No CrossRef data available.
Article contents
Biologically applied neural networks may foster the coevolution of neurobiology and Cognitive psychology
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 04 February 2010
Abstract
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
- Type
- Open Peer Commentary
- Information
- Copyright
- Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1987
References
Aertsen, A. M. H. J. & Johanncsma, P. I. M. (1981) The spectro-temporal receptive field: A functional characterization of auditory neurons. Biological Cybernetics 42:133–43. [PIMJ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Amari, S. & Arbib, M. A. (1977) Competition and cooperation in neural nets. In: Systems neuroscience, ed. Mctzler, J.. Academic Press. [arMAA]Google Scholar
Antal, M., Matsumoto, N. & Székely, G. (1986) Tectal neurons of the frog: Intracellutar recording and labeling with cobalt electrodes. Journal of Comparative Neurology 246:238–53. [aMAA, NM, GS]Google Scholar
Arbib, M. A. (1970) On modelling the nervous system. In: Principles and practice of bionics, ed. Gierke, H. E. von, Keidel, W. D. & Oestereicher, H. L.. Technivision Services. [rMAA]Google Scholar
Arbib, M. A. (1975) Artificial intelligence and brain theory: Unities and diversities. Annals of Biomedical Engineering 3:238–74. [aMAA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Arbib, M. A. (1981) Perceptual structures and distributed motor control. In: Handbook of physiology – the nervous system II. Motor control, ed. Brooks, V. B.. American Physiological Society. [arMAA]Google Scholar
Arbib, M. A. (1982a) Rana computatrix: An evolving model of visuomotor coordination in frog and toad. In: Machine intelligence 10, ed. Hayes, J. E., Michie, D. & Pao, Y. H.. Ellis Horwood. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Arbib, M. A. (1982b) Modelling neural mechanisms of visuomotor coordination in frog and toad. In: Competition and cooperation in neural nets, ed. Amari, S. & Arbib, M. A.. Lecture notes in biomathematics, vol. 45. Springer-Verlag. [aMAA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arbib, M. A. (1982c) Perceptual-motor processes and the neural basis of language. In: Neural models of language processes, ed. Arbib, M. A., Caplan, D. & Marshall, J. C.Academic Press [rMAA]Google Scholar
Arbib, M. A. (1985) In search of the person: Philosophical explorations in cognitive science. University of Massachusetts Press. [arMAA]Google Scholar
Arbib, M. A. (1987a) Modularity and interaction of brain regions underlying visuo-motor coordination. In: Modularity in knowledge representation and natural language understanding, ed. Garfield, J. L.. MIT Press/Bradford Books. [rMAA]Google Scholar
Arbib, M. A. & Amari, S. (1985) Sensori-motor transformations in the brain (with a critique of the tensor theory of cerebellum). Journal of Theoretical Biology 112:123–55. [aMAA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Arbib, M. A., Boylls, C. C. & Dev, P. (1974) Neural models of spatial perception and the control of movement. In: Cybernetics and bionics, ed. Keidel, W. D., Handler, W. & Spreng, M.. Oldenbourg. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Arbib, M. A. & Caplan, D. (1979) Neurolinguistics must be computational. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2:449–83. [rMAA]Google Scholar
Arbib, M. A., Caplan, D. & Marshall, J. C., eds. (1982) Neural models of language processes. Academic Press. [rMAA]Google Scholar
Arbib, M. A., Conklin, E. J. & Hill, J. C. (1987) From schema theory to language. Oxford University Press. [arMAA]Google Scholar
Arbib, M. A. & Didday, R. L. (1975) Eye movements and visual perception: A “two visual systems” model. International Journal of Man-Machine Studies 7:547–69. [rMAA]Google Scholar
Arbib, M. A. & Hesse, M. B. (1986) The construction of reality. Cambridge University Press. [arMAA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arbib, M. A. & House, D. (1987) Depth and detours: An essay on visually guided behavior. In: Vision, brain, and cooperative computation, ed. Arbib, M. A. & Hanson, A. R.. MIT Press/Bradford Books. [aMAA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arbib, M. A., Iberall, T. & Lyons, D. (1985) Coordinated control programs for movements of the hand. Experimental Brain Research Supplement 10:111–29. [arMAA, HTAW]Google Scholar
Baird, B. (1986a) Nonlinear dynamics of pattern formation and pattern recognition in the rabbit olfactory bulb. In: Proceedings of the Conference on Evolution, Cames and Learning, ed. Farmer, D., Packard, N., Lapedes, A. & Wendroff, B.. Physica 22D. North Holland. [rMAA, BB]Google Scholar
Baird, B. (1986b) Birurcation analysis of oscillating neural network model of pattern recognition in the rabbit olfactory bulb. In: Neural networks for computing, ed. Denker, John. American Institute of Physics Conference Proceedings 151. [rMAA, BB]Google Scholar
Barlow, H. (1953) Summation and inhibition in the frog's retina. Journal of Physiology (London) 119:69–88. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Barlow, H. B., Blakemore, C. & Pettigrew, J. D. (1967) The neural mechanism of binocular depth discrimination. Journal of Physiology 193:327–42. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Barnden, J. A. (1985) Diagrammatic short-term information processing by neural mechanisms. Cognition and Brain Theory 7:285–328. [rMAA, JAB]Google Scholar
Barnden, J. A. (1986) Complex cognitive information processing: A computational architecture with a connectionist implementation. Technical Report 211, Computer Science Department, Indiana University, Bloomington. [rMAA, JAB]Google Scholar
Barto, A. G. (1985) Learning by statistical cooperation of self-interested neuron-like computing elements. Human Neurobiology 4:22956. [rMAA]Google ScholarPubMed
Baynes, K., Holtzman, J. D. & Volpe, B. T. (1986) Components of visual attention. Brain 109:99–114. [JCM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Berkinblit, M. B., Feldman, A. G. & Fukson, O. I. (1986) Adaptability of innate motor patterns and motor control mechanisms. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9:585–638. [rMAA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berti, A., Papagno, C. & Vallar, G. (1986) Balint syndrome: A case of prosopagnosia. talian Journal of Neurology 7:261–64. [JCM]Google Scholar
Bisiach, E. & Luzzatti, C. (1978) Unilateral neglect of representational space. Cortex 14:129–33. [JCM]Google Scholar
Bisiach, E., Perani, D., Vallar, G. & Berti, A. (1986) Unilateral neglect: Personal and extra-personal. Neuropsychologia 24:759–67. [JCM]Google Scholar
Boylls, C. C. (1975) A theory of eerebellar function with applications to locomotion. I. The physiological role of climbing fiber inputs in anterior lobe operation. Technical Report 75C-6, Computer and Information Science Department, University of Massachusetts at Amherst. [arMAA]Google Scholar
Boylls, C. C. (1976) A theory of eerebellar function with applications to locomotion. II. The relation of anterior lobe climbing fiber function to locomotor behavior in the cat. Technical Report 76-1, Computer and Information Science Department, University of Massachusetts at Amherst. [arMAA]Google Scholar
Brachman, R. (1983) What Is-A is and isn't: An analysis of taxonomic links in semantic networks. IEEE Computer 16 (10):3O–36. [rMAA; JKT]Google Scholar
Brachman, R. & Levesque, H., eds. (1985) Readings in knowledge representation. Morgan Kaufrnann. [JKT]Google Scholar
Braitenberg, V. (1965) Taxis, kinesis and decussation. In: Cybernetics of the nervous system, ed. Wiener, N. & Schadé, J. P.. Progress in Brain Research 17:210–22. [rMAA]Google Scholar
Braitenberg, V. (1984) Vehicles: Experiments in synthetic psychology. Bradford Books/MIT Press. [rMAA, DL]Google Scholar
Bullock, T. H. (1983) Implications for neuroethology from comparative neurology. In: Advances in vertebrate neuroethology, ed. Ewert, J.-P., Capranica, R. R. & Ingle, D. J.. Plenum Press. [J-PE]Google Scholar
Burghagen, H. (1979) Der Eiiifluβ von figuralen, visuellen Mustern auf das Beutefangverhalten verschiedener Anuren. Dissertation, University of Kassel. [J-PE]Google Scholar
Caine, H. S. & Gruberg, E. R. (1985) Ablation of nucleus isthmi leads to loss of specific visually elicited behaviors in the frog Rana Pipiens. Neuroscience Letters 54:307–12. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Cajal, S. R. (1911) Histology du Systeme Nerveux de l'homme et des Vertebris, vol. 2. Paris: Maloine. [GS]Google Scholar
Cervantes-Perez, F. (1985) Modelling and analysis of neural networks in the visuomotor system of anuran amphibia. Ph.D. dissertation and Technical Report 85-27, Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Massachusetts at Amherst. [arMAA, J-PE, GS]Google Scholar
Cervantes-Perez, F., Lara, R. & Arbib, M. A. (1985) A neural model of interactions subserving prey-predator discrimination and size preference in anuran amphibia. Journal of Theoretical Biology. 113:117–52. [arMAA, GS]Google Scholar
Chemiak, C. (1987) Logic and anatomy. Paper read at workshop for the Minnesota Center for Philosophy of Science. University of Minnesota. [KG]Google Scholar
Collett, T. (1982) Do toads plan routes? A study of the detour behaviour of Bufo viridis. Journal of Comparative Physiology 146:261–71. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Collett, T. & Udin, S. (1983) The role of the toad's nucleus isthmi in preycatching behaviour. Proceedings of second workshop on visuomotor coordination in frog and toad: Models and experiments, ed. Lara, R. & Arbib, M. A.. COINS-Technical Report 83-19, University of Massachusetts at Amherst. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Collett, T. S., Udin, S. B. & Finch, D. J. (in press) A possible mechanism for stereopsis in anurans. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Crick, F. (1984) Function of the thalamic reticular nucleus: The searchlight hypothesis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 81:4586–90. [rMAA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dakin, G. A. & Arbib, M. A. (1986) The hierarchical control of skilled hand movements. COINS Technical Report 86-35, Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Massachusetts at Amherst. [rMAA]Google Scholar
Davis, L. S. & Rosenfeld, A. L. (1981) Cooperating processes for low-level vision. Artificial Intelligence, 17:245–63. [aMAA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dennett, D. C. (1978a) Why not the whole iguana? Behavioral and Brain Sciences 1:103–4. [rMAA, DL]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dev, P. (1975) Perception of depth surfaces in random-dot stereograms: A neural model. International Journal of Man-Machine Studies 7:511–28. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Dewdney, A. K. (1987) Computer recreations. Scientific American 03, 256:16–24. [rMAA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Didday, R. (1976) A Model of visiomotor mechanisms in the frog optic tectum. Mathematical Biosciences 30:169–80. [aMAA, JPW]Google Scholar
Didday, R. L. & Arbib, M. A. (1975) Eye movements and visual perception: ‘two visual systems’ model. International Journal of Man-Machine Studies 7:547–69. [aMAA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eggermont, J. J., Johannesma, P.I.M. & Aertsen, A.M.H.J. (1983) Reverse correlation methods in auditory research. Quarterly Review of Biophysics 16:341–414. [PIMJ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Epstein, S. (1979) Vermin users manual. Unpublished project report, Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Massachusetts at Amherst. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Evarts, E. V. & Tanji, J. (1976) Reflex and intended responses in motor cortex pyramidal tract neurons in monkey Journal of Neurophysiology 39:1069–80. [rMAA]Google Scholar
Ewert, J.-P. (1969) Quantitative Analyse von Reiz-Reaktionsbeziehungen bei visuellem Auslösen der Beutefangwendereaktion der Erdkröte (Bufo bufo L.). Pfliigers Archiv 306:210–18. [J-PE]Google Scholar
Ewert, J.-P. (1974) The neural basis of visually guided behavior. Scientific American 230:34–42. [aMAA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ewert, J.-P. (1976) The visual system of the toad: Behavioural and physiological studies on a pattern recognition system. In: The amphibian visual system, ed. Fite, K.. Academic Press. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Ewert, J.-P. (1981) Neural coding of “worms” and “antiworms” in the brain of toads: The question of hardwired and softwired systems. In: Brain mechanisms of behavior in lower vertebrates, ed. Laming, P. R.. Cambridge University Press. [J-PE]Google Scholar
Ewert, J.-P. (1984) Tectal mechanisms that underlie prey-catching and avoidance behavior in toads. In: Comparative neurology of the optic tectum, ed. Vanegas, H.. Plenum Press. [rMAA, NM]Google Scholar
Ewert, J.-P., Arend, B., Becker, V. & Borchers, H.-W. (1979) Invariants in configurational prey selection by Bufo bufo (L.). Brain, Behavior and Evolution 16:38–51. [J-PE]Google Scholar
Ewert, J.-P., Borchers, H.-W. & Wietersheim, A. von (1978) Question of prey feature detectors in the toad's Bufo bufo (L.) visual system: A correlation analysis. Journal of Comparative Physiology 126:43–47. [JPE]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ewert, J.-P., Borchers, H.-W. & Wietersheim, A.von (1979) Directional sensitivity, invariance, and variability of tectal T5 neurons in response to moving configurational stimuli in the toad Bufo bufo (L). Journal of Comparative Physiology 132:191–201. [J-PE]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ewert, J.-P., Framing, E. M., Schiirg-Pfeiffer, E. & Weerasuriya, A. (submitted) Single neuron activity in the toad's medulla oblongata in response to visual and tactile stimuli: I. A functional approach toward tectal/bulbar spinal circuitry by extraellular methods. [rMAA, J-PE]Google Scholar
Ewert, J. P. & von Seelen, W. (1974) Neurobiologie und System-Theorie eines visuellen Muster-Erkennungsmechanismus bei Kroten. Kybernetik 14:167–83. [aMAA, J-PE]Google Scholar
Finkenstädt, T. (1983) Influence of the optic tectum and prosencephalic structures on visually controlled prey-catching and avoidance behaviors in the fire salamander. In: Advances in vertebrate neuroethology, ed. Ewert, J.-P., Capranica, R. R. & Ingle, D. J.. Plenum Press. [J-PE]Google Scholar
Fodor, J. A. (1985) Précis of The Modularity of Mind. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8:1–42. [rMAA, JPW]Google Scholar
Freeman, W. J. & Skarda, C. A. (1985) Spatial EEG patterns, non-linear dynamics and perception: The neo-Sherringtonian view. Brain Research Reviews 10:147–75. [rMAA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fuster, J. M., ed. (1985) The temporal organization of behavior. Human Neurobiology 4:Whole Nos. 2 and 3. [rMAA]Google ScholarPubMed
Gibson, J. J. (1979) The ecological approach to visual perception. Houghton Mifflin. [rMAA, JPW]Google Scholar
Gielen, C.A.M. & van Zuylen, E. J. (1986) Coordination of arm muscles during flexion and supination: Application of the tensor analysis approach. Neuroscience 17:527–39. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Gregory, R. L. (1969) On how so little information controls so much behaviour. In: Towards a theoretical biology, 2: Sketches, ed. Waddington, C. H.. Edinburgh University Press. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Hamsher, K. de S. (1978) Stereopsis and the perception of anomalous contours. Neuropsychologia 16:453–59. [JCM]Google Scholar
Hanson, A. R. & Riseman, E. M. (1978) VISIONS: A computer system for interpreting scenes. In: Computer vision systems, ed. Hanson, A. R. & Riseman, E. M.. Academic Press. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Havens, W. S. & Mackworth, A. K. (1983) Representing knowledge of the visual world. Computer 16:90–96. [AKM]Google Scholar
Hayes, P. (1974) Some problems and non-problems in representation theory. Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence and Simulation of Behavior Conference, Essex University. [rMAA, JKT]Google Scholar
Hayes, P. (1979) The logic of frames. In: Frame conceptions and text understanding, ed. Metzing, D.. Walter de Gruyter. [rMAA, JKT]Google Scholar
Head, H. & Holmes, G. (1911) Sensory disturbances from cerebral les ions. Brain 34:102–54. [arMAA, AKM]Google Scholar
Heinzel, H.-G. & Selverston, A. I. (1985) Proctolin modulation of the gastric oscillator in the lobster stomatogastrie ganglion. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 11:146.6. [rMAA]Google Scholar
Himstedt, W. (1982) Prey-selection in salamanders. In: Analysis of visual behavior, ed. Ingle, D. J., Goodale, M. A. & Mansfield, R.J.W., MIT Press. [J-PE]Google Scholar
Hinton, G. E. (1981) Implementing semantic networks in parallel hardware. In: Parallel models of associative memory, ed. Hinton, G. E. & Anderson, J. A.. Erlbaum. [rMAA, JAB]Google Scholar
Hinton, G. E. & Lang, K. J. (1985) Shape recognition and illusory conjunctions. Proceedings of the 9th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. Morgan Kaufmann. [JAB]Google Scholar
Holland, J. H. (1975) Adaptation in natural and artificial systems. University of Michigan Press. [rMAA, BB]Google Scholar
Hopfield, J. & Tank, D. (1986) Computing with neural circuits. Science 233:625–33. [rMAA]Google Scholar
House, D. (1982) The frog/toad depth perception system - A cooperative/competitive model. In: Proceedings of the workshop on visuomotor coordination in frog and toad: Models and Experiments, ed. Arbib, M. A.. COINS Technical Report 82-16,University of Massachusetts at Amherst. [aMAA]Google Scholar
House, D. (1984) Neural models of depth perception in frog and toad. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Massachusetts at Amherst. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Humphreys, G. W. & Riddoch, M. J. (1987) To see but not to see: A case study of visual agnosia. Erlbaum. [JCM]Google Scholar
Iberall, T., Bingham, G. & Arbib, M. A. (1986) Opposition space as a structuring concept for the analysis of skilled hand movements. Experimental Brain Research Series 15:158–73. [arMAA]Google Scholar
Indurkhya, B. (1986) Constrained semantic transference: A formal theory of metaphors. Synthese 68:515–51. [rMAA]Google Scholar
Ingle, D. (1968) Visual releasers of prey catching behaviour in frogs and toads. Brain, Behavior, and Evolution 1:500–18. [aMAA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ingle, D. (1973) Disinhibition of tectal neurons by pretectal lesions in the frog. Science 180:422–24. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Ingle, D. (1975) Focal attention in the frog: Behavioural and physiological correlates. Science 188:1033–35. [aMAA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ingle, D. (1976) Spatial visions in anurans. In: The amphibian visual system, ed. Fite, K.. Academic Press. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Ingle, D. (1982) Visual mechanisms of optic tectum and pretectum related to stimulus localization in frogs and toads. In: Advances in vertebrate neuroethology, ed. Ewert, J.-P., Capranica, R. R. & Ingle, D. J.. Plenum Press. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Joanette, Y., Brouchon, M., Gauthier, L. & Samson, M. (1986) Pointing with left vs right hand in left visual field neglect. Neuropsychologia 24:391–96. [JCM]Google Scholar
Johannesma, P.I.M. (1981) Neural representation of sensory stimuli and sensory interpretation of neural activity: Neural communication and control. Advances in Physiological Science 30:103–125. [PIMJ]Google Scholar
Johannesma, P.I.M. & Aertsen, A.M.H.J. (1982) Statistical and dimensional analysis of the neural representation of the acoustic biotope of the frog. Journal of Medical Systetns 6(4):399–421. [PIMJ]Google Scholar
Johannesma, P.I.M., Aertsen, A.M.H.J., Boogaard, H. van den, Eggermont, J. & Epping, W. (1986) From synchrony to harmony: Ideas on the function of neural assemblies and on the interpretation of neural synchrony. In: Brain theory, ed. Palm, G. & Aertsen, A.. Springer-Verlag. [PIMJ]Google Scholar
Johannesma, P.I.M. & Eggermont, J. (1983) Receptive fields of auditory neurons in the midbrain of the frog as functional elements of acoustic communication. In: Advances in vertebrate neuroethology, ed. Ewert, J.-P., Capraniea, R. R. & Ingle, D. J.. Plenum. [PIMJ]Google Scholar
Julesz, B. (1971) Foundations of Cyclopean perception. University of Chicago Press. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Kandel, E. R. (1978) A cell-biological approach to learning. Society for Neuroscience. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Kase, C. S., Troncoso, J. F., Court, J. E., Tapia, J. F. & Mohr, J. P. (1977) Global spatial disorientation: Clinico-pathological correlations. Journal of the Neurological Sciences 34:267–78. [JCM]Google Scholar
Kelso, J. A. S. & Scholz, J. P. (1985) Cooperative phenomena in biological motion. In: Synergetics of complex systems in physics, chemistry and biology, ed. Haken, H.. Springer-Verlag. [rMAA, HTAW]Google Scholar
Kilmer, W. L., McCulloch, W. S. & Blum, J. (1969) A model of the vertebrate central command system. International Journal for Man Machine Studies 1:279–309. [rMAA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klahr, D., Langley, P. & Neehes, R., eds. (1987) Production system models of learning and development. MIT Press. [PL]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koch, C. & Ullman, S. (1985) Shifts in selective visual attention: Towards the underlying neural circuitry. Human Neurobiology 4:219–27. [rMAA]Google Scholar
Kugler, P. N. (1986) A morphological perspective on the origin and evolution of movement patterns. In: Motor development in children: Aspects of coordination and control, ed. Wade, M. G. & Whiting, H. T. A.. Martinus Nijhoff. [rMAA, HTAW]Google Scholar
Landis, T., Cummings, J. L., Benson, D. F. & Palmer, E. P. (1986) Loss of topographic familiarity: An environmental agnosia. Archives of Neurology 43:132–36. [JCM]Google Scholar
Lara, R. & Arbib, M. A. (1985) A model of the neural mechanisms responsible for pattern recognition and stimulus specific habituation in toads. Biological Cybernetics 51:223–37. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Lara, R., Arbib, M. A. & Cromarty, A. S. (1982) The role of the tectal column in facilitation of amphibian prey-catching behaviour: A neural model. Journal of Neuroscience 2:521–30. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Lara, R., Carmona, M., Daza, F. & Cruz, A. (1984) A global model of the neural mechanisms responsible for visuomotor coordination in toads. Journal of Theoretical Biology 110:587–618. [arMAA]Google Scholar
Lázár, G. (1984) Structure and connections of the frog optic tectum. In: Comparative neurology of the optic tectum, ed. Vanegas, H.. Plenum Press. [rMAA, GS]Google Scholar
Lázár, G., Tóth, P., Csank, G. & Kicliter, E. (1983) Morphology and location of tectal projection neurons in frogs: A study with HRP and cobalt filling. Journal of Comparative Neurology 215:108–20. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Lee, V. (1986) A neural network model of frog retina: A discrete time-space approach. Technical Report TR-86-219, Department of Computer Science, University of Southern California. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Lettvin, J. Y., Maturana, H., McCulloch, W. S. & Pitts, W. H. (1959) What the frog's eye tells the frog brain. Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers 47:1940–51. [aMAA]Google Scholar
Levesque, H. (1986) Knowledge representation and reasoning. Annual Reviews of Computer Science 1:255–87. [JKT]Google Scholar
Lieblich, I. & Arbib, M. A. (1982) Multiple representations of space underlying behavior. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5:627–59. [rMAA]Google Scholar
Lloyd, D. (1987) Mental representation from the bottom up. Synthese 70:23–78. [rMAA, DL]Google Scholar
Lorenz, K. (1943) Die angeborenen Formen möglicher Erfahrung. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 5:235–409. [J-PE]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Luria, A. R. (1959) Disorders of “simultaneous perception” in a case of bilateral occipitoparietal brain injury. Brain 82:437–49. [JCM]Google Scholar