Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-ndw9j Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-14T08:38:44.576Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A remark on stories, texts, and sentences

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 February 2010

Petr Sgall
Petr Sgall
Affiliation:
Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, CS-118 00 Prague 1, Czechoslovakia
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Open Peer Commentary
Information
Behavioral and Brain Sciences , Volume 6 , Issue 4 , December 1983 , pp. 608 - 609
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1983

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Baddeley, A. D. (in press) Working memory. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Series B. [MM]Google Scholar
Baddeley, A. D. & Hitch, G. (1974) Working memory. In: Advances in the psychology of learning and motication, ed. Bower, C. H., pp. 47–89. Academic Press. [MM]Google Scholar
Baker, L. & Stein, N. (1979) The development of prose comprehension skills. In: Children's prose comprehension: Research and practice, ed. Santa, C. & Haynes, B.. International Reading Association. [THC]Google Scholar
Bartlett, F. C. (1932) Remembering. Cambridge University Press. [JCM]Google Scholar
Bauman, R. & Sherzer, J., eds. (1974) Explorations in the ethnography of speaking. Cambridge University Press. [TAvD]Google Scholar
Beaugrande, R. de & Colby, B. N. (1979) Narrative models of action and interaction. Cognitive Science 3:43–66. [WFB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beaugrande, R-A. de & Dressler, W. U. (1981). Einführung in die Textlinguistik. Max Niemeyer Verlag. [PS]Google Scholar
Bereiter, C. & Scardamalia, M. (1982) From conversation to composition: The role of instruction in a developmental process. In: Advances in instructional psychology, vol. 2, ed. Claser, R., pp. 1–64. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. [CB]Google Scholar
Berlyne, D. E. (1977) Aesthetics and psychology. Appleton-Century-Crofts. [NLS]Google Scholar
Black, J. B. & Bower, G. H. (1980) Story understanding as problem solving. Poetics 9:233–50. [CP, ACG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Black, J. B., Galambos, J. A. & Reiser, B. J. (in press) Coordinating discovery and verification research. In: New methods in the study of comprehension, ed. Kieras, D. & Just, M.. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. [JBB ]Google Scholar
Black, J. B. & Wilensky, B. (1979) An evaluation of story grammars. Cognitive Science 3:213–30. [CP, ACC, DPe, NLS, DLW, taRW]Google Scholar
Blumenthal, A. L. (1965) Promoted recall of sentences. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 6:203–6. [JMK]Google Scholar
Blumenthal, A. L. & Boakes, R. (1967) Prompted recall of sentences. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 6:674–76. [JMK]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bremond, C. (1973) Logique du récit. Paris: Seuil. [DS]Google Scholar
Brewer, W. F. (1982) Plan understanding, narrative comprehension, and story schemas. In: Proceedings of the National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 262–64. American Association for Artificial Intelligence. [WFB]Google Scholar
Brewer, W. F. (1982) (in press) The story schema: Universal and culture-specific properties. In: Literacy, language, and learning: The nature and consequences of reading and writing, ed. Olson, D., Torrance, N. & Hildyard, A.. [WFB]Google Scholar
Brewer, W. F. & Lichtenstein, E. H. (1981) Event schemas, story sehemas, and story grammars. In: Attention and performance, IX, ed. Long, J. & Baddeley, A., pp. 363–79. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. [WFB, CP, WCL, taRW]Google Scholar
Brewer, W. F. & Lichtenstein, E. H. (1982) Stories are to entertain: A structural-affect theory of stories. Journal of Pragmatics 6: 473–86. [WFB, ACG, DLW]Google Scholar
Brewer, W. F. & Lichtenstein, E. H. (1981) (submitted) A structural-affect theory of the reader's story theory. [WFB]Google Scholar
Brinker, K. (1973). Zum Textbegriff in der heutigen Linguistik. In: Studien zur Texttheorie und zur deutschen Grammatik, ed. Sitta, H. & Brinker, K., pp. 9–41. Düsseldorf. [PS]Google Scholar
Britton, B. K., Graesser, A. C., Glynn, S. M., Hamilton, T. & Penland, M. (in press) Use of cognitive capacity in reading: Effects of some content features of text. Discourse Processes: A Multidisciplinary Journal. [BKB]Google Scholar
Britton, B. K., Holdredge, T. S., Curry, C. & Westbrook, R. D. (1979) Use of cognitive capacity in reading identical texts with different amounts of discourse level meaning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory 5:262–70. [BKB]Google Scholar
Britton, B. K. & Melbourne, B. (in preparation) Cognitive demands of text: Confirmation of punctate predictions. Unpublished manuscript, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia. [BKB]Google Scholar
Britton, B. K. & Tesser, A. (1983) Effects of prior knowledge on use of cognitive capacity in three complex cognitive tasks. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 21:421–36. [BKB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, A. L. & Day, J. D. (1983) Macrorules for summarizing text: The development of expertise. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 83:1–14. [CB]Google Scholar
Brown, A. L. & Smiley, S. S. (1977) Rating the importance of structural units of prose passages: A problem of metacognitive development. Child Development 48:1–8. [THC]Google Scholar
Burtis, P. J. & Scardamalia, M. (1983) Planning narratives: Children's problems in using adult-like strategies. Paper presented at American Educational Research Association annual meeting, Montreal. [CB]Google Scholar
Carbonell, J. C. Jr, (1978) POLITICS: Automated ideological reasoning. Cognitive Science 2, no. 1. [taRW]Google Scholar
Chafe, W. (1976) Givenness, contrastiveness, definiteness, subjects, topics, and point of view. In: Subject and topic, ed. Li, C., pp. 26–55. Academic Press. [CP]Google Scholar
Chafe, W. (1980) The pear stories: Cognitive, cultural and linguistic aspects of narrative production. Ablex. [TAvD, JCM]Google Scholar
Charniak, E. (1978) On the use of framed knowledge in language comprehension. Artificial Intelligence 2(3). [taRW]Google Scholar
Chatman, S. (1978) Story and discourse. Cornell University Press. [WFB]Google Scholar
Clark, H. & Clark, E. (1971) Psychology and language. Harcourt, Brace and Jovanovich. [CP]Google Scholar
Colby, B. N. (1973) A partial grammar of Eskimo folktales. American Anthropologist 75:645–62. [CP, taRW]Google Scholar
Communications 8 (1966) L'analyse structurale du récit. Paris: Seuil. [TAvD]Google Scholar
Cottrell, G. C. & Small, S. L. (1983) A connectionist scheme for word sense disambiguation. Cognition and Brain Theory 6:89–120.[SLS]Google Scholar
Cullingford, B. E. (1978) Script application: Computer understanding of newspaper stories. Yale University Computer Science Research Report 116. [taRW]Google Scholar
Davis, M. S. (1971) That's interesting! Toward a phenomenology of sociology and a sociology of phenomenology. Philosophy of the Social Sciences 1:309–44. [BKB]Google Scholar
Deering, M., Faletti, J. & Wilensky, R. (1982) Using the PEARL Al Package. Berkeley Electronic Research Laboratory Memorandum No. UCB/ERL/M82/19. 03 1982. [TaRW]Google Scholar
vanDijk, T. A. Dijk, T. A. (1972) Some aspects of text grammars. Mouton. [TAvD]Google Scholar
vanDijk, T. A. Dijk, T. A. (1975) Recalling and summarizing complex discourse. Unpublished manuscript, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands. [TAvD, taRW]Google Scholar
vanDijk, T. A. Dijk, T. A. (1976) Philosophy of action and theory of narrative. Poetics 5:287–338. [WFB, TAvD]Google Scholar
vanDijk, T. A. Dijk, T. A. (1977) Semantic macro-structures and knowledge frames in discourse comprehension. In: Cognitive processes in comprehension, ed. Just, M. A. & Carpenter, P. A., pp. 3–32. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. [MM]Google Scholar
vanDijk, T. A. Dijk, T. A. (1977) Text and context. Longman [TAvD]Google Scholar
vanDijk, T. A. Dijk, T. A. (1978) Recalling and summarizing complex discourse. In: Text processing, eds. Hölker, K. & Burghardt, W.. de Cruyter. [TAvD]Google Scholar
vanDijk, T. A. Dijk, T. A. (1980a) Macrostructures: An interdisciplinary study of global structures in discourse, interaction and cognition. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. [TAvD]Google Scholar
vanDijk, T. A. Dijk, T. A. (1980b) Story comprehension: An introduction. Poetics 9:1–21. [TAvD]Google Scholar
vanDijk, T. A. Dijk, T. A. & Kintsch, W. (1978) Cognitive psychology and discourse: Recalling and summarizing stories. In: Current trends in text linguistics, ed. Dressler, W. U.. de Gruyter. [TAvD]Google Scholar
vanDijk, T. A. Dijk, T. A. & Kintsch, W. (1983) Strategies of discourse comprehension. Academic Press. [TAvO]Google Scholar
Dundes, A. (1964) The morphology of North American Indian folktales. Helsinki: Folklore Fellows Communication 195. [DS]Google Scholar
Dyer, M. G. (1981a) $RESTAURANT revisited or ‘Lunch with BORIS.” In: Proceedings of the Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 234–36. [MCD]Google Scholar
Dyer, M. C. (1981b) Integration, unification, reconstruction, modification: An eternal parsing braid. In: Proceedings of the Seventh International joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 37–42. [MCD]Google Scholar
Dyer, M. C. (1982) In-depth understanding: A computer model of integrated processing for narrative comprehension. Ph.D. dissertation, Research Report #219, Computer Science Department, Yale University. [MCD, DLW]Google Scholar
Dyer, M. G. (1983) The role of affect in narratives. Cognitive Science. 7(3) in press. [MCD]Google Scholar
Dyer, M. C. & Lehnert, W. G. (1982) Question answering for narrative memory. In: Language and Comprehension, ed. Ny, J. F. Le & Kintsch, W., pp. 339–58. North-Holland. [MCD]Google Scholar
Ehlich, K. ed. (1980) Erzählen im Alltag. Frankfurt: Suhrkamp. [TAvD]Google Scholar
Erlich, V. (1980) Russian formalism. Mouton. [WFB]Google Scholar
Feldman, J. A. & Ballard, D. H. (1982) Connectionist models and their properties. Cognitive Science 6:205–54. [SLS]Google Scholar
Feldman, B. (Forthcoming) Asserting sentences. [DPe]Google Scholar
Fillmore, C. J. (1968) The case for case. In: Universals in linguistic theory, ed. Bach, E. & Harms, R. T., pp. 1–90. Holt, Rinehart, & Winston. [JMK]Google Scholar
Frederiksen, C. H. (1972) Effects of task-induced cognitive operations on comprehension and memory processes. In: Language comprehension and the acquisition of knowledge, ed. Carroll, J. B. & Freedle, R. O.. Winston. [THC]Google Scholar
Frisch, A. M. & Perlis, D. (1981) A re-evaluation of story grammars. Cognitive Science 5:79–86. [DPe, JMM, taRW]Google Scholar
Garnham, A., Oakhill, J. & Johnson-Laird, P. N. (1982) Referential continuity and the coherence of discourse. Cognition 11:29–46. [CP]Google Scholar
Genette, G. (1980) Narrative discourse: An essay in method. Cornell University Press. [DS]Google Scholar
Gomulicki, B. R. (1956) Recall as an abstractive process. Acta Psychologica 12:77–94. [JCM]Google Scholar
Graesaer, A. C. (1981) Prose comprehension beyond the word. SpringerVerlag. [ACC]Google Scholar
Grice, P. (1975) Logic and conversation. In: Syntax and semantics, Vol. 3. Speech acts, ed. Cole, P. & Morgan, J. L., pp. 41–127. Academic Press. [CP]Google Scholar
Haas, A. (1982) Planning mental actions. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Rochester. [DPe]Google Scholar
Haberlandt, K. (1980) Story grammar and reading time of story constituents. Poetics 9:99–118. [JMM]Google Scholar
Hajičová, E. & Vrbová, J. (1982) On the role of the hierarchy of activation in the process of natural language understanding. In: COLINC 82 – Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Computational Linguistics, ed. Horecký, J. pp. 107–13. Amsterdam, North-Holland, and Prague, Academia. [PS]Google Scholar
