Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jn8rn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T00:29:41.216Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Time please

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2015

Extract

Professional archaeology in Britain has changed out of all recognition over the last 40 years, from an amateur world with a few paid professionals, to a fully professional activity. The changes have come about through different intiatives — popular and bureaucratic — and have led to new organizational structures, new funds, new people and different approaches. Few individuals have bridged this dynamic period as close to the driving seat as Professor Geoffrey Wainwright, or been able to see from where the many pressures for change came. Rarely were the initiatives widely published or documented, and the present state of things often seem to bear little relation to what went before. We have commissioned Professor Wainwright to review the changes and developments in the archaeology of England — from his perspective — and explain how and why many of the changes that underlie archaeology in 2000 have come about.

Type
Papers
Copyright
Copyright © Antiquity Publications Ltd. 2000

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Addyman, P.V. & Rumsby, J.H., 1971. The archaeological implications of proposed development in York. York.Google Scholar
Acao (Association of County Archaeology Officers). 1978. A guide to the establishment of sites and monuments records. Chelmsford.Google Scholar
Acao (Association of County Archaeology Officers). 1993. Model briefs and specifications for archaeological assessments and field evaluations. Chelmsford.Google Scholar
Aitchison, K. (ed. Denison, S.). 1991. Profiling the profession. A survey of archaeological jobs in the UK. London: English Heritage.Google Scholar
Alcock, L. 1995. Cadbury Castle, Somerset. The Early Medieval archaeology. Cardiff: University of Wales Press.Google Scholar
Aldsworth, F. & Freke, D., 1976. Historic towns in Sussex: an archaeological survey. London.Google Scholar
Algao (Association Of Local Government Archaeology Officers). 1996. Analysis and recording of the control of works to historic buildings. Advice to local authorities and applicants. Chelmsford.Google Scholar
Algao (Association Of Local Government Archaeology Officers). 1997. Protecting our heritage: archaeology in local government in England 1997. Chelmsford.Google Scholar
Astill, G. 1978. Historic towns in Berkshire: an archaeological appraisal. Reading.Google Scholar
Aston, M. & Leech, R.. 1977. Historic towns in Somerset: archaeology and planning. Bristol: CRAAGS.Google Scholar
Baker, D. 1975. The past revived through public endeavour or an archaeological view from Bedfordshire, Current Archaeology 1975: 3679.Google Scholar
Baker, D. 1976. Rescue archaeology and local government, County Councils Gazette 767.Google Scholar
Baker, D. & Baker, E.. 1999. An assessment of English Sites and Monuments Records. Chelmsford: Association of Local Government Archaeological Officers.Google Scholar
Balkwill, C.J. 1976. Archaeology and development in rural Devon. Exeter.Google Scholar
Barclay, G.J. (ed.). 1997. State-funded ‘rescue’ archaeology in Scotland. Past, present and future. Edinburgh: Historic Scotland Ancient Monuments Division. Occasional Paper 2.Google Scholar
Bayley, J. (ed.). 1998. Science in Archaeology: an agenda for the future. London: English Heritage.Google Scholar
Bell, M., Fowler, P.J. & Hillson, S.N.. 1996. The Experimental Earthwork Project 1960–1992. York: Council for British Archaeology.Google Scholar
Benson, D. & J. Cook. 1966. City of Oxford redevelopment: archaeological implications. Oxford: Oxford City & County Museum.Google Scholar
Biddle, M. & Emery, F. . 1973. The M3 extension: an archaeological survey. Winchester: M3 Archaeology Rescue Committee.Google Scholar
Biddle, M. & Hudson, D.. 1973. The future of London’s past: a survey of the archaeological implications of planning and development in the nation’s capital. Worcester: Rescue.Google Scholar
Bland, R. 2000. The Treasure Act, two years on, The Archaeologist: 234.Google Scholar
