Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-mkpzs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T18:10:03.131Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Boat-building and its social context in early Egypt: interpretations from the First Dynasty boat-grave cemetery at Abydos

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2015

Cheryl Ward*
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Florida State University, USA

Extract

The boat-grave cemetery at Abydos has provided the world's oldest sewn planked hulls, and vivid evidence for the way early Egyptian wooden boats were built. As well as sailing on the Nile, they were designed to be dismantled for carriage over land to the Red Sea. By the mid-fourth millennium BC the ship was a major technical force in the Egyptian political economy as well as an iconic force in ceremonial burial.

Type
Research
Copyright
Copyright © Antiquity Publications Ltd. 2006

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adams, B. & Hoffman, M. 1987. Analysis and regional perspective, in Adams, B. (ed.) The fort cemetery at Hierakonpolis: 176202. London: Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Aksamit, J. 1981. Representations of boats in Predynastic Egypt. Fontes Archaeologici Posnanienses 32: 156–68.Google Scholar
Arnold, J. 1995. Transportation innovation and social complexity among maritime hunter-gatherer societies. American Anthropologist 97: 733–47.Google Scholar
Bard, K. 1994. The Egyptian Predynastic: a review of the evidence. Journal of Field Archaeology 21: 265–88.Google Scholar
Bard, K. 2000. The emergence of the Egyptian state, in Shaw, I. (ed.) The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt: 6188. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Bard, K. & Fattovich, R. 2003. Mersa Gawasis: A pharaonic coastal site on the Red Sea. Bulletin of the American Research Center in Egypt 184: 30–1.Google Scholar
Brunton, G. & Caton-Thompson, G. 1928. Badarian civilisation. London: British School of Archaeology in Egypt.Google Scholar
Caton-Thompson, G. & Gardner, E. 1934. The desert Fayum. London: Royal Anthropological Society.Google Scholar
Coates, J. 1985. Some structural models for sewn boats, in McGrail, S. & Kentley, E. (ed.) Sewn plank boats: 918. BAR International Series 276. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports.Google Scholar
Davies, W.V. 1987. Catalogue of Egyptian antiquities in the British museum 7, Tools and weapons 1, Axes. London: British Museum.Google Scholar
Davis, W. 1989. The canonical tradition in ancient Egyptian art. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Earle, T. 1997. How chiefs come to power: the political economyin prehistory. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Emery, W.B. 1954. Great Tombs of the First Dynasty 2. London: Egypt Exploration Society.Google Scholar
Emery, W.B. 1958. Great Tombs of the First Dynasty 3. London: Egypt Exploration Society.Google Scholar
Fattovich, R. 1991. The Problem of Punt in the light of recent field work in the eastern Sudan, in Schoske, S. (ed.) Akten des Vierten Internationalen Agyptologen Kongresses — München 1985: 257–72. Hamburg: Buske Verlag.Google Scholar
Fattovich, R. 1993. Punt: the archaeological perspective. Atti del VI Congresso Internazionale di Egittologia 2: 399405. Turin: Comitato Organizzativo del Congresso.Google Scholar
Gale, R., Gasson, P., Hepper, N. & Killen, G. 2000. Wood, in Nicholson, P. & Shaw, I. (ed.) Ancient Egyptian materials and technology: 335–71. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Haldane, C. [WARD]. 1992. The Lisht timbers, in Arnold, D. (ed.) The Pyramid Complex of Senwosret I at Lisht: 102–12, pls. 115–32. Publications of the Metropolitan Museum of Art Egyptian Expedition 25. The South Cemeteries at Lisht 3. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art.Google Scholar
Hendricks, S. & Vermeer, P. 2000. Prehistory: from the Paleolithic to the Badarian culture, in Shaw, I. (ed.) The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt: 1743. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Hoffman, M.A. 1991. Egypt before the Pharaohs. Austin: University of Texas Press.Google Scholar
Hornell, J. 1946. Water transport. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Iversen, E. 1975. Canon and proportions in Egyptian art. 2nd ed. Warminster: Aris & Philips.Google Scholar
Kemp, B. 1991. Ancient Egypt: the anatomy of a civilization. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Killen, G. 1980. Ancient Egyptian furniture 1. Warminster: Aris & Philips.Google Scholar
Kitchen, K.A. 1971. Punt and how to get there. Orientalia NS 40: 184207.Google Scholar
Kitchen, K.A. 1982. Punt, in Helck, W. & Westendorf, W. (ed.) Lexikon der Äggyptologie 4: cols. 11981201. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.Google Scholar
