Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dk4vv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-29T04:10:34.301Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Finding the right tools for the task: An intelligent approach to the study of intelligence

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 February 2010

Martin E. Ford
Martin E. Ford
Affiliation:
School of Education, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif. 94305
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Open Peer Commentary
Information
Behavioral and Brain Sciences , Volume 7 , Issue 2 , June 1984 , pp. 291 - 292
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1984

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Baltes, P. B., Dittmann-Kohli, F. & Dixon, R. A. (1982) Intellectual development during adulthood: General propositions towards theory and a dual-process conception. Unpublished manuscript. [taRJS]Google Scholar
Baltes, P. B. & Willis, S. L. (1979) The critical importance of appropriate methodology in the study of aging: The same case of psychometric intelligence. In: Brain function in old age, ed. Hoffmeister, F. & Mueller, C.. Springer-Verlag. [taRJS]Google Scholar
Baltes, P. B. & Willis, S. L. (1982) Plasticity and enhancement of intellectual functioning in old age: Penn State's adult development and enrichment project (ADEPT). In: Aging and cognitive processes, ed. Craik, F. I. M. & Trehub, S. E.. Plenum. [taRJS]Google Scholar
Bandura, A. (1982) Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency. American Psychologist 37:122–47. [MEF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baron, J. (1981) Reflective thinking as a goal of education. Intelligence 5:291–309. [JB, taRJS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baron, J. (1982) Personality and intelligence. In: Handbook of human intelligence, ed. Sternberg, R. J.. Cambridge University Press. [taRJS]Google Scholar
Baron, J. (in press) What kinds of intelligence components are fundamental? In: Thinking and learning skills: Current research and open questions, ed. Chipman, S., Segal, J. & Glaser, R.. Erlbaum. [JB]Google Scholar
Baron, J. (in preparation) Rationality and intelligence. Cambridge University Press. [JB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berry, J. W. (1972) Radical cultural relativism and the concept of intelligence. In: Mental tests and cultural adaptation, ed. Cronbaeh, L. J. & Drenth, P. J. D.. Mouton. Condensed and reprinted in Culture and cognition: Readings in cross-cultural psychology, ed. J. W. Berry & P. R. Dasen. Methuen, 1974. [JWB, taRJS]Google Scholar
Berry, J. W. (1976) Human ecology and cognitive style. Sage-Halsted. [SHI]Google Scholar
Berry, J. W. (1980a) Cultural universality of any theory of human intelligence remains an open question. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 3:584–85. [taRJS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berry, J. W. (1980b) Ecological analyses for cross-cultural psychology. In: Studies in cross-cultural psychology, ed. Warren, N.. Academic Press. [JWB]Google Scholar
Berry, J. W. (1981) Cultural systems and cognitive styles. In: Intelligence and learning, ed. Friedman, M., Das, J. P. & O'Conner, N.. Plenum. [atRJA]Google Scholar
Berry, J. W. (in press) Towards a universal psychology of cognitive competence. International Journal of Psychology. [JWB]Google Scholar
Bhatia, C. M. (1955) Performance tests of intelligence under Indianconditions. Oxford University Press. [SHI]Google Scholar
Biesheuvel, S. (1952) Personnel selection tests for Africans. South African Journal of Science 49:3–12. [SHI]Google Scholar
Biesheuvel, S. (1954) The measurement of occupational aptitudes in a multiracial society. Occupational Psychology 28:189–96. [SHI]Google Scholar
Binet, A. & Simon, T. (1973) Classics in psychology: The development of intelligence in children. Arno [taRJS]Google Scholar
Boring, E. G. (1923) Intelligence as the tests test it. New Republic (06 6):35–37. [taRJS]Google Scholar
Brand, C. R. & Deary, I. J. (1982) Intelligence and “inspection time.” In: A model for intelligence, ed. Eysenck, H. J.. Springer-Verlag. [taRJS]Google Scholar