Hausenblas, K. (1964) On the characterization and classffication of discourses. In: Travaux linguistiques de Prague 1, ed Vachek, J., pp. 67–84. Prague, Academia. [PS]Google Scholar
Hayes, P. J. (1978) The naive physics manifesto. Working Paper #34, Institut Dalle Molle pour les Etudes Semantiques et Cognitives de l'Universitê de Cenéve. [SLS]Google Scholar
Hymes, D., ed. (1962) Language in culture and society. Harper & Row. [TAvD]Google Scholar
Johnson-Laird, P. (1983) Mental models. Oxford University Press. [TAvD]Google Scholar
Jung, C. G. (1967) The archetypes and the collective unconscious. In: Collected works of C. C. Jung, vol. 9, part I. trans. Hull, R. F. C.. Bollingen Series XX. Princeton University Press. [SLS]Google Scholar
Kintsch, W. (1977) Understanding stories. In: Cognitive processes in comprehension, eds. Just, M. & Carpenter, P.. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. [TAvD]Google Scholar
Kintsch, W. (1980) Learning from text, levels of comprehension, or: Why anyone would read a story anyway. Poetics 9:87–98. [WFB]Google Scholar
Kintsch, W. & van, Oijk T. A. (1975) Comment on Se rappelle et on résume des hiatoires. Langages 40:98–128. [TAvD]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kintsch, W. & van, Oijk T. A. (1978) Toward a model of text comprehension and production. Psychological Review 85:363–94. [TAvD, THC, taRW]Google Scholar
Kintach, W. & Greene, E. (1978) The role of culture-specific schemata in the comprehension and recall of stories. Discourse Processes 1:1–13. [TAvD]Google Scholar
Kintsch, W. et al. , (1975) Comprehension and recall of text as a function of content variables. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 14:196–214. [taRW[Google Scholar
Labov, W. (1972) The transformation of experience in narrative syntax. In: Language in the inner city, ed. Labov, W.. University of Pennsylvania Press. [TAvD]Google Scholar
Labov, W. & Waletzky, J. (1967) Narrative analysis: Oral versions of personal experience. In: Essays on the verbal and visual arts, ed. Helm, J.. University of Washington Press. [TAvD]Google Scholar
Lakoff, G. P. (1972) Structural complexity in fairy tales. The Study of Man 1:128–90. [taRW]Google Scholar
Lehnert, W. G. (1981) Plot units and narrative summarization. Cognitive Science 5:293–332. [ACG]Google Scholar
Lehnert, W. G. (1982a) Plot units and narrative summarization. Cognitive Science 5:293–331. [JBB]Google Scholar
Lehnert, W. G. (1982b) Plot units: A narrative summarization strategy. In: Strategies for natural language processing, ed. Lehnert, W. G. & Ringle, M. H., pp. 375–412. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. [THC, ACG, taRW]Google Scholar
Lichtenstein, E. H., & Brewer, W. F. (1980) Memory for goal-directed events. Cognitive Psychology 12:412–45. [WFB]Google Scholar
Linde, C. (1983) The creation of coherence in life stories. Ablex. [JCM]Google Scholar
Mandler, J. M. (1978) A code in the node: The use of a story schema in retrieval. Discourse Processes 1:14–35. [WFB, JMM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mandler, J. M. (1982a) Recent research on story grammars. In: Language and comprehension, ed. Ny, J. F. Le & Kintsch, W.. North-Holland. [JMM]Google Scholar
Mandler, J. M. (1982b) Some uses and abuses of story grammar. Discourse Processes 5:305–18. [ACC]Google Scholar
Mandler, J. M. & Goodman, M. S. (1982) On the psychological validity of story structure. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 21:507–23. [JMK, JMM]Google Scholar
Mandler, J. M. & Johnson, N. S. (1977) Remembrance of things parsed: Story structure and recall. Cognitive Psychology 9:111–51. [ACG, JMK, NLS, taRW]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mandler, J. M. & Johnson, N. S. (1980) On throwing out the baby with the bathwater: A reply to Black and Wilensky's evaluation of story grammars. Cognitive Science 4:305–12. [JMK, JMM, taRW]Google Scholar