Kitchen, K.A. 2002. Egypt, middle Nile, Red Sea and Arabia, in Cleziou, S., Tosi, M. & Zarins, J. (ed.) Essays on the late prehistory of the Arabian Peninsula: 383401. Rome (SOR 93): Instituto Italiano per L’Africa e l’Oriente.Google Scholar
Lipke, P. 1984. The royal ship of Cheops. BAR Int’l. Series 225. Oxford: BAR.Google Scholar
Lythgoe, A.M. & Dunham, D. 1965. The Predynastic cemetery N7000. Naga-ed-Dêr 4. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacKay, E. 1915. Wooden coffins, in Petrie, W.M.F. & Mackay, E. (ed.) Heliopolis, Kaf Ammar, and Shurafa: 2330. London: Egypt Exploration Society.Google Scholar
McGrail, S. 2001. Boats of the world. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
O’Connor, D. 1991. Boat graves and pyramid origins. New discoveries at Abydos, Egypt. Expedition 33.3: 517.Google Scholar
O’Connor, D. 1995. The earliest royal boat graves. Egyptian Archaeology 6: 37.Google Scholar
O’Connor, D. & Adams, M.A. 2001. Moored in the desert. Archaeology 54.3: 44–5.Google Scholar
Petrie, W.M.F. 1933. Egyptian shipping. Ancient Egypt and the east 1: 114.Google Scholar
Petrie, W.M.F., Brunton, G. & Murray, M.A. 1923. Lahun 2. London: British School of Archaeology in Egypt.Google Scholar
Petrie, W.M.F., Wainright, G.A. & Gardiner, A.H. 1913. Tarkhan I and Memphis 5. London: Egypt Exploration Society.Google Scholar
Pulak, C. 1998. The Uluburun shipwreck: an overview. International Journal of Nautical Archaeology 27: 188224.Google Scholar
Rathje, W. 2002. The Nouveau elite Potlatch: one scenario for the monumental rise of early civilizations, in Masson, M. & Freidel, D. (ed.) Ancient Maya political economics: 3140. Walnut Creek, CA: Altamira.Google Scholar
Rizkana, I. & Seeher, J. 1989. Maadi 3. The non-Lithic small finds and the structural remains of the Predynastic settlement. MDAIK 80. Mainz: Philipp von Zabern.Google Scholar
Saad, Z.Y. 1969. The excavations at Helwan. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press.Google Scholar
Savage, S. 1997. Descent group competition and economic strategies in Predynastic Egypt. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 15: 226–68.Google Scholar
Savage, S. 1998. AMS radiocarbon dates from the Predynastic Egyptian cemetery, N7000, at Naga-ed-Dêr. Journal ofArchaeological Science 25: 235–49.Google Scholar
Sayed, A.M.A.H. 1978. The recently discovered port on the Red Sea shore. Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 64: 6971.Google Scholar
Sayed, A.M.A.H. 1980. Observations ofrecent discoveries at Wadi Gawasis. Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 66: 154–7.Google Scholar
Sayed, A.M.A.H. 1983. New light on the recently discovered port on the Red Sea shore. Chronique d’Éggypte 58. 115–6: 23–37.Google Scholar
Simpson, W.K. 1965. Papyrus Reisner 2. Accounts of the Dockyard Workshop at This in the Reign of Sesostris I. Boston, CT: Museum of Fine Arts.Google Scholar
Spencer, A.J. 1980. Egyptian antiquities 5: early dynastic objects in the British Museum. London: British Museum.Google Scholar
Trigger, B.G. 1995. Early civilizations: ancient Egypt in context. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press.Google Scholar
Vinson, S. 1994. Egyptian boats and ships. Buckinghamshire: Shire Egyptology.Google Scholar
Ward, C. 2000. Sacred and secular: ancient Egyptian ships and boats. Boston, CT: Archaeological Institute of America.Google Scholar
Ward, C. 2001. World’s oldest planked boats. Archaeology 54.3: 45.Google Scholar
Ward, C. 2003. World’s oldest planked boats: Abydos hull construction, in Beltrame, C. (ed.) Ship archaeology ofthe ancient and medieval world: 1923. Oxford: Oxbow.Google Scholar
Ward, C. 2004. Boatbuilding in ancient Egypt, in Hocker, F. & Ward, C. (ed.) The philosophy of shipbuilding. Conceptual approaches to the study of wooden ships: 1324. College Station, TX: Texas A & M University Press.Google Scholar
Wildung, D. 1981. Ägypten vor den Pyramiden. Mainz: Philipp von Zabern.Google Scholar
Wilkinson, T. 2003. Genesis of the Pharaohs. London: Thames & Hudson.Google Scholar
Williams, B. 1988. Decorated pottery and the art of Naqada III: A documentary essay. Münchner Ägyptologische Studien 45. Munich: Deutscher Kunstverlag.Google Scholar
Winkler, H.A. 1938. Rock drawings of southern upper Egypt 1. Season 1936–1937. London: Egypt Exploration Society.Google Scholar
Winkler, H.A. 1939. Rock drawings of southern upper Egypt 2. Season 1937–1938. London: Egypt Exploration Society.Google Scholar
Wright, E.V., Hedges, R.E.M., Bayliss, A. & Van De Noort, R. 2001. New AMS radiocarbon dates for the North Ferriby boats – a contribution to dating prehistoric seafaring in northwestern Europe. Antiquity 75: 726–34.Google Scholar
Zarins, J. 1989. Ancient Egypt and the Red Sea trade: The case for obsidian in the Predynastic and Archaic periods, in Leonard, A. & Williams, B. (ed.) Essays in ancient civilization presented to Helene J. Kantor: 339–68. Chicago (SAOC 47): University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar