In re Hirota and Others.

Abstract

War — In General — The Right of War — War in Violation of Treaties — Aggressive War — General Treaty for the Renunciation of War, 1928 — Right of Self-Defence — Wars of Aggression by Japan Against Other Countries between 1931 and 1945 — Crimes against Peace — Individual Responsibility for — War Crimes — Punishment of — International Military Tribunal — Constitution and Jurisdiction of — Rules of Warfare and the Legality of War — Hague Regulations — Whether Declaratory of International Law — General Participation Clause — Offences against Prisoners of War and Civilian Inhabitants of Occupied Territory — Responsibility of Government Officials and Military Commanders for War Crimes Committed against Prisoners of War — Conspiracy as a Crime in International Law — Right of Accused Under Geneva (Prisoners of War) Convention, 1929, to Trial by Court Martial — Responsibility of Head of State — Diplomatic Immunity as a Defence — Pleas of Act of State and of Superior Orders — Principle of Nullum Crimen Sine Lege.