Markman, E. M. (1981) Comprehension monitoring. In: Children's oral communication skills, ed. Dickson, W. P., pp. 61–84. Academic Press. [CB]Google Scholar
Martin, M. (1982) Working memory and contextual processing in reading. In: Discourse processing, ed. Flammer, A. & Kintsch, W., pp. 239–50. North-Holland. [MM]Google Scholar
Martin, M., Ward, J. C. & Clark, D. M. (in press) Neuroticism and the recall of positive and negative personality information. Behaviour Research and Therapy. [MM]Google Scholar
Meehan, J. R. (1976) The metanovel: Writing stories by computer. Department of Computer Science Research Report No. 74. Yale University. [WFB]Google Scholar
Meyer, B. J. F. (1975) The organization of prose and its effects on memory. North-Holland. [THC]Google Scholar
Meyer, B. J. F. (1977) What is remembered from prose: A function of passage structure. In: Discourse production and comprehension, vol. 1, ed. Freedle, R. O., pp. 307–36. [THC]Google Scholar
Minsky, M. (1974) A framework for representing knowledge. MIT Al Memo no. 306. [taRW]Google Scholar
Moore, R. & Hendrix, G. (1979) Computational models of belief and semantics of belief sentences. Tech Note 187, Stanford Research Institute. [DPe]Google Scholar
Morgan, J. L. & Sellner, M. B. (1980) Discourse and linguistic theory. In: Theoretical issues in reading comprehension, ed. Spiro, B. J., Bruce, B. C. & Brewer, W. F., pp. 165–200. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. [DLW]Google Scholar
Muth, K. D., Britton, B. K.: Glynn, S. M. & Yu, T. (1983) Cognitive demands in reading narrative and expository texts: Effects of content structure. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association. ]BKB[Google Scholar
Newman, E. (1835) The grammar of entomology. Westley, F. and Davis, A. H.. [MM]Google Scholar
Nezworski, T., Stein, N. L. & Trabasso, T. (1982) Story structure versus content in children's recall. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 21:196–206. [JMK]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Omanson, R. C. (1982) An analysis of narratives: Identifying central, supportive, and distracting content. Discourse Processes 5:195–224. [ACG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paris, P., Scardamalia, M. & Bereiter, C. (1983) Developmental differences in mental representations of one's own text. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Montreal. [CB]Google Scholar
Parisi, D. & Giorgi, A. (1983) A procedure for the construction of the meaning of sentences. Istituto di Psicologia, C.N.R., Rome. [DPa]Google Scholar
Partee, B. & Bach, E. (1981) Quantification, pronouns and VP anaphora. In: Formal methods in the study of language, ed. Groenendijk, J. A. G., Janssen, T. M. V., & Stockhof, M. B. Y., pp. 445–81. Amsterdam. [PS]Google Scholar
Perfetti, C. A. & Goldman, S. R. (1975) Discourse functions of thematization and topicalization. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research 4:257–71. [THC]Google Scholar
Perlis, D. (1981) Language, computation, and reality. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Rochester. [DPe]Google Scholar
Pléh, C. (1982) Relationships between story structure and memory organization. Dissertation. Budapest (Manuscript in Hungarian). [CP]Google Scholar
Polanyi, L. (1983) The American story. Ablex. [TAvD]Google Scholar
Prince, C. (1973) A grammar of stories. Mouton. [TAvD]Google Scholar
Prince, C. (1982) Narratology. Mouton. [TAvD]Google Scholar
Propp, V. (1968) Morphology of the folktale. University of Texas Press. Original published in 1928. [TAvD, CP, DS, taRW]Google Scholar
Pylyshyn, Z. W. (1973) What the mind's eye tells the mind's brain: A critique of mental imagery. Psychological Bulletin 80:1–24. [CP]Google Scholar
Quasthoff, U. (1980) Erzählen in Gesprächen. T¨bingen: Narr. [TAvD]Google Scholar
Reiser, B. J. & Black, J. B. (1982) Processing and structural models of comprehension. Text 2:223–52. [JBB]Google Scholar
