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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 10 February 2009
1 For practical reasons Leo XIII tolerated a mild form of separation. However, he explicitly condemned the “radical” or hostile “version.” See Immortale Dei.
2 Joseph II had established general seminaries for the secular clergy which were operated by the government. The clergy were prohibited from attending the Collegium Germanicum at Rome.
3 Ferdinand, Maass, Josephinism. In Fontes Rerum Austriacarum, Diplomataria et Acta, Vol. VII (Vienna: Herold, 1953).Google Scholar
4 For a good work on Hofbauer's influence, see Rudolf, Till, Hofbauer und sein Kreis (Vienna: Herold, 1952).Google Scholar