Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-t5tsf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T21:57:14.223Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

A mismatch with dual process models of addiction rooted in psychology

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 July 2008

Reinout W. Wiers
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6500 HC Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Remco Havermans
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
Roland Deutsch
Affiliation:
Department of Social Psychology, Würzburg University, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
Alan W. Stacy
Affiliation:
Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 91803. r.wiers@psychology.unimaas.nlr.havermans@psychology.unimaas.nldeutsch@psychologie.uni-wuerzburg.deastacy@usc.edu

Abstract

The model of addiction proposed by Redish et al. shows a lack of fit with recent data and models in psychological studies of addiction. In these dual process models, relatively automatic appetitive processes are distinguished from explicit goal-directed expectancies and motives, whereas these are all grouped together in the planning system in the Redish et al. model. Implications are discussed.

Type
Open Peer Commentary
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Arndt, J., Greenberg, J. & Cook, A. (2002) Mortality salience and the spreading activation of worldview-relevant constructs: Exploring the cognitive architecture of terror. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 131:307–24.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bargh, J. A. & Morsella, E. (2008) The unconscious mind. Perspectives on Psychological Science 3:7379.Google Scholar
Deutsch, R., Gawronski, B. & Strack, F. (2006) At the boundaries of automaticity: Negation as reflective operation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 91:385405.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Deutsch, R. & Strack, F. (2006) Reflective and impulsive determinants of addictive behavior. In: Handbook of implicit cognition and addiction, ed. Wiers, R. W. & Stacy, A. W., pp. 4557. Sage.Google Scholar
Evans, J. St. B. T. & Coventry, K. (2006) A dual process approach to behavioral addiction: The case of gambling. In: Handbook of implicit cognition and addiction, ed. Wiers, R. W. & Stacy, A. W., pp. 2943. Sage.Google Scholar
Everitt, B. J. & Robbins, T. W. (2005) Neural systems of reinforcement for drug addiction: From actions to habits to compulsion. Nature Neuroscience 8(11):1481–89.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Field, M., Franken, I. & Munafo, M. (in preparation) Attentional bias and subjective craving in substance abuse.Google Scholar
Gawronski, B., Deutsch, R., Mbirkou, S., Seibt, B. & Strack, F. (2008) When “Just say no” is not enough: Affirmation versus negation training and the reduction of automatic stereotype activation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 44:370–77.Google Scholar
Goldman, M. S., Del Boca, F. K., & Darkes, J. (1999) Alcohol expectancy theory: The application of cognitive neuroscience. In: Psychological theories of drinking and alcoholism, ed. Leonard, K. E. & Blane, H. T.. Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Grenard, J. L., Ames, S. L., Wiers, R. W., Thush, C., Sussman, S. & Stacy, A. W. (in press) Working memory moderates the predictive effects of drug-related associations. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors.Google Scholar
Houben, K. & Wiers, R. W. (2006) Assessing mplicit alcohol associations with the IAT: Fact or artifact? Addictive Behaviors 31:1346–62.Google Scholar
Hutchison, K. A. (2003) Is semantic priming due to association strength or feature overlap? A microanalytic review. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review 10:785813.Google Scholar
Krank, M. D. & Swift, R. (1994) Unconscious influences of specific memories on alcohol outcome expectancies. Alcoholism: Experimental and Clinical Research 18:423. (Abstract).Google Scholar
Levy, D. A., Stark, C. E. L. & Squire, L. R. (2004) Intact conceptual priming in the absence of declarative memory. Psychological Science 15:680–86.Google Scholar
Robinson, T. E. & Berridge, K. C. (1993) The neural basis of drug craving: An incentive-sensitization theory of addiction. Brain Research Reviews 18(3):247336.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Robinson, T. E. & Berridge, K. C. (2003) Addiction. Annual Reviews of Psychology 54(1):2553.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Seibt, B., Häfner, M. & Deutsch, R. (2007) Prepared to eat: How immediate affective and motivational responses to food cues are influenced by food deprivation. European Journal of Social Psychology 37:359–79.Google Scholar
Stacy, A. W. (1997) Memory activation and expectancy as prospective predictors of alcohol and marihuana use. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 106:6173.Google Scholar
Stacy, A. W. & Wiers, R. W. (2006) An implicit cognition, associative memory framework for addiction. In: Cognition and addiction, ed. Munafo, M. R. & Albero, I. P., pp. 3171. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Strack, F. & Deutsch, R. (2004) Reflective and impulsive determinants of social behavior. Personality and Social Psychology Review 3:220–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thewissen, R., Havermans, R. C., Geschwind, N., van, denHout, M. & Jansen, A. (2007) Pavlovian conditioning of an approach bias in low-dependent smokers. Psychopharmacology 194:3340.Google Scholar
Thush, C., Wiers, R. W., Ames, S. L., Grenard, J. L., Sussman, S. & Stacy, A. W. (2008) Interactions between implicit and explicit cognition and working memory capacity in the prediction of alcohol use in at-risk adolescents. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 94:116–24.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weingardt, K. R., Stacy, A. W. & Leigh, B. C. (1996) Automatic activation of alcohol concepts in response to positive outcomes of alcohol use. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 20:2530.Google Scholar
Wiers, R. W., Bartholow, B. D., van den Wildenberg, E., Thush, C., Engels, R. C. M. E., Sher, K. J., Grenard, J., Ames, S. L. & Stacy, A. W. (2007) Automatic and controlled processes and the development of addictive behaviors in adolescents: A review and a model. Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior 86:263–83.Google Scholar
Wiers, R. W. & Stacy, A. W., eds (2006a) Handbook of implicit cognition and addiction. Sage.Google Scholar
Wiers, R. W. & Stacy, A. W., eds (2006b) Implicit cognition and addiction. Current Directions in Psychological Science 15: 292–96.Google Scholar
Wiers, R. W., van, deLuitgaarden, J., van, denWildenberg, E. & Smulders, F. T. Y. (2005) Challenging implicit and explicit alcohol-related cognitions in young heavy drinkers. Addiction 100:806–19.Google Scholar
Wiers, R. W., van Woerden, N., Smulders, F. T. Y. & De Jong, P. J. (2002) Implicit and explicit alcohol-related cognitions in heavy and light drinkers. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 111:648–58.Google Scholar