Butterfield, E. C. & Belmont, J. M. (1977) Assessing and improving the cognition of mentally retarded people. In: Psychology of mental retardation: Issues and approaches, ed. Bialer, I. & Sternlicht, M.. Psychological Dimensions. [taRJS]Google Scholar
Campbell, D. T. & Fiske, D. W. (1959) Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait multimethod matrix. Psychological Bulletin 56:81–105. [BJZ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Campione, J. C. & Brown, A. L. (1979) Toward a theory of intelligence: Contributions from research with retarded children. In: Human intelligence: Perspectives on its theory and measurement, ed. Sternberg, R. J. & Detterman, D. K.. Ablex. [taRJS]Google Scholar
Carlson, J. S. & Jensen, C. M. (1982) Reaction time, movement time, and intelligence: A replication and extension. Intelligence 6:265–74. [ARJ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carroll, J. B. (1976) Psychometric tests as cognitive tasks: A new “structure of intellect.” In: The nature of intelligence, ed. Resnick, L. B.. Erlbaum. [tarRJS]Google Scholar
Carroll, J. B. (1981) Ability and task difficulty in cognitive psychology. Educational Research 10:11–21. [tarRJS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carver, R. P. (1974) Two dimensions of tests: Psychometric and edumetric. American Psychologist 29:512–18. [BJZ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cattell, R. B. (1971) Abilities: Their structure, growth and action. Houghton Mifflin. [taRJS]Google Scholar
Charlesworth, W. R. (1976) Human intelligence as adaptation: An ethological approach. In: The nature of intelligence, ed. Resnick, L. B.. Erlbaum. [taRJS]Google Scholar
Charlesworth, W. R. (1979a) An ethological approach to studying intelligence. Human Development 22:212–16. [taRJS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Charlesworth, W. R. (1979b) Ethology: Understanding the other half of intelligence. In: Human ethology: Claims and limits of a new discipline, ed. von Cranach, M., Koppa, K., Lepenies, W. & Ploog, D.. Cambridge University Press. [taRJS]Google Scholar
Chase, W. G. & Simon, H. A. (1973) The mind's eye in chess. In: Visual information processing, ed. Chase, W. G.. Academic Press. [tarRJS]Google Scholar
Chi, M. T. H., Glaser, R. & Rees, E. (1982) Expertise in problem solving. In: Advances in the psychology of human intelligence, vol. 1, ed. Sternberg, R. J.. Erlbaum. [taRJS]Google Scholar
Claparède, E. (1933) La genèse de l'hypothèse: Étude expérimentale. Archives de Psychologic 24:1–155. [MNR]Google Scholar
Cole, M. (1979–1980) Mind as a cultural achievement: Implications for IQ testing. Annual report of the research and clinical center for child development. Sapporo, Japan: Hokkaido University, Faculty of Education. [taRJS]Google Scholar
Cole, M., Gay, J. & Glick, J. (1968) A cross-cultural study of information-processing. International Journal of Psychology 3:93–102. [SHI]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cole, M. & Means, B. (1981) Comparative studies ofhotc people think. Harvard University Press. [rRJS]Google Scholar
Cronbach, L. J. & Snow, R. E. (1977) Aptitudes and instructional methods. Irvington. [taRJS]Google Scholar
Crowder, R. G. (1982) The psychology of reading: An introduction. Oxford University Press. [taRJS]Google Scholar
Daniels, N. (1979) Wide rellective equilibrium and theory acceptance in ethics. Journal of Philosophy 76:256–82. [JB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davidson, J. E. & Sternberg, R. J. (1983) Insight in the gifted. Paper presented at Annual Meeting of Society for Research in Child Development, Detroit. [taRJS]Google Scholar
Detterman, D. K. (1980) Understand cognitive components before postulating inetacomponents. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 3:589. [DKD, taRJS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Detterman, D. K. (1982) Does “g” exist? Intelligence 6:99–108. [DKD, taRJS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dewey, J. (1957) Human nature and conduct. Modern Library. [MNR, taRJS]Google Scholar
Egan, D. E. (1982) A heuristic for componential analysis: “Try old goals” Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5:348–50. [taRJS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eyseuck, H. J. (1979) The structure and measurement of intelligence. Springer-Verlag. [HJE]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eyseuck, H. J. (1982) A model for intelligence. Springer-Verlag. [HJE, PEV]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eyseuck, H. J. (1982) Introduction. In: A model for intelligence, ed. Eysenck, H. J.. Springer-Verlag. [ARJ, taRJS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eysenck, H. J. & Barrett, P. (in press) Psychophysiology and the measurement of intelligence. In: Methodological and statistical advances in the study of individual differences, ed. Reynolds, C. & Willson, V.. Plenum. [HJE]Google Scholar
Fagan, J. F. III & McGrath, S. K. (1981) Infant recognition memory and later intelligence. Intelligence 5:121–30. [tarRJS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Feldman, R. D. (1982) Whatever happened to the quiz kids? Chicago Review-Press. [taRJS]Google Scholar
Ford, D. H. (submitted) Humans as self-constructing living systems [MEF]Google Scholar
Ford, M. E. (1983) Competence: Current conceptual and empirical status and implications for mental health. In: Behavioral sciences research in mental health, vol. 2. Report to the Director, National Institute of Mental Health by Behavioral Science Research Review Consultant Panel, April, 1983. [MEF]Google Scholar
Ford, M. E. (in press) Linking social-cognitive processes with effective social behavior: A living systems approach. In: Advances in cognitive-behavioral research and therapy, vol. 3, ed. Kendall, P. C.. Academic Press. [MEF]Google Scholar
Ford, M. E. & Miura, I. (in preparation) Children's and adults' conception of social competence. [tarRJS]Google Scholar
Gardner, H. (1983) Frames of mind: The theory of multiple intelligences. Basic Books. [DRO1]Google Scholar
Gladwin, T. (1970) East is a big bird. Harvard University Press. [taRJS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldberg, R. A., Schwartz, S. & Stewart, M. (1977) Individual differences in cognitive processes. Journal of Educational Psychology 69:9–14. [tarRJS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goodman, N. (1955) Fact, fiction, and forecast. Harvard University Press. [taRJS]Google Scholar
Gordon, E. W. & Terrell, M. D. (1981) The changed social context of testing. American Psychologist 36:1167–71. [taRJS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guilford, J. P. (1967) The nature of human intelligence. McGraw-Hill. [tarRJS]Google Scholar
Guilford, J. P. (1982) Cognitive psychology's ambiguities: Some suggested remedies. Psychological Review 89:48–59. [JB, tarRJS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hellesnes, T. (1980) The recategorizing test. Psykologisk Rapportserie 1, (No. 1). University of Bergen. [KR]Google Scholar
Hellesnes, T., Raaheim, K. & Bengtsson, G. (1982) Attempts to predict intelligent behavior. 3. The relative importance of divergent and convergent production. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 23:263–66. [KR]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hill, A. L. (1978) Savants: Mentally retarded individuals with special skills. In: International review of research in mental retardation, vol. 9, ed. Ellis, N. R.. Academic Press. [JB]Google Scholar
Horn, J. L. (1968) Organization of abilities and the development of intelligence. Psychological Review 75:242–59. [taRJS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Horn, J. L. (1978) Human ability systems. In: Life-span development and behavior, vol. 1, ed. Baltes, P. B.. Academic Press. [JBC]Google Scholar
Horn, J. L. (1979) Trends in the measurement of intelligence. In: Human intelligence: Perspectives on its theory and measurement, ed. Sternberg, R. J. & Detterman, D. K.. Ablex. [taRJS]Google Scholar
Humphreys, L. G. (1971) Theory of intelligence. In: Intelligence: Genetic and environmental influences, ed. Cancro, Robert. Grime & Stratton. [LGH]Google Scholar
Humphreys, L. G. (1979) The construct of general intelligence. Intelligence 3:105–20. [LGH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hunt, E. B. (1978) Mechanics of verbal ability. Psychological Review 85:109–30. [ARJ, DRO, tarRJS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hunt, E. B. (1980) Intelligence as an information-processing concept. British Journal of Psychology 71:449–74. [tarRJS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Intelligence and its measurement. A symposium. (1921) Journal of Educational Psychology 12:123–47, 195–216, 271–75. [taRJS, LET]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Irvine, S. H. (1965) Adapting tests to the cultural setting: A comment. Occupational Psychology 39:12–23. [SHI]Google Scholar
Irvine, S. H. (1969) Figural tests of reasoning in Africa. International Journal of Psychology 4:217–28. [SHI]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Irvine, S. H. (1970) Affect and construct: A cross-cultural check on theories of intelligence. Journal of Social Psychology 80:23–30. [SHI]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Irvine, S. H. (1979) The place of factor analysis in cross-cultural methodology and its contribution to cognitive theory. In: Cross-cultural contributions to psychology, ed. Eckensberger, L., Lonner, W. & Poortinga, Y.. The Netherlands: Swets and Zeitlinger. [SHI]Google Scholar
Irvine, S. H. & Berry, J. W., eds. (1983) Human assessment and cultural factors. Plenum. [JWB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jencks, C. (1972) Inequality. Harper & Row. [taRJS]Google Scholar
Jensen, A. R. (1969) How much can we boost IQ and scholastic achievement? Harvard Educational Review 39:1–123. [taRJS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jensen, A. R. (1973) Educability and group differences. Methuen. [PEV]Google Scholar
Jensen, A. R. (1979) g: Outmoded theory or unconquered frontier? Creative Science and Technology 2:16–29. [ARJ, taRJS]Google Scholar
Jensen, A. R. (1980a) Bias in mental testing. Free Press. [tarRJS]Google Scholar
Jensen, A. R. (1980b) Chronometric analysis of intelligence. Journal of Social and Biological Structures 3:103–22. [ARJ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jensen, A. R. (1982a) The chronometry of intelligence. In: Advances in the psychology of human intelligence, vol. 1, ed. Sternberg, R. J.. Erlhaum. [ARJ]Google Scholar
Jensen, A. R. (1982b) Reaction time and psychometric g. In: A model for intelligence, ed. Eysenck, H. J.. Springer-Verlag. [ARJ, tarRJS, PEV]Google Scholar
Jensen, A. R., Schafer, E. W. P. & Crinella, F. M. (1981) Reaction time, evoked brain potentials, and psychometric g in the severely retarded. Intelligence 5:179–97. [ARJ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Just, M. A. & Carpenter, P. A. (1980) A theory of reading: From eye fixations to comprehension. Psychological Review 87:329–54. [taRJS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kaufman, A. S. & Kaufman, N. L. (1983) Kaufman assessment battery for children (K-ABC). American Guidance Service. [taRJS]Google Scholar
Kaufmann, G. & Raaheim, K. (1973) Effect of inducing activity upon performance in an unfamiliar task. Psychological Reports 32:303–6. [KR]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaye, D. B., Brown, S. W., & Post, T. A. (1981) The development of letter processing efficiency. Memory and Cognition 9:132–41. [NEJ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Keating, D. P. (1980) Sternberg's sketchy theory: Defining details desired. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 3:595–96. [NEJ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keating, D. P. (1984) The emperor's new clothes: The “new look” in intelligence research. In: Advances in the psychology of human intelligence, vol. 2, ed. Sternberg, R. J.. Erlbaum. [taRJS]Google Scholar
Keating, D. P. & Bobbitt, B. L. (1978) Individual and developmental differences in cognitive-processing components of mental ability. Child Development 49:155–67. [DRO, tarRJS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keil, F. C. (in press) Mechanisms in cognitive development and the structure of knowledge. In: Mechanisms of cognitive development, ed. Sternberg, R. J.. Freeman. [taRJS]Google Scholar
LaBerge, D. & Samuels, J. (1974) Toward a theory of automatic information processing in reading. Cognitive Psychology 6:293–323. [taRJS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laboratory of Comparative Human Cognition (1982) Culture and intelligence. In: Handbook of human intelligence, ed. Sternberg, R. J.. Cambridge University Press. [tarRJS]Google Scholar
Laboratory of Comparative Human Cognition (1983) Culture and cognitive development. In: Handbook of child psychology: vol. 1, ed. Mussen, P.; vol. 3, Cognitive development, ed. J. H. Flavell & E. M. Markman. Wiley. [BR, taRJS]Google Scholar
Labouvie-Vief, G. & Chandler, M. (1978) Cognitive development and life-span developmental theories. Idealistic vs. contextual perspectives. In: Life-span development and behavior, vol. 1, ed. Baltes, P. B.. Academic Press. [taRJS, BJZ]Google Scholar
Lansman, M., Donaldson, C., Hunt, E. & Yantis, S. (1982). Ability factors and cognitive processes. Intelligence 6:331–45. [tarRJS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Larkin, J., McDermott, J., Simon, D. P. & Simon, H. A. (1980) Expert and novice performance in solving physics problems. Science 208:1335–42. [taRJS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lefcourt, H. M. (1976) Locus of control: Current trends in theory and research. Erlbaum. [MEF]Google Scholar
Locke, E. A., Shaw, K. N., Saari, L. M. & Latham, G. P. (1981) Goal setting and task performance: 1969–1980. Psychological Bulletin 90:125–52. [MEF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matarazzo, J. D. (1972) Wechsler's measurement and appraisal of adult intelligence, 5th ed.Williams & Wilkins. [taRJS]Google Scholar
Mayer, R. & Greeno, J. G. (1972). Structural differences between learning outcomes produced by different instructional methods. Journal of Educational Psychology 63:165–73. [taRJS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McClelland, D. C. (1973) Testing for competence rather than for “intelligence.” American Psychologist 28:1–14. [taRJS, BJZ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mercer, J. R. (1973) Labelling the mentally retarded. University of California Press. [JB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mellenbergh, G. J. (1972) Applicability of the Rasch model in two cultures. In: Mental tests and cultural adaptation, ed. Cronbach, L. J. & Drenth, P. J. D.. The Hague: Mouton. [SHI]Google Scholar
Mellenbergh, G. J. (1983) Conditional item bias methods. In: Human assessment and cultural factors, ed. Irvine, S. H. & Berry, J. W.. Plenum. [SHI]Google Scholar
Miles, R. T. (1957) Contributions to intelligence testing and the theory of intelligence. 1. On defining intelligence. British Journal of Educational Psychology 27:153–65. [SHI]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mischel, W. & Peake, P. K. (1982) Beyond déjè vu in the search for cross-situational consistency. Psychological Review 42:518–28. [BJZ]Google Scholar
Mulholland, T. M., Pellegrino, J. W. & Claser, R. (1980) Components of geometric analogy solution. Cognitive Psychology 12:252–84. [taRJS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Neisser, U. (1976) Cognition and reality: Principles and implications of cognitive psychology. Freeman. [taRJS]Google Scholar
Neisser, U. (1979) The concept of intelligence. Intelligence 3:217–27. [taRJS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newell, A. & Simon, H. (1972) Human problem solving. Prentice-Hall. [taRJS]Google Scholar
Olson, D. & Bialystok, E. (1983) Spatial cognition: On the structure and development of mental representations of spatial relations. Erlbaum. [DRO]Google Scholar
Pachella, R. G. (1974) The interpretation of reaction time in information-processing research. In: Human information processing: Tutorials in performance and cognition, ed. Kantowitz, B. H.. Erlbaum. [taRJS]Google Scholar
Pellegrino, J. W. & Glaser, R. (1979) Cognitive correlates and components in the analysis of individual differences. In: Human intelligence: Perspectives on its theory and measurement, ed. Sternberg, R. & Detterman, D. K.. Ablex. [taRJS]Google Scholar
Pellegrino, J. W. & Glaser, R. (1980) Components of inductive reasoning. In: Aptitude, learning and instruction: Cognitive process analyses of aptitude, vol. 1, ed. Snow, R., Federico, P. A. & Montague, W.. Erlbaum. [tarRJS]Google Scholar
Pellegrino, J. W. & Kail, R. Jr, (1982) Process analyses of spatial aptitude. In: Advances in the psychology of intelligence, vol. 1, ed. Sternberg, R. J.. Erlbaum. [JBC]Google Scholar
Pepper, S. C. (1970) World hypotheses. University of California Press. [BJZ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perfetti, C. (in press) Reading ability. In: Human abilities: An information-processing approach, ed. Sternberg, R. J.. Freeman. [taRJS]Google Scholar
Piaget, J. (1967) Biologie et connaissance. Gallimard. (transl. Biology and knowledge. University of Chicago Press, 1971). [MNR]Google Scholar
Piaget, J. (1972) The psychology of intelligence. Littlefield Adams. [tarRJS]Google Scholar
Piaget, J. (1974) Adaptation vitale et psychologic de I'intelligence. Hermann. [MNR]Google Scholar
Piaget, J. (1976) Le comportement, moteur de I'évolution. Gallimard. (transl. Behaviour and evolution, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1979). [MNR]Google Scholar
Poortinga, Y. (1971) Cross-cultural comparison of maximum performance tests: Some methodological aspects and some experiments with simple auditory stimuli. Psychologia Africana: Monograph Supplement no. 6. [SHI]Google Scholar
Poortinga, Y. (1983) Psychometric approaches to inter-group comparison: The problem of equivalence. In: Human assessment and cultural factors, ed. by Irvine, S. H. & Berry, J. W.. Plenum. [SHI]Google Scholar
Posner, M. I. & Mitchell, R. F. (1967) Chronometric analysis of classification. Psychological Review 74:392–409. [taRJS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Price, H. H. (1953) Thinking and experience. Hutchinson's University Library. [KR]Google Scholar
Raaheim, K. (1961) Problem solving: A new approach. Acta Universitatis Bergensis. Series Humaniorum Litterarum, No. 5. [KR]Google Scholar
Raaheim, K. (1974) Problem solving and intelligence. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget. [KR, taRJS]Google Scholar
Raaheim, K. (in press) Why intelligence is not enough. Bergen, Norway: Sigma Forlag. [KR]Google Scholar
Raaheim, K. & Kaufmann, G. (1972) Level of activity and success in solving an unfamiliar task. Psychological Reports 30:271–74. [KR]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Resnick, L. B., ed. (1976) The nature of intelligence. Erlbaum. [taRJS, PEV]Google Scholar
Rey, A. (1946) Etude des insuffisances psychologies. 1. Méthodes et problèmes. Delachaux et Niestle. 2d ed. 1962. [MNR]Google Scholar
Rey, A. (1962) lnterprétation de dessins et développement psychologique. Delachaux et Niestle. [MNR]Google Scholar
Rey, A. (1963) Connaissance de I'individu par les tests. Dessart. [MNR]Google Scholar
Rogoff, B. (1982) Integrating context and cognitive development. In: Advances in developmental psychology, ed. Lamb, M. E. & Brown, A. L., vol. 2. Erlbaum. [BR]Google Scholar
Rogoff, B. & Mistry, J. (in press) Memory development in cultural context. In: The cognitive side of memory development, ed. Pressley, M. & Brainerd, C. J.. Springer-Verlag. [BR]Google Scholar
Scarr, S. (1981) Testing for children: Assessment and the many determinants of intellectual competence. American Psychologist 36:1159–66. [taRJS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shank, R. (1980) How much intelligence is there in artificial intelligence? Intelligence 4:1–14. [taRJS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schneider, W. & Shiffrin, R. (1977) Controlled and automated human information processing: 1. Detection, search, and attention. Psychological Review, 84:1–66. [taRJS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scribner, S. & Cole, M. (1981) The psychology of literacy. Harvard University Press. [BR]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seligman, M. E. P. (1975) Helplessness. Freeman. [MEF]Google ScholarPubMed
Sen, A., Jensen, A. R., Sen, A. K. & Arora, I. (1983) Correlation between reaction time and intelligence in psychometrically similar groups in America and India. Applied Research in Mental Retardation 4:139–52. [ARJ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shiffrin, R. M. & Schneider, W. (1977) Controlled and automatic processing: 2. Perceptual learning, automatic attending, and a general theory. Psychological Review 84:127–90. [NEJ, taRJS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Siegler, R. S. (1981) Developmental sequences within and between concepts. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development 46 (Serial No. 189). [tarRJS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simon, H. A. (1976) Identifying basic abilities underlying intelligent performance of complex tasks. In: The nature of intelligence, ed. Resnick, L. B.. Erlbaum. [taRJS]Google Scholar
Skinner, B. F. (1969) Contingencies of reinforcement. Appleton-Century-Crofts. [MNR]Google Scholar
Skinner, B. F. (1981) Selection by consequences. Science 213:501–04. [MNR]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Snow, R. E. (1979) Theory and method for research on aptitude process. In: Human intelligence: Perspectives on its theory and measurement, ed. Sternberg, R. J. & Detterman, D. K.. Ablex. [taRJS]Google Scholar
Snow, R. E. (1981) Toward a theory of aptitude for learning: 1. Fluid and crystallized abilities and their correlates. In: Intelligence and learning, ed. Friedman, M., Das, J. P. & O'Conner, N.. Plenum [taRJS]Google Scholar
Spearman, C. (1927) The abilities of man. Macmillan. [rRJS]Google Scholar
Stenhouse, D. (1973) The evolution of intelligence: A general theory and some of its implications. Harper & Row. [taRJS]Google Scholar
Sternberg, R. J. (1977a) Component processes in analogical reasoning. Psychological Review 84:353–78. [taRJS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sternberg, R. J. (1977b) Intelligence, information processing, and analogical reasoning: The componential analysis of human abilities. Erlbaum. [taRJS]Google Scholar
Sternberg, R. J. (1978). Isolating the components of intelligence. Intelligence 2:117–28. [taRJS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sternberg, R. J. (1980a) Factor theories of intelligence are all right almost. Educational Researcher 9:6–13, 18. [taRJS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sternberg, R. J. (1980b). Sketch of a componential subtheory of human intelligence. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 3:573–84. [tarRJS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sternberg, R. J. (1981a) Intelligence and nonentrenchment. Journal of Educational Psychology 73:1–16. [taRJS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sternberg, R. J. (1981b) Novelty-seeking, novelty-finding, and the developmental continuity of intelligence. Intelligence 5:149–56. [rRJS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sternberg, R. J. (1982a) A componential approach to intellectual development. In: Advances in the psychology of human intelligence, vol. 1, ed. Sternberg, R. J.. Erlbaum. [taRJS]Google Scholar
Sternberg, R. J. (1982b) Natural, unnatural, and supernatural concepts. Cognitive Psychology 14:451–88. [tarRJS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sternberg, R. J. (in press) Beyond IQ: A triarchic theory of human intelligence. Cambridge University Press. [JBC, tarRJS, PEV, SRY]Google Scholar
Sternberg, R. J., Conway, B. E., Ketron, J. L. & Bernstein, M. (1981) People's conceptions of intelligence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 41:37–55. [taRJS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sternberg, R. J. & Davidson, J. E. (1982) The mind of the puzzler. Psychology Today 16 (06):37–44. [taRJS]Google Scholar