Reiser, B. J., Black, J. B. & Lehnert, W. G. (1982) Thematic knowledge structures in the understanding and generation of narratives. Yale Cognitive Science Technical Report NO16, New Haven, Conn. [JBB]Google Scholar
Rieger, C. J. (1978) GRIND-I: First report of the Magic Grinder story comprehension project. Discourse Processes 1:267–303. [SLS]Google Scholar
Riesbeck, C. K. & Schank, R. C. (1976) Comprehension by computer: Expectation-based analysis of sentences in context. Research Report #78, Department of Computer Science, Yale University. [SLS]Google Scholar
Rumelhart, D. E. (1975) Notes on a schema for stories. In: Representation and understanding, ed. Bobrow, D. G. & Collins, A., pp. 211–36. Academic Press. [TAvD, SLS, DLW, taRW]Google Scholar
Rumelhart, D. E. (1977) Understanding and summarizing brief stories. In: Basic processes in reading: Perception and comprehension, ed. Laberge, D. & Samuels, S. J., pp. 265–303. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. [THC, MM, taRW]Google Scholar
Rumelhart, D. E. (1980) On evaluating story grammars. Cognitive Science 4:313–16. [JMM, taRW]Google Scholar
Scardamalia, M. & Bereiter, C. (in press) Development of strategies in text processing. In: Learning and comprehension of texts, ed. Mandl, H., Stein, N. & Trabasso, T.. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. [CB]Google Scholar
Schank, R. C. (1972) Conceptual dependency: A theory of natural language understanding. Cognitive Psychology 3:552–631. [SLS]Google Scholar
Schank, R. C. (1975) Conceptual information processing. North-Holland. [JMK, taRW]Google Scholar
Schank, R. C. (1975) The structure of episodes in memory. In: Representation and understanding, ed. Bobrow, D. C. & Collins, A., pp. 237–72. [CP]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schank, R. C. (1978) Interestingness: Controlling inferences. Yale University Department of Computer Science Research Report 145. [taRW]Google Scholar
Schank, R. C. (1982) Dynamic memory: A theory of reminding and learning in computers and people. Cambridge University Press. [TAvD, MGD]Google Scholar
Schank, R. C. & Abelson, R. P. (1977) Scripts, plans, goals and understanding. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. [taRW]Google Scholar
Schank, R. C. & Wilensky, R. (1978) A goal-directed production system for story understanding. In: Pattern-directed inference systems, ed. Waterman, D. A. & Hayes-Roth, F., pp. 415–30. Academic Press. [taRW]Google Scholar
Schank, R. C., Collins, G. C., Davis, E., Johnson, P. N., Lytinen, S. & Reiser, B. J. (1982) What's the point? Cognitive Science 6:255–76. [taRW]Google Scholar
Sgall, P. (1978) Remarks on text, language and communication. In: Text vs. sentence, ed. Petöfi, J., pp. 89–100. Hamburg, Buske Verlag. [PS]Google Scholar
Simon, H. A. (1969) The sciences of the artificial. MIT Press. [SLS]Google Scholar
Small, S. L. (1983) Parsing as cooperative distributed inference: Understanding through memory interactions. In: Parsing natural language, ed. King, M., pp. 247–76. Academic Press. [SLS]Google Scholar
Sperber, D. & Wilson, D. (1981) Pragmatics. Cognition 10(1–3):281–86. [DS]Google Scholar
Sperber, D. & Wilson, D. (1982) Mutual knowledge and relevance in theories of comprehension. In: Mutual knowledge, ed. Smith, N., pp. 61–131. Academic Press. [DS]Google Scholar
Stein, N. L. (1982) The definition of a story. Journal of Pragmatics 6:487–507. [NLS]Google Scholar
Stein, N. L. (in press) On the goals, functions, and knowledge of reading and writing. Contemporary Educational Psychology. [NLS]Google Scholar
Stein, N. L. & Glenn, C. G. (1979) An analysis of story comprehension in elementary school children. In: New directions in discourse processing, ed. Freedle, R.. Ablex. [THC, ACC, taRW]Google Scholar
Stein, N. L. & Kilgore, K. (1983) The concept of a story. Unpublished manuscript, University of Chicago. [NLS]Google Scholar
Stein, N. L. & Kilgore, K. (in preparation) Structural and affective factors in judgments of storiness. [NLS]Google Scholar
