Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-s2hrs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T16:58:07.674Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

On the relation between counterfactual and causal reasoning

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 March 2008

Barbara A. Spellman
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4400. Spellman@virginia.eduDgn2 h@virginia.eduhttp://people.virginia.edu/~bas6g/
Dieynaba G. Ndiaye
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4400. Spellman@virginia.eduDgn2 h@virginia.eduhttp://people.virginia.edu/~bas6g/

Abstract

We critique the distinction Byrne makes between strong causes and enabling conditions, and its implications, on both theoretical and empirical grounds. First, we believe that the difference is psychological, not logical. Second, we disagree that there is a strict “dichotomy between the focus of counterfactual and causal thoughts.” Third, we disagree that it is easier for people to generate causes than counterfactuals.

Type
Open Peer Commentary
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Byrne, R. M. J. (2005) The rational imagination: How people create alternatives to reality. MIT Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Einhorn, H. J. & Hogarth, R. M. (1986) Judging probable cause. Psychological Bulletin 99:319.Google Scholar
Mandel, D. R. & Lehman, D. R. (1996) Counterfactual thinking and ascriptions of cause and preventability. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 71:450–63.Google Scholar
McEleney, A. & Byrne, R. (2000) Counterfactual thinking and causal explanation. In: Mental models in reasoning, ed. Garcia-Madruga, J. A., Carriedo, N. & Gonzalez-Labra, M. J., pp. 301–14. UNED (Universidad de Nacional de Education a Distancia).Google Scholar
McGill, A. L. (1989) Context effects in judgments of causation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 57:189200.Google Scholar
Spellman, B. A., Kincannon, A. & Stose, S. (2005) The relation between counterfactual and causal reasoning. In: The psychology of counterfactual thinking, ed. Mandel, D. R., Hilton, D. J. & Catellani, P., pp. 2843. Routledge Research.Google Scholar
Spellman, B. A. & Mandel, D. R. (1999) When possibility informs reality: Counterfactual thinking as a cue to causality. Current Directions in Psychological Science 8:120–23.Google Scholar
Spellman, B. A. & Ndiaye, D. G. (2007) The (dis)similarity between counterfactual and causal judgments: The importance of underlying information, availability, and measurement. Unpublished manuscript.Google Scholar
Wells, G. L. & Gavanski, I. (1989) Mental simulation of causality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 56:161–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar