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Caerleon Lodge Hill Cemetery: the Abbeyfield Site 19921

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 November 2011

Edith Evans ,
D.J. Maynard ,
David R. Evans ,
Susan A. Fox ,
J.L. Wilkinson  and
J. David Zienkiewicz
Edith Evans
Affiliation:
Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust
D.J. Maynard
Affiliation:
Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust
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Extract

In 1990 the Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust was approached by Gwent Health Authority with respect to the archaeological potential of the areas of three developments proposed in the grounds of St Cadoc's Hospital on Lodge Hill, Caerleon. These were a College of Nursing and Midwifery at ST 3344 9095, a sheltered housing development to be built by the Abbeyfield (Gwent) Extra Care Society at ST 3280 9097, and a housing estate on an area centred at ST 3283 9090. All three lay within the area of the Lodge Hill Roman cemetery, close to where a cremation and two tombstones (RIB 358 and 392) had been found in 1909 and a sculptured head of Attis in 1972 (see FIGS 1-2). The sheltered housing scheme had already received outline permission. At the same time a watching-brief was being carried out on the widening of Pil-bach Road and the insertion of a new sewer adjacent to the Abbeyfield site.

Type
Articles
Information
Britannia , Volume 28 , November 1997 , pp. 169 - 243
Copyright
Copyright © Edith Evans and D. J. Maynard 1997. Exclusive Licence to Publish: The Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies

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References

2 Boon, G.C., Isca: The Roman Legionary Fortress at Caerleon, Mon. (1972), 106, 108–9, 112Google Scholar

3 This may also be the case with the fragment of building inscription found in this area in 1960 (JRS li (1961), 192).

4 No further work has been done on the third site, the proposed housing estate, since at the time of writing there are no plans to proceed with this development.

5 I.D. Margary, Roman Roads (3rd edn, 1973), 324-5, no. 60b; Boon, op. cit. (note 2), 16 and fig. 3.

6 J.D. Zienkiewicz, ‘Excavations at Bulmore’, (forthcoming).

7 See note 5.

8 Courtney, P., The Rural Landscape of Eastern and Lower Gwent AD 1070-1750, unpub. thesis, University of Wales (1983)Google Scholar ; information from Miss C.I. Bibby.

9 cf. the construction method suggested for the barracks at ‘Sandygate’, Cold Bath Road, Caerleon, Evans, E.M., ‘Excavations at Sandygate, Caerleon’, Britannia xxii (1991), 113.Google Scholar

10 ibid., 114 note 20.

11 There was some doubt about some of the patches of cremated material disturbed by the gas-pipe trench (see above, p. 172).

12 The term ‘non-juvenile’ used in Tables 1, 2, and 5, and in the report on the skeletal material, refers to individuals who were not children but who might have been adolescents rather than adults.

13 Puberty is taken as being at 12 years. For children under this age no sex determination can be given from the skeletal remains, whereas the two individuals in the next age group (15-18) to appear on the Abbeyfield could both be identified as to sex.

14 This figure includes those for which no age or sex determination was possible and which therefore do not appear on Table 2.

15 L.P. Wenham, The Romano-British Cemetery at Trentholme Drive, York (1968), 21-4.

16 Excluding disturbed burials.

17 Vitruvius IV.1.9.

18 Though there are few of these, see Philpott, R., Burial Practices in Roman Britain, BAR 219 (1991), 220.Google Scholar

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20 ibid., 220.

21 Both of these cists were attacked by looters (see above p. 183) before they could be excavated properly: 356 was damaged and 354 completely destroyed.

22 Philpott, op. cit. (note 18), 9.

23 ibid., 11, n. 14.

24 ibid., 36.

25 contra Philpott, op. cit. (note 18), 8.

26 For example see J.E. Lee, Isca Silurum; or an Illustrated Catalogue of the Museum of Antiquities at Caerleon (1862), pl. 33.5 ; J.D. Zienkiewicz, The Legionary Fortress Baths at Caerleon: vol. II. The Finds (1986), 189 and fig. 63.

27 Although boxes need not be constructed using nails.

28 Coffins possibly evidenced by presence of wood-nails; see below p. 238 for discussion and p. 237 for classification criteria for hobnails and wood-nails.

29 Philpott, op. cit. (note 18), 192.

30 ibid., 165-7.

31 ibid., 164.

32 A list of animal remains from all contexts can be found in the archive.

33 See Philpott, op. cit. (note 18), 196-7.

34 Zienkiewicz, op. cit. (note 26), 225-9.

35 A full description of the remains can be found in the archive.

36 P. Bidwell, ‘The exterior decoration of Roman buildings in Britain’, in P. Johnson (ed.), Architecture in Roman Britain (1996), 19-20.

37 Faider-Feytmans, G., ‘Le pilier funaire du site des Castellains à Fontaine-Valmont’, Revue du Nord 66, no. 260, Numéro spécial: Melanges offerts à Ernest Will (1984), 149.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

38 W. Artner, ‘Das Römerzeitliche Gräberfeld von Gleisdorf in der Oststeiermark’, in P. Scherrer (ed.), Akten des 3 Österreichischen Archäologentases Innsbruck (1989), Abb. 2.

39 G. Téglas, Hunyadmegyei Történlmi es Régeszeli Tarsulat Ev Könye (1902), 119 fig. 193.

40 Marinescu, L. Teposu, Funerary Monuments in Dacia Porolissensis, BAR S128 (1982).Google Scholar

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42 For a summary of the evidence see P. Grimal, Les jardins romaines (1943), 63 n. 4 ; J.-J. Hatt, La tombe galloromaine (1951), 71-2 ; and J.M.C. Toynbee, Death and Burial in the Roman World (1971), 95-100.

43 Huelson, C., ‘Piante iconografiche incise in marmo’, Roemische Mitteilung v (1890), 48Google Scholar ; W.F. Jashemski, The Gardens of Pompeii (1979), 144-7.

44 CIL XIII.5708; Hatt, op. cit. (note 42), 65-9.

45 R. Ling, Roman Painting (1991), 108-11, 142-9, 183.

46 Grimal, op. cit. (note 42), 321-2 and n. 4.

47 ibid., 356-7.

48 To be published by J. Compton and P.V. Webster in E.M. Evans, The Caerleon Canabae: Excavations in the Civil Settlement 1984-90 (forthcoming).

49 Note for example a number of BB 1 wasters from the cemeteries of Roman London.

50 See Webster, P.V., ‘The feeding-cup: an unusual samian form’, in A.C. and Anderson, A.S., Roman Pottery Research in Britain and North-West Europe, BAR S 123(1981)Google Scholar , for an alternative view of their function.

53 The names used for tile types follow G. Brodribb, Roman Brick and Tile (1987).

54 On-going work by the author.