2006. Structure of the blood–brain barrier and its role in the transport of amino acids. Journal of Nutrition 136, 218S–226S.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Langer, S, Scislowski, PW, Brown, DS, Dewey, P, Fuller, MF 2000. Interactions among the branched-chain amino acids and their effects on methionine utilization in growing pigs: effects on plasma amino- and keto-acid concentrations and branched-chain keto-acid dehydrogenase activity. British Journal of Nutrition 83, 49–58.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leung, P, Rogers, Q 1971. Importance of prepyriform cortex in food-intake response of rats to amino acids. American Journal of Physiology 221, 929–935.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Matthews, DE, Bier, DM, Rennie, MJ, Edwards, RHT, Halliday, D, Millward, DJ, Clugston, GA 1981. Regultation of leucine metabolism in man – a stable isotope study. Science 214, 1129–1131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Noblet, J, Fortune, H, Shi, XS, Dubois, S 1994. Prediction of net energy value of feeds for growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science 72, 344–354.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
NRC 1998. Nutrient requirement of swine, 10th revised edition. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Peng, Y, Tews, JK, Harper, AE 1972. Amino acid imbalance, protein intake, and changes in rat brain and plasma amino acids. American Journal of Physiology 222, 314–321.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Peng, Y, Gubin, J, Harper, AE, Vavich, MG, Kemmerer, AR 1973. Food intake regulation: amino acid toxicity and changes in rat brain and plasma amino acids. Journal of Nutrition 103, 608–617.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ratkowsky, DA, Lowry, RK, McMeekin, TA, Stokes, AN, Chandler, RE 1983. Model for bacterial culture growth rate throughout the entire biokinetic temperature range. Journal of Bacteriology 154, 1222–1226.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Robbins, KR, Saxton, AM, Southern, LL 2006. Estimation of nutrient requirements using broken-line regression analysis. Journal of Animal Science 84 (E. suppl.), E155–E165.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sauvant, D, Perez, J-M, Tran, G 2004. Table of composition of nutritional value of feed materials: pigs, poultry, cattle, sheep, goats, rabbits, horses, fish, 2nd edition. INRA Editions, Paris.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spolter, PD, Harper, AE 1961. Leucine-isoleucine antagonism in the rat. American Journal of Physiology 200, 513–518.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Susenbeth, A 1995. Factors affecting lysine utilization in growing pigs – an analysis of literature data. Livestock Production Science 43, 193–204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van Milgen, J, Gloaguen, M, Le Floc'h, N, Brossard, L, Primot, Y, Corrent, E 2010. Meta-analysis of the response of growing pigs to different levels of isoleucine in the diet. In 3rd International Symposium on Energy and Protein Metabolism and Nutrition, Parma, Italy (ed. GM Crovetto), pp. 613–614. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, the Netherlands.Google Scholar
Van Soest, PJ, Wine, RH 1967. Use of detergents in the analysis of fibrous feeds. IV. Determination of plant cell-wall constituents. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 50, 50–55.Google Scholar
Wiltafsky, MK, Bartelt, J, Relandeau, C, Roth, FX 2009a. Estimation of the optimum ratio of standardized ileal digestible isoleucine to lysine for eight- to twenty-five-kilogram pigs in diets containing spray-dried blood cells or corn gluten feed as a protein source. Journal of Animal Science 87, 2554–2564.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wiltafsky, MK, Schmidtlein, B, Roth, FX 2009b. Estimates of the optimum dietary ratio of standardized ileal digestible valine to lysine for eight to twenty-five kilograms of body weight pigs. Journal of Animal Science 87, 2544–2553.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wiltafsky, MK, Pfaffl, MW, Roth, FX 2010. The effects of branched-chain amino acid interactions on growth performance, blood metabolites, enzyme kinetics and transcriptomics in weaned pigs. British Journal of Nutrition 103, 964–976.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed