Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-t5tsf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-15T03:13:34.825Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Is subcortical vision necessarily mediated by the superior colliculus?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 February 2010

C. R. Legg
C. R. Legg*
Affiliation:
The Psychology Unit, Department of Social Science and Humanities, The City University, London ECIV OHB, England
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Open Peer Commentary
Information
Behavioral and Brain Sciences , Volume 6 , Issue 3 , September 1983 , pp. 455
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1983

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Apkarian, P. (1983) Visual training after long term deprivation; a case report. International Journal of Neuroscience, in press. [PBR]Google Scholar
Avant, L. L. (1965) Vision in the ganzfeld. Psychological Bulletin 64: 246–58. [taJC]10.1037/h0022208 5318040 Google Scholar
Bach-y-Rita, P. (1972) Brain mechanisms in sensory substitution. Academic Press. [PBR]Google Scholar
Bach-y-Rita, P. (1980) Brain plasticity as a basis for therapeutic procedures. In: Recovery of function: Theoretical considerations for brain injury rehabilitation, ed. Bach-y-Rita, P., pp. 225–69. University Park Press. [PBR]Google Scholar
Bach-y-Rita, P. (1981) Brain plasticity as a basis of the development of rehabilitation procedures for hemiplegia. Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation 13:73–83. [PBR]Google Scholar
Bach-y-Rita, P., Collins, C. C., Saunders, F., White, B. & Scadden, L. (1969) Vision substitution by tactile image projection. Nature 221: 963–64. [PBR]10.1038/221963a0 5818337 Google Scholar
Barbur, J. L., Ruddock, K. H. & Waterfield, V. A. (1980) Human visual responses in the absence of the geniculo-calcarine projection. Brain 103:905–28. [JLB. BB, tarJC].10.1093/brain/103.4.905 7437894 Google Scholar
Barlow, H. B. (1980) Cortical function: A tentative theory and preliminary tests. In: Neural mechanisms in behaviour, ed. McFadden, D., pp. 143–71. Springer-Verlag. [taJC]Google Scholar
Barnet, A. B., Manson, J. I., & Wilner, E. (1970) Acute cerebral blindness in childhood. Six cases studied clinically and electrophysiologically. Neurology (N.Y.) 20:1147–56. [RS]5529902 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bender, M. B. & Krieger, H. P. (1951) Visual function in perimetrically blind fields. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry 65:72–79. [taJC, OM]Google Scholar
Bender, M. B. & Teuber, H.-L. (1946) Phenomena of fluctuation, extinction and completion in visual perception. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry 55:627–58. [taJC]Google Scholar
Benevento, L. A. & Rezak, M. (1976) The cortical projections of the inferior pulvinar and adjacent lateral pulvinar in the rhesus monkey (Macacamulatta): An autoradiographic study. Brain Research 108: 1–24. [PP]10.1016/0006-8993(76)90160-8 819095 Google Scholar
Benevento, L. A. & Standage, C. (1982). Demonstration of lack of dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus input to extrastriate areas MT and visual 2 in the macaque monkey. Brain Research 252:161–66. [rJC]10.1016/0006-8993(82)90991-X 7172018 Google Scholar
Benevento, L. A. & Yoshida, K. (1981). The afferent and efferent organization of the lateral geniculo-prestriate pathways in the macaque monkey. Journal of Comparative Neurology 203: 455–74. [rJC, LW]10.1002/cne.902030309 6274921 Google Scholar
Benton, S., Levy, I. & Swash, M. (1980) Vision in the temporal crescent in occipital infarction. Brain 103:83–97. [OM]10.1093/brain/103.1.83 7363060 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Blochert, P. K., Ferrier, R. J. & Cooper, R. M. (1976) Effects of pretectal lesions on rats wearing light diffusing occluders. Brain Research 104:121–28. [CRL]10.1016/0006-8993(76)90651-X 1247897 Google Scholar
Bodis-Wollner, I., Atkin, A., Raab, E. & Wolkstein, M. (1977) Visual association cortex and vision in man: Pattern-evoked occipital potentials in a blind boy. Science 198:629–31. [OM, RS]10.1126/science.918658 918658 Google Scholar
ter, Braak J. W. G., Schenk, V. W. D. & van, Vliet A. G. M. (1971) Visual reactions in a case of long-lasting cortical blindness. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 34:140–47. [taJC]Google Scholar
Bridgeman, B., Kirch, M. & Sperling, A. (1981) Segregation of cognitive and motor aspects of visual function using induced motion. Perception and Psychophysics 29: 336–42. [BB]7279556 Google Scholar
Bridgeman, B., Lewis, S., Heit, G. & Nagle, M. (1979) Relation between cognitive and motor-oriented systems of visual position perception. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 5:692–700. [BB]10.1037/0096-1523.5.4.692 528967 Google Scholar
Bridgeman, B. & Staggs, D. (1982) Plasticity in human blindsight. Vision Research 22:1199–1203. [BB, rJC, LW, RW]10.1016/0042-6989(82)90085-2 7147730 Google Scholar
Brindley, G. S., Gautier-Smith, P. C. & Lewin, W. (1969) Cortical blindness and the functions of the non-geniculate fibres of the optic tracts. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 32: 259–64. [taJC, OM]Google Scholar
Campion, J., Latto, R. & Smith, Y. M. (1982) Blindsight: Extra-striate vision or artefact? Abstract of paper presented at the Fifth INS European Conference, Deauville, France, 06 16–18. [taJC]Google Scholar
Carnap, R. (1954) Testability and meaning. Whitlock. [RW]Google Scholar
Carnap, R. (1956) The methodological character of theoretical concepts. In: Minnesota studies in the philosophy of science, vol. 1, ed. Feigl, H. & Scriven, M., pp. 38–76. University of Minnesota Press. [RW]Google Scholar
Celesia, G. G., Archer, C. R., Kuroiwa, Y. & Goldfader, P. R. (1980) Visual function of the extrageniculo-calcarimse system in man. Relationship to cortical blindness. Archives of Neurology 37:704–6. [OM, RS]7436812 Google Scholar
Celesia, G. G., Polcyn, R. D., Holden, J. E., Nickles, R. J., Gatley, J. S. & Koeppe, R. A. (1982) Visual evoked potentials and positron emission tomographic mapping of regional cerebral blood flow and cerebral metabolism: Can the neuronal potential generators be visualized? Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology-EEG Journal 54:243–56. [RS]10.1016/0013-4694(82)90174-2 Google Scholar
Chow, K. L. & Stewart, D. L. (1972) Reversal of structural and functional effects of long-term visual deprivation in cats. Experimental Neurology 34:409–33. [PBR]10.1016/0014-4886(72)90038-6 5022786 Google Scholar
Corso, J. F. (1967) The experimental psychology of sensory behaviour. Holt, Rinehart & Winston. [taJC, RNH, GU]Google Scholar
Cowey, A. (1961) Perimetry in monkeys. Ph.D. thesis, University of Cambridge. [LW]Google Scholar
Cowey, A. (1967) Perimetric study of field defects in monkeys after cortical and retinal ablations. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 19: 232–45. [rJC, AC, LW]10.1080/14640746708400098 4965358 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cowey, A. & Weiskrantz, L. (1963) A perimetric study of visual field defects in monkeys. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 15:91–115. [LW]10.1080/17470216308416561 Google Scholar
Cynader, M. & Berman, N. (1972) Receptive field organization of monkey superior colliculus. Journal of Neurophysiology 35:187–201. [ MTP]4623918 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dean, P. (1978) Visual acuity in hooded rats: Effects of superior collicular or posterior neocortical lesions. Brain Research 156: 17–31. [CRL]10.1016/0006-8993(78)90076-8 568019 Google Scholar
Dennett, D. C. (1978a) Brainstorms. Bradford Books. [RP]Google Scholar
Dennett, D. C. (1978b) Towards a cognitive theory of consciousness. In: Brainstorms. Bradford Books. [AM]Google Scholar
De, Valois R., Morgan, H., Polson, M., Mead, W. & Hull, E. (1974) Psychophysical studies of monkey vision. I. Macaque luminosity and color vision tests. Vision Research 14:53–67. [MTP]10.1016/0042-6989(74)90116-3 4204837 Google Scholar
De, Valois R., Morgan, H. & Snodderly, D. (1974) Psychophysical studies of monkey vision. III. Spatial luminance contrast sensitivity tests of macaque and human observers. Vision Research 14:75–81. [MTP]10.1016/0042-6989(74)90118-7 4204839 Google Scholar
Dineen, J. & Keating, E. G. (1981) The primate visual system after bilateral removal of striate cortex. Experimental Brain Research 41:338–45. [taJC, PP]10.1007/BF00238891 Google Scholar
Dixon, N. F. (1970) Subliminal perception: The nature of a controversy. McGraw-Hill. [taJC]Google Scholar
Donovan, H. C., Weale, R. A. & Wheeler, C. (1978) The perimeter as a monitor of glaucomatous changes. British Journal of Ophthalmology 62:705–8. [RAW]10.1136/bjo.62.10.705 708672 Google Scholar
Doty, R. W. (1973) Ablation of visual areas in the central nervous system. In: handbook of sensory physiology, vol. VII/3B, Visual centers in the brain, ed. Jung, R., pp. 483–541. Springer-Verlag. [taJC]Google Scholar
Ellenberger, C. Jr, (1980) Perimetry: Principles, technique and interpretation. Raven Press. [taJC]Google Scholar
Feinberg, T., Pasik, P. & Pasik, T. (1977) Visually mediated space localization in monkeys without striate cortex. Federation Proceedings 36:507. [PP]Google Scholar
Feinberg, T. E., Pasik, T. & Pasik, P. (1978) Extrageniculostriate vision in the monkey. VI. Visually guided accurate reaching behavior. Brain Research 152:422–28. [PP]10.1016/0006-8993(78)90276-7 98218 Google Scholar
Fischler, I. & Goodman, G. O. (1978) Latency of associative activation in memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 4:455–70. [GU]10.1037/0096-1523.4.3.455 Google Scholar
Frank, Y. & Torres, F. (1979) Visual evoked potentials in the evaluation of “cortical blindness” in children. Annals of Neurology 6:126–29. [RS]10.1002/ana.410060208 496406 Google Scholar
Fries, W. (1981) The projection from the lateral geniculate nucleus to the prestriate cortex of the macaque monkey. Proceedings of the Royal Society, London, B, 213:73–80. [EP, LW].10.1098/rspb.1981.0054 Google Scholar
Frost, D. & Pöppel, E. (1976) Different programming modes of human saccadic eye movements as a function of stimulus eccentricity: Indications of a functional subdivision of the visual field. Biological Cybernetics 23:39–48. [EP]10.1007/BF00344150 953086 Google Scholar
Fukada, Y. & Saito, H. (1971) The relation between response characteristics to flicker stimulation and receptive field organizatioms in the cat's optic nerve fibres. Vision Research 11: 227–40. [BB, rJC]10.1016/0042-6989(71)90187-8 5579838 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gassel, M. M. & Williams, D. (1963) Visual function in patiemsts with homoisymous hemianopia. III. The completion phenomenon; insight and attitude to the defect; and visual functional efficiency. Brain 86:229–60. [OM]10.1093/brain/86.2.229 13946751 Google Scholar
Giolli, R. A. & Towns, L. C. (1980) A review of axon collateralizatioms in the mammalian visual system. Brain, Behavior and Evolution 17:364–90. [PP]Google Scholar
Goldberg, M. E. & Robinson, D. L. (1978) Visual system: Superior colliculus. In: Handbook of behavioral neurobiology, vol. 1, Sensory integration, ed. Masterton, R. B., pp. 119–64. Plenum Press. [taJC]Google Scholar
Goldberg, M. E. & Wurtz, R. H. (1972) Activity of superior colliculus in behaving monkey. 1. Visual receptive fields of single neurons. Journal of Neurophysiology 35:542–59. [rJC, MTP]4624739 Google Scholar
Goodale, M. A., Foreman, N. P. & Milner, A. D. (1978) Visual orientation in the rat: A dissociation of deficits following cortical and collicular lesions. Experimental Brain Research 31: 445–57. [CRL]10.1007/BF00237301 Google Scholar
Goodale, M. A. & Murison, R. C. (1975) The effects of lesions of the superior colliculus on locomotor orientation and the orienting reflex in the rat. Brain Research 88:243–61. [CRL]10.1016/0006-8993(75)90388-1 1148825 Google Scholar
Gouras, P. (1968) Identification of cone mechanisms in monkey ganglion cells. Journal of Physiology 199: 533–47. [BB]4974745 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Graham, C. H. (1965) Some fundamental data. In: Vision and visual perception, ed. Graham, C. H., pp. 68–80. Wiley. [taJC]Google Scholar
Haber, R. N. & Hershenson, M. (1980) The psychology of visual perception. Holt, Rinehart & Winston. [RNH]Google Scholar
Hale, P. T. & Sefton, A. J. (1978) A comparison of the visual and electrical properties of cells of the dorsal and ventral lateral geniculate nuclei. Brain Research 153:591–600. [CRL]10.1016/0006-8993(78)90343-8 698797 Google Scholar
Harnad, S. (1982) Consciousness: An afterthought. Cognition and Brain Theory 5:29–47. [JE]Google Scholar
Harting, J. K., Casagrande, V. A. & Weber, J. T. (1978) The projection of the primate superior colliculus upon the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus: Autoradiographic demonstration of interlaminar distribution of tectogeniculate axons. Brain Research 150:593–99. [PP]10.1016/0006-8993(78)90822-3 79427 Google Scholar
Hécaen, H. & Albert, M. L. (1978) Human neuropsychology. Wiley. [taJC]Google Scholar
Held, R. (1968) Dissociation of visual functions by deprivation and rearrangement. Psychologische Forschung 31:338–48. [BB]10.1007/BF00422718 Google Scholar
Held, R. (1970) Two modes of processing spatially distributed visual stimulation. In: The neurosciences: Second study program, ed. Schmidt, F. O., pp. 317–24. Rockefeller University Press. [RNH[Google Scholar
Hess, C. W., Meienberg, O. & Ludin, H. P. (1982) Visual evoked potentials in acute occipital blindness. Diagnostic amsd prognostic value. Journal of Neurology 227:193–200. [OM]10.1007/BF00313386 6183405 Google Scholar
Hine, M. L. (1918) The recovery of fields of vision in concussion injuries of the occipital cortex. British Journal of Ophthalmology 2:12–25. [taJC]10.1136/bjo.2.1.12 18167738 Google Scholar
Holmes, G. (1918) Disturbances of vision by cerebral lesions. British Journal of Ophthalmology 2:353–84. [taJC]10.1136/bjo.2.7.353 18167806 Google Scholar
Horel, J. A. (1968) Effects of sub-cortical lesions on brightness discrimination acquired by rats without visual cortex. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 65:103–7. [CRL]10.1037/h0025393 5648441 Google Scholar
Horel, J. A., Bettinger, L. A., Royce, G. J. & Meyer, D. R. (1966) Role of neocortex in the learning and relearning of two visual habits by the rat. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 61:66–78. [CRL]10.1037/h0022857 5948229 Google Scholar
Humphrey, N. K. (1970) What the frog's eye tells the monkey's brain. Brain, Behaviour and Evolution 3:324–37. [tarJC]Google Scholar
Humphrey, N. K. (1980) Nature's psychologists. In: Consciousness and the physical world, ed. Josephson, B. D. & Ramachandran, V. S.. Pergamon Press. [GU]Google Scholar
Humphrey, N. K. & Weiskrantz, L. (1967) Vision in monkeys after removal of the striate cortex. Nature 215:595–97. [taJC, MTP]10.1038/215595a0 4963569 Google Scholar
Jones, E. J. (1974) The anatomy of extrageniculostniate visual mechanisms. In: The neurosciences. Third study program, ed Schmitt, F. O. & Worden, F. G., pp. 215–27. MIT Press. [PP]Google Scholar
Keating, E. G. (1979) Rudimentary color vision in the monkey after removal of striate and preoceipital cortex. Brain Research 179:379–84. [PP]10.1016/0006-8993(79)90454-2 116717 Google Scholar
Keating, E. G. (1980) Residual spatial vision in the monkey after removal of striate and preoccipital cortex. Brain Research 187:271–90. [PP]10.1016/0006-8993(80)90203-6 6768421 Google Scholar
Keating, E. G. & Dineen, J. (1982) Visuomotor transformations of the primate tectum. In: Analysis of visual behavior, ed. Ingle, D. J., Goodale, M. A. & Mansfield, R. J. W., pp. 335–65. MIT Press. [taJC]Google Scholar
Klüver, H. (1941) Visual functions after removal of the occipital lobes in mats. Journal of Psychology 11:23–45. [taJC]Google Scholar
Koerner, F. & Teuber, H. -L. (1973) Visual field defects after missile injuries to the geniculo-striate pathway in man. Experimental Brain Research 18:88–113. [taJC, OM, PP]10.1007/BF00236558 Google Scholar
Kooi, K. A. & Sharbrough, F. W. (1966) Electrophysiological findings in cortical blindness, Report of a case. Elect roencepholography and Clinical Neurophysiology-EEG Journal 20:260–63. [RS]10.1016/0013-4694(66)90091-5 Google Scholar
Krieger, H. P. & Bender, M. B. (1951) Dark adaptation in perimetrically blind fields. Archives of Ophthalmology 45:625–36. [PP]Google Scholar
Kuffler, S. W. & Nicholls, J. G. (1976) From neuron to brain. Sinauer. [taJC]Google Scholar
Latto, R. (1982) Visual perception and occulomotor areas in the primate brain. In: Analysis of visual behaviour, ed. Ingle, D. J., Goodale, M. A. & Mansfield, R. J. W., pp. 671–91. MIT Press. [rJC]Google Scholar
Legg, C. R. (1977) Do pretectal lesions impair visual discrimination acquisition in rats? Physiology and Behaviour 17:781–86. [CRL]10.1016/0031-9384(77)90183-4 Google Scholar
Legg, C. R. (1981) Behavioural analysis of the recovery of function: The limits of discrimination learning techniques. In: Functional recovery from brain damage. ed. Van Hof, M. W. & Mohn, G., pp. 203–8. Elsevier/North Holland Biomedical Press. [CRL]Google Scholar
Legg, C. R. & Cowey, A. (1977a) Effects of subcortical lesions on visual intensity discrimination in rats. Physiology and Behaviour 19:635–46. [CRL]10.1016/0031-9384(77)90038-5 Google Scholar
Legg, C. R. (1977b) The role of the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus and posterior thalamus in intensity discrimination in rats. Brain Research 123:261–73. [CRL]10.1016/0006-8993(77)90478-4 843925 Google Scholar
Legg, C. R. & Turkish, S. (1982) Spatial contrast sensitivity changes after subcortical visual system lesions in the rat. Behavioural Brain Research, in press. [CRL]Google Scholar
Leibowitz, H. W., Rodemer, C. S. & Dichgans, J. (1979) The independence of dynamic spatial orientation from luminance and refractive error. Perception and Psychophysics 25:75–79. [RN H]432101 Google Scholar
Lerman, S. & Borkman, R. (1978) Ultraviolet radiation in the aging and cataractous lens. A survey. Acta Ophthalmnologica 56:139–49. [RAW]10.1111/j.1755-3768.1978.tb00476.x Google Scholar
Magnussen, S. & Torjussen, T. (1974) Sustained visual afterimages. Vision Research 14:743–44. [TT]10.1016/0042-6989(74)90074-1 4420081 Google Scholar
Magoun, H. W., Ranson, W. S. & Mayer, L. L. (1935) The pupillary light reflex after lesions of the posterior commissure in the Cat. American Journal of Ophthalmology 18:624–30. [PP]Google Scholar
Marcel, A. J. (1982) Is cortical blindness a problem of visual consciousness or visual function? Paper presented at the Fifth International Neuropsychological Society European Conference, Deauville, France, 06 16–18. [taJC]Google Scholar
Marquis, D. G. (1935) Phylogenetic interpretation of the functions of the visual cortex. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry 33:807–15. [taJC]Google Scholar
Maaterton, R. B. & Glendenning, K. K. (1978) Phylogeny of the vertebrate sensory systems. In: Handbook of behavioural neurobiology, vol. 1, Sensory integration, ed. Masterton, R. B., pp. 1–38. Plenum Press. [taJC]Google Scholar
Meienberg, O. (1981) Sparing of the temporal crescent in homonymous hemianopia and its significance for visual orientation. Neuroophthalmology 2:129–34. [OM]10.3109/01658108109004931 Google Scholar
Meienberg, O., Zangemeister, W. H., Rosenberg, M., Hoyt, W. F. & Stark, L. (1981) Saccadic eye movement strategies in patients with homonymous hemianopia. Annals of Neurology 9:537–44. [tarJC, OM, JZ]10.1002/ana.410090605 7259115 Google Scholar
Midgley, G. C. & Tees, R. C. (1981) Orienting behaviour by rats with visual cortical and subcortical lesions. Experimental Brain Research 41:316–28. [CRL]10.1007/BF00238889 Google Scholar
Miller, M., Pasik, P. & Pasik, T. (1980) Extrageniculostriate vision in the monkey. VII. Contrast sensitivity functions. Journal of Neurophysiology 43:1510–26. [PP]7411174 Google Scholar
Milner, A. D., Goodale, M. A. & Morton, M. C. (1979) Visual sampling after lesions of the superior colliculus in rats. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 93:1015–23. [CRL]10.1037/h0077638 521517 Google Scholar
Mohler, C. W. & Wurtz, R. H. (1977) Role of striate cortex and superior colliculus in visual guidance of saccadic eye movements in monkeys. Journal of Neurophysiology 40:74–94. [taJC, MTP, LW]401874 Google Scholar
Mort, E., Cairns, S., Hersch, H. & Finlay, B. (1980) The role of the superior colliculus in visually guided locomotor and visual orienting in the hamster. Physiological Psychology 8:20–28. [PP]Google Scholar
Natsoulas, T. (1982) Conscious perception and the paradox of “blind-sight.” In: Aspects of consciousness, vol. 3, ed. Underwood, G.. Academic Press. [GU]Google Scholar
Neiaser, U. (1966) Cognitive psychology. Appleton-Century-Crofts. [taJC]Google Scholar
Paillard, J. (1982) Le Corps et ses langages d'espace. In: Le corps enpsychiatrie, ed. Jeddi, E., pp. 53–69. Masson. [AC]Google Scholar
Pasik, P. & Pasik, T. (1964) Oculomotor function in monkeys with lesions of the cerebrum and the superior colliculi. In: The oculomotor system, ed. Bender, M. B., pp. 40–80. Hoeber. [PP]Google Scholar
Pasik, P. (1973) Extrageniculostriate vision in the monkey. V. Role of the accessory optic system. Journal of Neurophysiology 36:450–57. [PP]4633362 Google Scholar
Pasik, P. (1982) Visual functions in monkeys after total removal of visual cerebral cortex. In: Contributions to sensory physiology. vol. 7, ed. Neff., W. D. pp. 147–200. Academic Press. [PP]Google Scholar
Pasik, P., Pasik, T. & Schildcr, P. (1969) Extrageniculostriate vision in the monkey: Discrimination of luminous flux-equated figures. Experimental Neurology 24:421–38. [PP]10.1016/0014-4886(69)90146-0 4979315 Google Scholar
Pasik, T. & Pasik, P. (1971) The visual world of monkeys deprived of striate cortex: Effective stimulus parameters and the importance of the accessory optic system. In: Visual processes in vertebrates, Vision Research Supplement no. 3, ed. Shipley, T. & Dowling, J. E., pp. 419–35. Pergamon Press. [PP]Google Scholar
Pasik, T. (1973) Extrageniculostriate vision in the monkey. IV. Critical structures for light vs. no-light discrimination. Brain Research 56:165–82. [PP]10.1016/0006-8993(73)90333-8 4197646 Google Scholar
Pasik, T. (1975) Experimental models of oculomotor dysfunction in the rhesus monkey. In: Primate models of neurological disorders, Advances in Neurology, vol. 10, ed. Meldrum, B. S. & Marsden, C. D., pp. 77–89. Raven Press. [PP]Google Scholar
Pasik, T. (1980) Extrageniculostriate vision in primates. Neuro-Ophthalmology 1:95–119. [PP. LW]10.3109/01658108009004904 Google Scholar
Pasik, T., Pasik, P. & Bender, M. B. (1966) The superior colliculi and eye movements. An experimental study in the monkey. Archives of Neurology 15:420–36. [PP]4958014 Google Scholar
Pasik, T. (1969) The pretectal syndrome in monkeys. II. Spontaneous and induced nystagmus and “lightning” eye movements. Brain 92:871–84. [PP]10.1093/brain/92.4.871 4983246 Google Scholar
Pasik, T., Pasik, P., Schilder, P. & Wininger, J. (1973) Extrageniculostriate vision in the monkey: Effect of circumstriate cortex or superior colliculi ablations. Excerpta Medica, International Congress Series no. 296:201–2. [PP]Google Scholar
Perenin, M. T. (1978) Visual fuisction within the hamianopic field following early cerebral hemidecortication in man. II. Pattern discrimination. Neuropsychologia 16:697–708. [taJC]10.1016/0028-3932(78)90004-0 748806 Google Scholar
Perenin, M. T. & Jeannerod, M. (1975) Residual vision in cortically blind hemifields. Neuropsychologia 13:1–7.[taJC]10.1016/0028-3932(75)90041-X 1109450 Google Scholar
Perenin, M. T. (1978) Visual function within the hemianopic field following early cerebral hemidecortication in man. I. Spatial localisation. Neuropsychologia 16:1–13. [tarJC, MTP, RW]10.1016/0028-3932(78)90037-4 634453 Google Scholar
Perenin, M. T., Ruel, J. & Hécaen, H. (1980) Residual visual capacities in a case of cortical blindness. Cortex 16:605–12. [taJC, OM, RW]7226857 Google Scholar
Polyak, S. (1957) The vertebrate visual system. Edited by Klüver, H.. University of Chicago Press. [MTP]Google Scholar
Pöppel, E. (1977) Midbrain mechanisms in human vision. In: Neurosciences research program bulletin, vol. 15, Neuronal mechanisms in visual perception, ed. Pöppel, E., Held, R. & Dowling, J. E., pp. 335–43. MIT Press, [taJC, EP]Google Scholar
Pöppel, E., Brinkmann, R., von, Cramon D. & Singer, W. (1978) Association and dissociation of visual functions in a case of bilateral occipital lobe infarction. Archiv für Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten 225:1–21. [EP]10.1007/BF00367348 306239 Google Scholar
Pöppel, E., Held, R. & Frost, D. (1973) Residual visual function after brain wounds involving the central visual pathways in man. Nature 243:295–96. [tarJC, EP, JZ].10.1038/243295a0 4774871 Google Scholar
Pöppel, E. & Richards, W. (1974) Light sensitivity in cortical scotoma contralateral to small islands of blindness. Experimental Brain Research 21:125–30. [EP, WR]Google Scholar
Poppelreuter, W. (1917) Die psychischen Schädigungen durch Kopfschluss im Kriege 1914–1916: die Störungen der niederen und höheren Schleistungen durch Verletzungen des Okzipitalhirns. Voss. [TT]Google Scholar
Potts, A. M., Hodges, G., Shelman, C. B., Fritz, K. J., Levy, N. S. & Mangnall, Y. (1972) Morphology of the primate optic nerve. II. Total fiber size distribution and fiber density distribution. Investigative Ophthalmology 11: 989–1003. [MTP]4629436 Google Scholar
Poulton, E. C. (1980) Range effects and asymmetric transfer in studies of motor skills. In: Psychology of motor behavior and sport, ed. Nadeau, C. H. et al. , pp. 339–59. Human Kinetic Publications. [MTP]Google Scholar
Prablanc, C., Echallier, J. F., Komilis, E. & Jeannerod, M. (1979) Optimal response of eye and hand motor systems in pointing at a visual target. I. Spatio-temporal characteristics of eye and hand movements and their relationships when varying the amount of visual information. Biological Cybernetics 35:113–24. [MTP]10.1007/BF00337436 518932 Google Scholar
Regan, D., Regal, D. M. & Tibbles, J. A. R. (1982) Evoked potentials during recovery from blindness recorded serially from an infant and his normally sighted twin. Electroencepholography and Clinical Neurophysiology-EEG Journal 54:465–68. [RS]10.1016/0013-4694(82)90210-3 Google Scholar
Richards, W. (1973) Visual processing in scotomata. Experimental Brain Research 17:333–47. [tsJC, JE, WR]10.1007/BF00234098 Google Scholar
Richards, W. & Pöppel, E. (1972) Sensitization in scotomata symmetric with island of blindness. Second annual meeting of the Society for Neurosciences, Houston. [WR]Google Scholar
Riddoch, G. (1917) Dissociation of visual perceptions due to occipital injuries, with especial reference to appreciation of movement. Brain 40:15–57. [taJC, OM]10.1093/brain/40.1.15 Google Scholar
Rosenthal, R. & Rubin, D. B. (1978) Interpersonal expectancy effects: The first 345 cases. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 1:377–415. [TI]10.1017/S0140525X00075506 S0140525X00075506 Google Scholar
Rozeboom, W. W. (1960) The fallacy of the null-hypothesis significance test. Psychological Bulletin 57:416–28. [taJC]10.1037/h0042040 13744252 Google Scholar
Sanders, M. D. Warrington, E. K., Marshall, J. & Weiskrantz, L. (1974) “Blindsight”: Vision in a field defect. Lancet 04 20:707–8. [taJC, RW]10.1016/S0140-6736(74)92907-9 Google Scholar
Schilder, P., Paik, P. & Pasik, T. (1972) Extrageniculostriate vision in the monkey III. Circle vs triangle and “red vs green” discrimination. Experimental Brain Research 14:436–48. [taJC, PP]10.1007/BF00235038 Google Scholar
Schilder, P., Pasik, T. & Pasik, P. (1971) Extrageniculostriate vision in the monkey. II. Demonstration of brightness discrimination. Brain Research 32:383–98. [PP]10.1016/0006-8993(71)90331-3 5002599 Google Scholar
Schneider, G. E. (1969) Two visual systems. Science 163:895–902. [taJC, PP]10.1126/science.163.3870.895 5763873 Google Scholar
Searle, J. R. (1979) The intentionality of intention and action. Inquiry 22:253–80. [GU]10.1080/00201747908601876 Google Scholar
Sekuler, R. W., Pantle, A. & Levinson, E. (1978) Physiological basis of motion perception. In: Handbook of sensory physiology, vol. 8, Perception, ed. Held, R., Leibowitz, H. W., & Teuber, H.-L., pp. 67–96. Springer-Verlag. [RN H]Google Scholar
Shackel, B. (1967) Eye movement recording by electro-oculography. In: A manual of psychophysiological methods, ed. Venables, P. H. & Martin, I., pp. 299–334. North-Holland Publishing Company. [taJC]Google Scholar
Singer, W., Zihl, J. & Pöppet, E. (1977) Subcortical control of visual thresholds in humans: Evidence of modality specific and retinotopically organized mechanisms of selective attention. Experimental Brain Research 29:173–190. [taJC, EP]10.1007/BF00237040 Google Scholar
Solomon, S. J., Pasik, T. & Pasik, P. (1979) Effects of striate cortex and/or superior colliculi ablations on accurate reaching by monkeys. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 5:808. [PP]Google Scholar
Solomon, S. J., (1981) Extrageniculostriate vision in the monkey. VIII. Critical structures for spatial localization. Experimental Brain Research 44:259–70. [PP. MTP]10.1007/BF00236563 Google Scholar
Spehlmann, R., Gross, R. A., Ho, S. U., Leestma, J. E. & Norcross, K. A. (1977) Visual evoked potentials and postmortem findings in a case of cortical blindness. Annals of Neurology 2:531–34. [OM, RS]10.1002/ana.410020615 569461 Google Scholar
Sperling, G. (1960) The information available in brief visual presentations. Psychological Monographs 74, whole 498. [GU]Google Scholar
Sprague, J. M. (1966) Interaction of cortex and superior colliculus in mediation of visually guided behaviour in the cat. Science 153:1544–47. [taJC, EP, WR]10.1126/science.153.3743.1544 5917786 Google Scholar
Sprague, J. M., Berlucchi, G. & Rizzolatti, G. (1973) The role of the superior colliculus and pretectum in vision and visually guided behaviour. In: Handbook of sensory physiology, vol. VII/3B, Central processing of visual information, ed. Jung, R., pp. 27–101. Springer-Verlag. [CRL]Google Scholar
Stone, J., & Dreher, B. (1982) Parallel processing of information in the visual pathways – a general principle of sensory coding? Trends in Neurosciences 5:441–46. [rJC[10.1016/0166-2236(82)90237-5 Google Scholar
Stone, J. & Fukada, Y. (1974) The naso-temporal division of the cat's retina re-examined in terms of W-, X- and Y- cells. Journal of Comparative Neurology 155:377–94. [rJC]10.1002/cne.901550402 4847732 Google Scholar
Swets, J. A., Tanner, W. P. Jr, & Birdsall, T. G. (1961) Decision processes in perception. Psychological Review 68:301–40. [taJC]10.1037/h0040547 13774292 Google Scholar
Teuber, H.-L. (1955) Physiological psychology. Annual Review of Psychology 6:267–96. [PP]10.1146/annurev.ps.06.020155.001411 14377367 Google Scholar
Torjussen, T. (1976) Residual function in cortically blind hemifields. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 17:320–22. [rJC, TT]10.1111/j.1467-9450.1976.tb00247.x 1013654 Google Scholar
Torjussen, T. (1978) Visual processing in cortically blind hemifields. Neuropsychologia 16:15–21. [tarJC, TT]10.1016/0028-3932(78)90038-6 634459 Google Scholar
Trevarthen, C. (1968) Two mechanisms of vision in primates. Psychologische Forschung 31:299–337. [BB]10.1007/BF00422717 4973634 Google Scholar
Trevarthen, C. (1970) Experimental evidence for a brain stem contribution to visual perception in man. Brain, Behaviour and Evolution 3: 338–52. [taJC]Google Scholar
Underwood, G. (1977) Attention, awareness and hemispheric differences in word recognition. Neuropsychologia 15:61–67. [GU]10.1016/0028-3932(77)90115-4 831154 Google Scholar
Ungerleider, L. G. & Mishkin, M. (1982) Two cortical visual systems. In: Analysis of visual behavior, ed. Ingle, D. J., Goodale, M. A. & Mansfield, R. J. W., pp. 549–86. MIT Press. [RNH]Google Scholar
Weale, R. A. (1957) Some observations on the Ferry-Porter Law. Journal of Physiology 137:50–51P. [RAW]Google Scholar
Weale, R. A. (1978) The eye and aging. Interdisciplinary Topics in Gerontology 13:1–13. [RAW]Google Scholar
Weale, R. A. (1981) Physical changes due to age and cataract. In: Mechanisms of cataract formation in the human lens, ed. Duncan, G.. Academic Press. [RAW]Google Scholar
Weale, R. A. & Wheeler, C. (1977) A note on stray light in the Tübingen perimeter. British Journal of Ophthalmology 61:133–34. [taJC[10.1136/bjo.61.2.133 843510 Google Scholar
Weiskrantz, L. (1972) Behavioural analysis of the monkey's visual nervous system. Proceedings of the Royal Society. London, B, 182:427–55. [LW]10.1098/rspb.1972.0087 Google Scholar
Weiskrantz, L. (1974) The interaction between occipital and temporal cortex in vision: An overview. In: The neurosciences. Third study program, ed. Schmitt, F. O. & Worden, F. G., pp. 189–204. MIT Press. [PP]Google Scholar
Weiskrantz, L. (1980) Varieties of residual experience. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 32:365–86. [tarJC, LW[10.1080/14640748008401832 7422815 Google Scholar
Weiskrantz, L. (1982) A follow-up study of blindsight. Paper presented at the Fifth INS European Conference, Deauville, France, 06 16–18. [taJC]Google Scholar
Weiskrantz, L. & Cowey, A. (1967) A comparison of the effects of striate cortex and retinal lesions on visual acuity in the monkey. Science 155:104–6. [LW]10.1126/science.155.3758.104 4959132 Google Scholar
Weiskrantz, L., Cowey, A. & Passingham, C. (1977) Spatial responses to brief stimuli by monkeys with striate cortex ablations. Brain 100:655–70. [taJC, PP]10.1093/brain/100.4.655 415795 Google Scholar
Weiskrantz, L., Warrington, E. K., Sanders, M. D. & Marshall, J. (1974) Visual capacity in the hemianopic field following a restricted occipital ablation. Brain 97:709–28. [tarJC, PP, MTP, EP, GU, LW, RW]10.1093/brain/97.1.709 4434190 Google Scholar
Werth, R. (in press) Bewuβtsein - psychologische, neurobiologische und wissenschaftstheoretische Aspekte. Springer-Verlag. [RW]Google Scholar
Westheimer, G. (1972) Optical properties of vertebrate eyes. In: Handbook of sensory physiology. vol. 7/2: Physiology of photoreceptor organs. ed. Fuortes, M., pp. 449–82. Springer-Verlag, [BB, rJC]Google Scholar
Williams, D. & Gassel, M. M. (1962) Visual functions in patients with homonymous hemianopia. Brain 85:175–250. [tarJC, JZ]10.1093/brain/85.2.175 14007129 Google Scholar
Wilson, M. E. (1968) The detection of light scattered from stimuli in impaired regions of the visual field. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 31:509–13. [taJC]Google Scholar
Wilson, M. E. & Toyne, M. J. (1970) Retino-tectal and cortico-tectal projections in Macaca mulatta. Brain Research 24:395–406. [PP]10.1016/0006-8993(70)90181-2 4099749 Google Scholar
Wyszecki, G. & Stiles, W. S. (1982) Color science. 2d ed. Wiley. [JLB]Google Scholar
Yoshida, K. & Benevento, L. A. (1981) The projection from the dorsal geniculate of the thalamus to extrastriate visual association cortex in the macaque monkey. Neuroscience Letters 22: 103–8. [EP[10.1016/0304-3940(81)90071-9 6164960 Google Scholar
Yukie, M. & Iwai, E. (1981) Direct projection from the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus to the prestriate cortex in macaqume monkeys. Journal of Comparative Neurology 201:81–97. [EP, LW]10.1002/cne.902010107 7276252 Google Scholar
Zappia, R. J., Enoch, J. M., Stamper, E. R., Winkleman, J. Z. & Gay, A. J. (1971) The Riddoch phenomenon revealed in non-occipital lobe lesions. British Journal of Ophthalmology 55:416–20. [OM]10.1136/bjo.55.6.416 5090280 Google Scholar
Zihi, J. (1980) “Blindsight”: Improvement of visually guided eye movements by systematic practice in patients with cerebral blindness. Neuropsychologia 18:71–77. [talC, GU, JZ]10.1016/0028-3932(80)90085-8 7366825 Google Scholar
Zihi, J. (1981) Recovery of visual functions in patients with cerebral blindness. Experimental Brain Research 44:159–69. [tsJC, RW]Google Scholar
Zihl, J. & von Cramon, D. (1979) Restitution of visual function in patients with cerebral blindness. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 42:312–22. [taJC, PBR, JZ]Google Scholar
Zihl, J. (1980) Registration of light stimuli in the cortically blind hemifield and its effect on localization. Behavioural Brain Research 1:287–98. [taJC, RW]7295378 10.1016/0166-4328(80)90022-4 Google Scholar
Zihl, J. (1982) Restitution of visual field in patients with damage to the geniculostriate visual pathway. Human Neurobiology 1:5–8. [taJC]7185781 Google Scholar