Blatherwick, S. 1998. London’spre-Restoration purpose-built theatres of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. London: English Heritage.Google Scholar
Bradley, R., Entwhistle, R. & Raymond, F.. 1994. Prehistoric land divisions on Salisbury Plain. The work of the Wessex linear ditches project. London: English Heritage. Archaeological report 2.Google Scholar
British Archaeologists and Developers Liaison Group. 1986. Code of Practice 1986. London. (Reprinted 1988 & 1991).Google Scholar
Butcher, S. & P. Garwood. 1994. Rescue excavation 1938–1972. London: English Heritage.Google Scholar
Cadw/Rchmw (Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales). 1999. Recording, preserving and presenting the Welsh archaeological landscape. A joint statement. Cardiff & Aberystwyth: Cadw & RCHMW.Google Scholar
Carver, M.O.H. & Wills, J.. 1974. Shrewsbury: the buried past. The threatened archaeology of Shrewsbury and its recovery. Shrewsbury.Google Scholar
Centre for Environmental Interpretation. 1988. Visitors welcome. A manual on the presentation and interpretation of archaeological excavations. London: HMSO.Google Scholar
Champion, S. 1973. Andover: the archaeological implications of development. Andover.Google Scholar
Clack, P.A.G. & Gosling, P.F.. 1976. Archaeology in the north. Durham: Northern Archaeology Survey.Google Scholar
Coles, B. 1995. Wetland management: A survey for English Heritage. Exeter: WARP. Occasional paper 9.Google Scholar
Colyer, C. 1975. Lincoln: the archaeology of an historic city. Lincoln.Google Scholar
Corfield, M., Hinton, P. Nixon, T. & Pollard, M.. 1996. Preserving archaeological remains in situ. London MOLAS/ Bradford: University of Bradford.Google Scholar
CBA (Council for British Archaeology). 1975. Rescue Archaeology 1975–80: Objectives and pursuit. Report on a seminar organized by the Department for Extra Mural Studies, Oxford. January 1975. Issued by the CBA June 1975 as a typescript.Google Scholar
CBA (Council for British Archaeology). 1965. The Buchanon Report and historic towns. London.Google Scholar
Council of Europe. 1994. The Bronze Age – the first golden age of Europe.Strasbourg: Council of Europe. European Heritage 2.Google Scholar
Council of Europe. 1999a. Report on the situation of urban archaeology in Europe. Strasbourg: Council of Europe.Google Scholar
Council of Europe. 1999b. European Bronze Age monuments: a multi-lingual glossary of archaeological terminology. Strasbourg: Council of Europe.Google Scholar
Council of Europe. 1999c. Core data standard for archaeological sites and monuments. Strasbourg: Council of Europe.Google Scholar
Council for Independent Archaeology. 1993. The role of local societies in PPG-16. Northampton: Council for Independent Archaeology.Google Scholar
Countryside Commission/Eh/English Nature. 1993. Conservation issues in Strategic Plans. Cheltenham.Google Scholar
Cunliffe, B. 1982. The publication of archaeological excavations. London: CBA & DoE.Google Scholar
(Ed.). 2000. The Danebury Environs Programme: the prehistory of a Wessex Landscape. Oxford: Oxford University Committee for Archaeology. Monographs 48 & 49.Google Scholar
Current Archaeology. 2000. Kent. No. 168.Google Scholar
Darvill, T. 1987. Ancient Monuments in the Countryside: an archaeological management review. London: English Heritage. Archaeological report 5.Google Scholar
Darvill, T. & Atkins, M.. 1991. Regulating archaeological work by contract. IFA. Technical paper 8.Google Scholar
Darvill, T. & Fulton, A.. 1998. MARS: The Monuments at Risk Survey of England.Google Scholar
Darvill, T. & Fulton, A. 1995. Bournemouth: School of Conservation Sciences, Bournemouth University/London: English Heritage.Google Scholar
Darvill, T. & Hunt, A.. 1999. The Archaeological Investigations Project, Conservation Bulletin 35: 1417,Google Scholar
Darvill, T., Saunders, A. & Startin, B.. 1987. A question of national importance: approaches to the evaluation of ancient monuments for the Monuments Protection Programme in England, Antiquity 61: 393408.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dobinson, C. & Denison, S.. 1995. Metal detecting and archaeology in England. London: EH/CBA.Google Scholar
DoE (Department of the Environment). 1973. DoE Rescue Excavations. A meeting held at Fortress House, London on 22 February 1973. Typescript report.Google Scholar
DoE (Department of the Environment). 1977. Rescue Archaeology: the next phase. Circulated in typescript.Google Scholar
DoE (Department of the Environment). 1981a. Organisation of Ancient Monuments and Historic Buildings. Consultation Paper. London: HMSO.Google Scholar
DoE (Department of the Environment). 1981b. Preservation and Excavation Policies. Advisory note 28 to Grant-aided units. 1982. The way forward. London: DoE.Google Scholar
DoE (Department of the Environment). 1990. Archaeology and Planning (PPG-16). London: HMSO.Google Scholar
DoE (Department of the Environment). 1994. Planning and the Historic Environment (PPG-15). London: HMSO.Google Scholar
Drewett, P.L. 1976. An extensive survey of plough-damage to known archaeological sites in West and East Sussex. London.Google Scholar
EH (English Heritage). 1985. Maiden Castle Visitor Centre. Consultative Document. London: English Heritage.Google Scholar
EH (English Heritage). 1986. Rescue archaeology funding: a policy statement. London: English Heritage.Google Scholar
EH (English Heritage). 1988. Planning and conservation: a case study of Maiden Castle. London: English Heritage Education Service. Schools Council Geography 16–19 Project.Google Scholar
EH (English Heritage). 1989. The Management of archaeology projects. London: English Heritage.Google Scholar
EH (English Heritage). 1991a. Rescue archaeology funding: a policy statement. London: English Heritage.Google Scholar
EH (English Heritage). 1991b. Exploring our past: strategies for the archaeology of England. London: English Heritage.Google Scholar
EH (English Heritage). 1991c. The Management of archaeological projects. 2nd edition. London: English Heritage.Google Scholar
EH (English Heritage). 1992a. Development Plan policies for archaeology. London: English Heritage.Google Scholar
EH (English Heritage). 1992b. Managing England’s heritage: setting our priorities for the 1990s. London: English Heritage.Google Scholar
EH (English Heritage). 1994. Investigative work on historic, buildings. London: English Heritage.Google Scholar
EH (English Heritage). 1995a. Industrial archaeology: a policy statement. London: English Heritage.Google Scholar
EH (English Heritage). 1995b. Register of historic battlefields. London: English Heritage.Google Scholar
EH (English Heritage). 1996. The Monuments Protection Programme 1986–96 in retrospect. London: English Heritage.Google Scholar
EH (English Heritage). 1998a. Greater London Archaeology Advisory Service. Archaeological guidance papers 1–5. London: English Heritage.Google Scholar
EH (English Heritage). 1998b. Capital archaeology: strategies for sustaining the historic legacy of a world city. London: English Heritage.Google Scholar
EH (English Heritage). 1998c. Identifying and protecting palaeolithic remains. London: English Heritage.Google Scholar
EH (English Heritage). 1998d. Monuments of war. The evaluation, recording and management of twentieth century military sites. London: English Heritage.Google Scholar
EH (English Heritage). 2000. Review of policies relating to the historic environment. London: English Heritage.Google Scholar
EH/COUNTRYSIDE COMMISSION/ENGLISH NATURE. 1996. Conservation issues in Local Plans. London: English Heritage.Google Scholar
EH/RCHME. 1996. England’s coastal heritage. A statement on the management of coastal archaeology. London: English Heritage.Google Scholar
English Historic Towns Forum. 1990. Archaeology in historic townsConstraint or opportunity. Lincoln.Google Scholar
Ellison, A. 1976. Villages survey – an interim report. Bristol: CRAAGS.Google Scholar
Ellison, A. 1977a. Exmoor survey. Bristol: CRAAGS.Google Scholar
Ellison, A. 1977b. A survey of the archaeological implications of forestry in the Forest of Dean. Bristol: CRAAGS.Google Scholar
Ellison, A. 1977c. A survey of the archaeological implications of hard stone quarrying in the counties of Avon, Gloucestershire and Somerset. Bristol: CRAAGS.Google Scholar
Evans, D.M. 1986. Maiden Castle Management Plan. London: English Heritage.Google Scholar
Evans, D.M., Salway, P. & Thackray, D.. 1996. ‘The remains of distant times’. Archaeology and the National Trust. London: Society of Antiquaries. Occasional paper 19.Google Scholar
Fleming, A.J. & Foard, G.. 1997. Church archaeology in the Peterborough Diocese: a review of conservation archaeology in the management of church and churchyard. Peterborough.Google Scholar
Fowler, E. (ed.). 1972. Field survey in British archaeology. London: Council for British Archaeology.Google Scholar
Fowler, P. 1970. The crisis in field archaeology, Current Archaeology 23: 3435.Google Scholar
Fowler, P. 1972. Field archaeology on the M5 Motorway 1969–71, in Fowler (ed.).Google Scholar
Fowler, P. 1976. US Archaeology through British eyes, Antiquity 50: 23032.Google Scholar
Fulford, M., Champion, T. & Lang, A. (ed.). 1997. England’s coastal heritage. London: English Heritage. Archaeological report 15.Google Scholar
Fulford, M. & Huddlestone, K.. 1991. Romano British pottery studies. London: English Heritage.Google Scholar
Fraser, D. 1984. England’s archaeological resource. London: DoE.Google Scholar
Frere, S.S. 1975. Principles of publication in rescue archaeology. London: Ancient Monuments Board for England Committee for Rescue Archaeology.Google Scholar
Friell, G. 1991. Archaeology and the Trunk Roads Programme. London: English Heritage.Google Scholar
Gingell, C. 1976. Archaeology in the Wiltshire countryside. Devizes.Google Scholar
Glazebrook, J. (ed.). 1997. Research and archaeology: a framework for the eastern counties. 1. Resource assessment. Scole: East Anglian Archaeology. Occasional paper 3.Google Scholar
Goulu, S. & Ayris, I. 1995. Colliery landscapes: an aerial survey of the deep-mined coal industry of England. London: English Heritage.Google Scholar
Hart, M. 1985. The funding of research in science based archaeology in universities and polytechnics. Swindon: Science and Engineering Research Council.Google Scholar
Heighway, CM. 1972. The erosion of history. Archaeology and planning in towns. London: CBA.Google Scholar
Heritage Lottery Fund. 1998. Archaeology guidance notes. London: HLF.Google Scholar
HBMC (Historic Buildings & Monuments Commission for England). 1986. Preservation by record. The work of the Central Excavation Unit 1975–85. London: English Heritage.Google Scholar
House of Commons. 1987. First report from the Environment Committee. Session 1986–87. Historic Buildings and Ancient Monuments. House of Commons, 146 IIII.Google Scholar
Hughes, M. 1975. The small towns of Hampshire. Southampton.Google Scholar
IFA. 1992. Guidelines for finds work. Birmingham: IFA.Google Scholar
IFA. 1994. Standards and guidance for archaeological desk-based assessments/archaeological field evaluations/archaeological field evaluations/archaeological watching briefs/archaeological excavations. Birmingham: IFA.Google Scholar
Jefferies, J.S. 1977. Excavation records. Techniques in use by the Central Excavation Unit. London: DAMHB. Occasional papers 1.Google Scholar
Johnson, N. & Rose, P.. 1994. Bodmin Moor. An archaeological survey 1: the human landscape to c. 1800. London: English Heritage. Archaeological Report 24/RCHM England Supplementary series 11.Google Scholar
Jones, G.D.B. 1973. Crisis in archaeology, Journal of Environmental Planning and Pollution Control 1(3): 5063.Google Scholar
Kristiansen, K. 1996. Old boundaries and new frontiers. Reflections on the identity of archaeology, Current Swedish Archaeology 4: 10322.Google Scholar
Lane, J. & S. Vaughan. 1992. An evaluation of the impact of PPG-16 on archaeology and planning. London: Pagoda Projects.Google Scholar
Leech, R. 1977. The Upper Thames Valley in Gloucestershire and Wiltshire: an archaeological survey of the river gravels. Bristol: CRAAGS.Google Scholar
Mallory, J. 1987. The saving of Navan, Antiquity 61: 646.Google Scholar
Mellor, M. 1994. Medieval ceramic studies in England. A review for English Heritage. London: English Heritage.Google Scholar
Morris, R. 1993. Archaeology – a casualty of the market? British Archaeological News 8: 13.Google Scholar
Miles, D. & Fowler, P.J.. 1972. Tewkesbury: the archaeological implications of development. Tewkesbury.Google Scholar
Museums & Galleries Commission. 1986. Eligibility criteria for the grant aided storage of excavation archives. London: MGC.Google Scholar
O’keefe, P.J. 1993. The new European Convention 1, Antiquity 67: 40613.Google Scholar
Olivier, A. 1996. Frameworks for our past. A review of research frameworks, strategies and perceptions. London: English Heritage.Google Scholar
O’neil, B.H. St, J. 1952. Internal Memorandum by Chief Inspector of Ancient Monuments, 12 March 1952.Google Scholar
Orrell, J. & Gurr, A. 1989. What the Rose can tell us, Antiquity 63: 4219.Google Scholar
Ove Arup and Partners & York University. 1991. York development and archaeology study. York: City Council/ Manchester: English Heritage.Google Scholar
Peacock, D.P.S. 1998. The archaeology of stone. London: English Heritage.Google Scholar
Ralston, I. & Thomas, A. (ed.) 1993. Environmental assessment and archaeology. Birmingham: IFA. Occasional paper 5.Google Scholar
Rahtz, P.A. (ed.). 1974. Bescue archaeology. Harmondsworth: Penguin.Google Scholar
RCHME (Royal Commission on Historical Monuments (England)). 1960. A matter of time. London: HMSO.Google Scholar
RCHME (Royal Commission on Historical Monuments (England)). 1963. Monuments threatened or destroyed. A select list: 1956–1962. London: HMSO.Google Scholar
RCHME (Royal Commission on Historical Monuments (England)). 1969. Peterborough New Town. A survey of the antiquities in the areas of development. London: HMSO.Google Scholar
RCHME (Royal Commission on Historical Monuments (England)). 1978. Survey of surveys 1978. A review of local archaeological field survey and recording. London.Google Scholar
RCHME (Royal Commission on Historical Monuments (England)). 1993. Recording England’s past. A review of national and local Sites and Monuments Records in England. London: RCHME.Google Scholar
RCHME/ALGAO/ENGLISH HERITAGE. 1998. Unlocking the past for the new millennium. Swindon: RCHME.Google Scholar
Rescue/Council for British Archaeology. 1974. Archaeology and Government. A plan for archaeology in Britain. London.Google Scholar
Roberts, M.B. & S.A. Parfitt. 1999. Boxgrove. A middle pleistocene hominid site at Eartham Quarry, Boxgrove, West Sussex. London: English Heritage. Archaeological report 17.Google Scholar
Rodwell, K. (ed.). 1975. Historic towns in Oxfordshire: a survey of the new county. Oxford.Google Scholar
Roger Tym and Partners & Pagoda Associates Ltd. 1995. Review of the implementation of PPG-16 Archaeology and Planning. London: English Heritage.Google Scholar
Schofield, J. 1994. Looking back with regret; looking forward with optimism : making more of surface lithic scatter sites, in Ashton, N. & David, A. (ed.), Stories in stone: 8088. Lithic Studies Society. Occasional paper 4,.Google Scholar
Scottish Office. 1994a. National Planning Policy Guideline 5, archaeology and planning. Edinburgh: HMSO.Google Scholar
Scottish Office. 1994b. Planning Advice Note 42, archaeologythe planning process and scheduled monument procedures. Edinburgh: HMSO.Google Scholar
Selkirk, A. 1997. Who owns the past? A grass roots critique of heritage policy. London: Adam Smith Institute.Google Scholar
Siiarples, N.M. 1991. Maiden Castle. Excavations and Field Survey 1985–86. London: English Heritage. Archaeological report 19.Google Scholar
Shoesmith, R. 1974. The City of Hereford: archaeology and development. Birmingham.Google Scholar
Stewart, M.E.C. & Thomas, L.M.. 1976. It will soon be too late: an archaeological survey of Perth. Perth.Google Scholar
Stocker, D. 1994. Understanding what we conserve, in Wood, J. (ed.), Buildings archaeology: Applications in practice. Oxford: Oxbow.Google Scholar
Stocker, D. 1995. Choosing industrial monuments, Conservation Bulletin, 27: 89.Google Scholar
Swain, H. 1998. A survey of archaeological archives in England. London: Museums & Galleries Commission/English Heritage.Google Scholar
Thomas, C. 1971. Ethics in archaeology, Antiquity 45: 26874.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomas, C. 1977. After Rescue – what next? The first Beatrice de Cardi lecture 1976. Council for British Archaeology. Privately circulated.Google Scholar
Thomas, R. 1992. Archaeology in London, Conservation Bulletin 16: 89.Google Scholar
Thomas, R. 1993. English Heritage Funding Policies and their impact on research strategy, in Hunter, J. & Ralston, I. (ed.), Archaeological resource management in the United Kingdom – an introduction: 13648. Stroud: Alan Sutton.Google Scholar