Sternberg, R. J. & Davidson, J. E. (1983) Insight in the gifted. Educational Psychologist 18:51–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sternberg, R. J. & Gardner, M. K. (1983) Unities in inductive reasoning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 112:80–116. [tarRJS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sternberg, R. J. & Powell, J. S. (1982) Theories of intelligence. In: Handbook of human intelligence ed. Sternberg, R. J.. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Sternberg, R. J. & Powell, J. S. (1983) Comprehending verbal comprehension. American Psychologist 38:878–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sternberg, R. J. & Rifkin, B. (1979) The development of analogical reasoning processes. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 27:195–232. [taRJS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sternberg, R. J. & Salter, W. (1982) Conceptions of intelligence. In: Handbook of human intelligence ed. Sternberg, R. J.. Cambridge University Press. [taRJS]Google Scholar
Sternberg, R. J. & Wagner, R. K. (1982) Automatization failure in learning disabilities. Topics in Learning and Learning Disabilities 2 (07):1–11. [taRJS]Google Scholar
Sternberg, R. J. & Weil, E. M. (1980) An aptitude-strategy interaction in linear syllogistic reasoning. Journal of Educational Psychology 72:226–34. [tarRJS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sternbcrg, S. (1969) The discovery of processing stages: Extensions ofDonclers' method. Acta Psychologica 30:276–315. [taRJS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stich, S. & Nisbett, R. (1980) Justification and the psychology of human reasoning. Philosophy of Science 47:188–202. [JB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tannenbaum, A. J. (1983) Gified children: Psychological and educational perspectives. Macmillan. [NEJ]Google Scholar
Thurstone, L. L. (1924). The nature of intelligence. Harcourt, Brace. [MNR, taRJS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thurstone, L. L. & Thurstone, T. G. (1962) Tests of primary mental abilities, rev. ed. Science Research Associates. [taRJS]Google Scholar
Triandis, H. C. (1980) Values, attitudes and interpersonal behavior. In: 1979 Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, ed. Howe, H. E. & Page, M. M.. University of Nebraska Press. [HCT]Google Scholar
Tuddenham, R. D. (1963) The nature and measurement of intelligence. In: Psychology in the making, ed. Postman, L.. Knopf. [DKD]Google Scholar
van der Flier, H. (1983) Some applications of an iterative method to detect biased items. In: Expiscations in cross-cultural psychology, ed. Dercsowski, J. B., Dziurawiec, S. & Annis, R. S.. The Netherlands: Swets and Zeitlinger. [SHI]Google Scholar
Vernon, P. A. (1981) Reaction time and intelligence in the mentally retarded. Intelligence 5:345–55. [ARJ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vernon, P. A. (1983) Speed of information processing and general intelligence. Intelligence 7:53–70. [ARJ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vernon, P. E. (1979) Intelligence: Heredity and environment. Freeman. [PEV]Google Scholar
Wagner, R. K. & Sternberg, R. J. (1983) Executive control of reading. Manuscript submitted for publication.Google Scholar
Wagner, R. K. & Sternberg, R. J. (in press) Practical intelligence in real world pursuits: the role of tacit knowledge. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.Google Scholar
Wechsler, D. (1958) The measurement and appraisal of adult intelligence, 4th ed.Williams & Wilkins. [tarRJS]Google Scholar
Werner, H. & Kaplan, E. (1952) The acquisition of word meanings: Adevelopmental study. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, No. 51. [taRJS]Google Scholar
White, R. W. (1959) Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological Review 66:297–333. [MEF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zigler, E. (1971) The retarded child as a whole person. In: Advances in experimental clinical psychology, vol. 1, ed. Adams, H. E. & Boardman, W. K.. Pergamon Press. [taRJS]Google Scholar
Zimmerman, B. J. (1983) Social learning theory: A contextualist account of cognitive functioning. In: Advances in cognitive developmental theory, ed. Brainerd, C. J.. Springer-Verlag. [BJZ]Google Scholar