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International Peoples’ Tribunals in Asia: Political Theatre, Juridical Farce, or Meaningful Intervention?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 November 2013

Gabrielle SIMM  and
Andrew BYRNES
Gabrielle SIMM
Affiliation:
University of New South Wales, Australiag.simm@unsw.edu.au
Andrew BYRNES
Affiliation:
University of New South Wales, Australiaandrew.byrnes@unsw.edu.au
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Abstract

Since the 1960s, over eighty international peoples’ tribunals have been established outside formal state and international structures. Many have drawn on the forms and procedures of state-sponsored international tribunals and investigated whether states, international organizations, and transnational corporations have violated established norms of international law, while also seeking to infuse it with more progressive values. This paper first provides an overview of the history of international peoples’ tribunals in Asia, then examines three tribunals that have focused on situations in Asia. We argue that not only do peoples’ tribunals respond to a perceived gap in official structures of accountability, but they also perform other functions. These include building solidarity and networks, and recording and memorializing otherwise unacknowledged experiences. Further, such tribunals not only engage in holding states and others accountable informally but also articulate claims about the right of civil society to “own”, interpret, and develop international law.

Type
Articles
Information
Asian Journal of International Law , Volume 4 , Issue 1 , January 2014 , pp. 103 - 124
Copyright
Copyright © Asian Journal of International Law 2013 

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Footnotes

*

Senior Research Associate, Australian Human Rights Centre, Faculty of Law, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.

**

Professor of Law, Australian Human Rights Centre, Faculty of Law, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.

#

This paper is based on research supported under the Australian Research Council's Discovery Projects funding scheme (DP 110101594). An earlier version of this paper was presented at the Australian and New Zealand Society of International Law and Asian Society of International Law Joint Conference on International Law and Justice, Sydney, 25 October 2012. The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Gianni Tognoni and Simona Fraudatario of the Permanent Peoples’ Tribunal of the Lelio Basso International Foundation in facilitating the conduct of research for this paper.

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109. For example, evidence introduced in the Session on the Permanent Peoples’ Tribunal on the European Union and Transnational Corporations in Latin America (Madrid, 14–15 May 2010) was filed with OECD contact points in Argentina and used in litigation in the US, UK, and Peru: Marcelo SAGUIER, “The Potential of Peoples’ Tribunals in Latin America to Pressure TNCs into Adopting Human Rights Responsibilities” (2010) Documento de Trabajo No. 41 Area de Relaciones Internacionales, FLASCO/Argentina, 19–20.

110. For example, the Session on the agrochemical industry “indicted” the six largest agrochemical TNCs—Monsanto, Dow, DuPont, Syngenta, Bayer, and BASF—for human rights violations: Permanent Peoples’ Tribunal, Session on Agrochemical Transnational Corporations, Bangalore, 3–6 December 2011, online: 〈http://www.internazionaleleliobasso.it/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/37.-English-version_TPP_Bangalore3Dec2011.pdf〉. Even if litigation had been brought against these corporations in their home states of the US, Switzerland, and Germany, it is unclear whether claims of human rights violations could have been brought against corporations.

111. For example, many peoples’ tribunals come from perspectives that are concerned about the injustices that result from globalization and the imbalances of political and economic power, and are critical of the role of international legal structures and norms that permit or even encourage such developments. One example is the role played by international law protecting intellectual property rights and the adverse impact this is claimed to have had on farmers and agriculture in developing countries, a theme explored at the Permanent Peoples’ Tribunal on Agrochemical Transnational Corporations in Bangalore, 2011.

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