Thomas, R. 1995. Curators, clients, contractors, consultants - roles and responsibilities in British Archaeology today. First annual conference of the European Association of Archaeologists, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.Google Scholar
Thomas, R. & G. Andrews. 1995. The management of archaeology projects – theory and practice in the UK, in Cooper, M., Firth, A., Carman, J. & Wheatley, D. (ed.), Managing archaeology: 189207. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Trotzig, G. 1993. The new European Convention II, Antiquity 67: 41415.Google Scholar
University College Cardiff. 1976. Archaeological implications of re-development in historic towns. Urban Research Unit 1973–1976. Cardiff: University College.Google Scholar
University of London Institute of Archaeology. 1943. Conference on the future of archaeology. London: Institute of Archaeology. Occasional paper 5.Google Scholar
Valetta. 1992. European Convention on the protection of the archaeological heritage. (Revised.) Strasbourg. European Treaty Series 143.Google Scholar
Wainwright, G.J. 1971. The excavation of a fortified settlement at Walesland Rath, Pembrokeshire, Britannia 2: 48108.Google Scholar
Wainwright, G.J. 1978. Theory and practice in field archaeology, in Darvill, T., Parkor Pearson, M., Smith, B. & Thomas, R. (ed.), New approaches to our past. An archaeological forum: 1128. Southampton: Southampton University Archaeological Society.Google Scholar
Wainwright, G.J. 1979. Gussage All Saints. An Iron Age settlement in Dorset. London: HMSO. Department of the Environment Archaeological reports 10.Google Scholar
Wainwright, G.J. 1982. An analysis of Central Government (DAMHB): support in 1982/3 for the recording of archaeological sites and landscapes in advance of their destruction. London: DAMHB.Google Scholar
Wainwright, G.J. 1984. The pressure of the past: Presidential Address, Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 50: 122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wainwright, G.J. 1989a. Saving the Rose, Antiquity 63: 43035.Google Scholar
Wainwright, G.J. 1989b. Archaeology and planning, Conservation Bulletin 7: 17.Google Scholar
Wainwright, G.J. 1989. The Henge Monuments. Ceremony and society in prehistoric Britain. London: Thames & Hudson.Google Scholar
Wainwright, G.J. 1992. Managingthe urban archaeological resource. London: English Heritage.Google Scholar
Wainwright, G.J. 1993. The management of change: archaeology and planning, Antiquity 67: 41621.Google Scholar
Wainwright, G.J. 1999. Honor the past and imagine the future, Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 65: 44755.Google Scholar
Wainwright, G.J. 2000. The Stonehenge we deserve, Antiquity 74: 33442.Google Scholar
Wainwright, G.J. & Cunliffe, B.W.. 1985. Maiden Castle: excavation, education and entertainment? Antiquity 59: 97100.Google Scholar
Wainwright, G.J. & Davies, S.M.. 1995. BalksburyCamp, Hampshire. Excavations 1973 and 1981. London: English Heritage. Archaeological report 4.Google Scholar
Walsh, D. 1969. Report of the Committee of Enquiry into the arrangements for the protection of field monuments 1966–68. London: HMSO.Google Scholar
Wessex Archaeology. 2000. Beneath the surface. Salisbury: Wessex Archaeology.Google Scholar
Welsh Office. 1996. Planning and the Historic Environment: Archaeology. Welsh Office Circular 90/96.Google Scholar
Willems, W.J.H. 1999. The future of European archaeology. Oxford: Oxbow. Lecture 4, Archaeology in Britain Conference 1997.Google Scholar
Willems, W.J.H. 2000. Challenges for European archaeology. Report on the inaugural meeting of the Europae Archaeologiae Consilium at the Council of Europe. Amsterdam: Netherlands Ministry of Education, Culture and Science.Google Scholar
Williams, J. & N. Brown. 1999. Greater Thames Estuary. An archaeological research framework. Chelmsford: English Heritage, Essex County Council, Kent County Council and Thames Estuary Partnership.Google Scholar
Williams, T. 1996. Archaeology and English Heritage: agenda for the future, for discussion. London: English Heritage.Google Scholar
Williams, T. 1999. Implementation plan for exploring our past 1998. London: English Heritage.Google Scholar
Wymer, J. 1999. The Lower Palaeolithic occupation of Britain. London: Wessex Archaeology/English Heritage.Google Scholar