Stein, N. L. & Nezworski, T. (1978) The effect of organization and instructional set on story memory. Discourse Processes 1:177–93. [WFB]Google Scholar
Stein, N. L. & Policastro, M. (1983) The concept of a story: A comparison between children's and teacher's perspectives. In: Learning and comprehension of text, ed. Mandl, H., Stein, N. L. & Trabasso, T.. Lawrence Erlbaurn Associates. [JMM, NLS]Google Scholar
Stein, N. L. & Policastro, M. (in preparation) The development of the story concept. [NLS]Google Scholar
Sternberg, M. (1978) Erpositional modes and temporal ordering in fiction. Johns Hopkins University Press. [WFB]Google Scholar
Thompson, S. (1932–1936) Motif-index of folk-literature: A classification of narrative elements in folktales, ballads, myths, fables, mediaeval romances, exempla, fabliaux, jest-books, and local legends. 6 vols. Indiana University Studies Nos. 96–97, 100, 101, 105–106, 108–110, 111–112. [DS]Google Scholar
Thonsdyke, P. W. (1977) Cognitive structures in comprehension and memory of narrative discourse. Cognitive Psychology 9:77–110. [WFB, THC taRW]Google Scholar
Todorov, T. (1968) La grammaire du récit. Langages 12:94–102.Google Scholar
English translation in: Todorov, T. (1977) Poetics of prose. Cornell University Press. [DS]Google Scholar
Trabasso, T., Secco, T. & vanden Broek, P. den Broek, P. (in press) Causal cohesion and story coherence, In: Learning and comprehension of text, ed. Mandl, H., Stein, N. L. & Trabasso, T.. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. [ACG]Google Scholar
Veselovsky, A. N. (1940) Istoricheskaja poetika. Leningrad. [DS]Google Scholar
VonNeumann, J. Neumann, J. (1958) The computer and the brain. Yale University Press. [SLS]Google Scholar
Vygotsky, L. S. (1971) The psychology of art. MIT Press. [NLS]Google Scholar
Whaley, J. F. (1981) Readers' expectations for story structures. Reading Research Quarterly 17:90–114. [JMM]Google Scholar
Whaley, J. F. (1978) Understanding goal-based stories. Research Report #140, Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. [taRW]Google Scholar
Whaley, J. F. (1980a) Points: A theory of story content. Berkeley Electronic Research Laboratory Memorandum No. UCB/ERL/M80/17. [taRW]Google Scholar
Whaley, J. F. (1980b) What's the point? In: Proceedings of the Third National Conference of the Canadian Society for the Computational Studies of Intelligence. Victoria, British Columbia, 05 1980. [taRW]Google Scholar
Whaley, J. F. (1981c) Understanding goal-based stories. Ph.D. thesis, Yale University. Outstanding Dissertations in the Computer Sciences Series. Garland Publishing. [taRW]Google Scholar
Whaley, J. F. (1982) Toward a theory of stories. In: Strategies for natural language processing, ed. Lehnert, W. G. & Ringle, M. H., pp. 345–74. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. [taRW]Google Scholar
Whaley, J. F. (1983) Planning and understanding. Addison-Wesley. [ACC, taRW]Google Scholar
Wilensky, R. & Arens, Y. (1980) PH RAN – A knowledge-based approach to natural language analysis. Berkeley Electronic Research Laboratory Memorandum No. UCB/ERL/M80/34. 08, 1980. [taRW]Google Scholar
Wilson, D. & Sperber, D. (forthcoming) On defining relevance. In: Philosophical grounds of rationality, ed. Grandy, B.. Oxford University Press. [DS]Google Scholar
Yekovich, F. R. & Thorndyke, P. W. (1981) An evaluation of alternative functional models of narrative schemata. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 20:454–69. [THC]Google Scholar
Young, G. C. D. & Martin, M. (1981) Processing of information about self by neurotics. British Journal of Clinical Psychology 20:205–12. [MM]Google Scholar
Zan, Y. (1980) Theoretical and methodological foundations for a scientific knowledge of narrative phenomena. Ph.D. dissertation: University of California at Los Angeles. [DS]Google Scholar
Zan, Y. (forthcoming) Towards a functional approach to narrative structure. [DS]Google Scholar