Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-8bhkd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T20:50:07.793Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The calcium and phosphorus intakes of rural Gambian women during pregnancy and lactation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Ann Prentice ,
M. Ann Laskey ,
Jacquie Shaw ,
Geoffrey J. Hudson ,
Kenneth C. Day ,
Landing M. A. Jarjou ,
Bakary Dibba  and
Alison A. Paul
Ann Prentice
Affiliation:
Medical Research Council Dunn Nutrition Unit, Downhams Lane, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 1XJ, UK, and Keneba, The Gambia
M. Ann Laskey
Affiliation:
Medical Research Council Dunn Nutrition Unit, Downhams Lane, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 1XJ, UK, and Keneba, The Gambia
Jacquie Shaw
Affiliation:
Medical Research Council Dunn Nutrition Unit, Downhams Lane, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 1XJ, UK, and Keneba, The Gambia
Geoffrey J. Hudson
Affiliation:
Medical Research Council Dunn Nutrition Unit, Downhams Lane, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 1XJ, UK, and Keneba, The Gambia
Kenneth C. Day
Affiliation:
Medical Research Council Dunn Nutrition Unit, Downhams Lane, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 1XJ, UK, and Keneba, The Gambia
Landing M. A. Jarjou
Affiliation:
Medical Research Council Dunn Nutrition Unit, Downhams Lane, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 1XJ, UK, and Keneba, The Gambia
Bakary Dibba
Affiliation:
Medical Research Council Dunn Nutrition Unit, Downhams Lane, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 1XJ, UK, and Keneba, The Gambia
Alison A. Paul
Affiliation:
Medical Research Council Dunn Nutrition Unit, Downhams Lane, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 1XJ, UK, and Keneba, The Gambia
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The Ca and P intakes of 148 pregnant and lactating women in a rural village in The Gambia. West Africa, have been estimated by direct weighing of food on a total of 4188 d. The Ca and P contents of local foods were determined by analysis of raw ingredients, snack foods and prepared dishes. Information about the contribution of mineral-rich seasonings was obtained. Efforts were made to discover unusual sources of Ca that might not be perceived as food by subject or observer. The main contributors to daily Ca intake were shown to be leaves, fish, cereals, groundnuts and local salt. Cow's milk accounted for only 5 % of Ca intake. Unusual sources of Ca were discovered, namely baobab (Adansonia digitata) fruit and selected earths, but these were consumed infrequently and their contributions to Ca intakes were small. Cereals and groundnuts were the main sources of P. Ca and P intakes (mg/d) were shown to average 404 (SD 110) and 887 (SD 219) respectively. Seasonal changes in the availability of leaves, cereals and groundnuts resulted in variations in Ca and P intakes. The rainy season was associated with increased Ca intakes (by 16%) but decreased P consumption (by 15%). No difference was observed in Ca intake between pregnant and lactating women but P intake in lactation was 11 % higher than that in pregnancy during the post-harvest season. The implications of these low Ca intakes require investigation.

Keywords

CalciumPhosphorusPregnancyLactation
Type
Mineral Metabolism
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 69 , Issue 3 , May 1993 , pp. 885 - 896
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1993

References

Allen, L. H. (1982). Calcium bioavailability and absorption: a review. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 35, 783–808.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baker, P. P. & Mazess, R. B. (1963). Calcium: unusual sources in the Highland Peruvian diet. Science 142, 1466–1467.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Black, A. E., Wiles, S. J. & Paul, A. A. (1986). The nutrient intakes of pregnant and lactating mothers of good socio-economic status in Cambridge, UK: some implications for recommended daily allowance of minor nutrients. British Journal of Nutrition 56, 59–72.Google Scholar
Brand, J. C., Cherikoff, V., Lee, A. & McDonnell, J. (1982). Nutrients in important bushfoods. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society of Australia 1, 50–54.Google Scholar
Department of Health (1991). Dietary Reference Values for Food Energy and Nutrientsfor the United Kingdom. Report of the Panel on Dietary Reference Values of the Committee on Medical Aspecis of Food Policy. Report on Health and Social Subjects no. 41. London: H.M. Stationery Office.Google Scholar
Eaton, S. B. & Konner, M. (1985). Paleolithic nutrition. A consideration of its nature and current implications. New England Journal of Medicine 312, 283–289.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eaton, S. B. & Nelson, D. A. (1991). Calcium in evolutionary perspective. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 54, 281S–287s.Google Scholar
Food and Agriculture Organization/US Department of Health, Education and Welfare (1968). Food Composition Tables for Use in Africa. Bethesda: National Center for Chronic Disease Control.Google Scholar
Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization (1962). Calcium Requirements. Report of an FAO/WHO Expert Group. Rome: FAO.Google Scholar
Harris, R. S. (1945). An approach to the nutrition problems of other nations. Science 102, 42–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hongo, T., Suzuki, T., Ohtsuka, R., Kawabe, T., Inaoka, T. & Akimichi, T. (1989). Element intake of the Gidra in lowland Papua: inter-village variation and the comparison with contemporary levels in developed countries. Ecology of Food and Nutrition 23, 293–309.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hudson, G. J., John, P. M. V. & Paul, A. A. (1980). Variation in the composition of Gambian foods: the importance of water in relation to energy and protein content. Ecology of Food and Nutrition 10, 917.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laskey, M. A., Prentice, A., Shaw, J., Zachou, T., Ceesay, S. M., Vasquez-Velasquez, L. & Fraser, D. R. (1990). Breast-milk calcium concentrations during prolonged lactation in British and rural Gambian mothers. Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica 79, 507–512.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Laskey, M. A., Dibba, B. & Prentice, A. (1991). Low ratios of calcium to phosphorus in the breastmilk of rural Gambian mothers. Acta Paediatricu Scandinavica 80, 250–251.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lawrence, M. & Whitehead, R. G. (1988). Physical activity and total energy expenditure of child-bearing Gambian village women. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 42, 145–160.Google ScholarPubMed
McCrae, J. E. & Paul, A. A. (1979). Foods of Rural Gambia. Cambridge: Dunn Nutrition Unit.Google Scholar
Norton, H. H., Hum, E. S., Martinsen, C. S. & Keely, P. B. (1984). Vegetable food products of the foraging economies of the Pacific Northwest. Ecology of Food and Nutrition 14, 219–228.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paul, A. A. & Muller, E. M. (1980). Seasonal variations in dietary intake in pregnant and lactating women in a rural Gambian village. In Maternal Nutrition during Pregnancy and Lactation, pp. 105–116 [Aebi, H. and Whitehead, R., editors]. Bern: Hans Huber.Google Scholar
Paul, A. A. & Southgate, D. A. T. (1978). McCance and Widdowson's The Composition of Foods, 4th ed. London: H.M. Stationery Office.Google Scholar
Platt, B. S. (1962). Tables of Representative Values of Foods Commonly Used in Tropical Countries. Medical Research Council Special Report Series no. 302. London: H.M. Stationery Office.Google Scholar
Prentice, A. (1991). Functional significances of marginal calcium deficiency. In Modern Lifesfyks, Lower Energy Intake and Micronutrient Status, pp. 139–154 [Peitrzik, K., editor]. London: Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar
Prentice, A., Shaw, J., Laskey, M. A., Cole, T. J. & Fraser, D. R. (1991). Bone mineral content of British and rural Gambian women aged 18 80+ years. Bone and Mineral 12, 201–214.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Prentice, A. M. (1985). Maternal and Child Publicutions 1974–1984. Cambridge: Dunn Nutrition Unit.Google Scholar
Prentice, A. M., Whitehead, R. G., Roberts, S. B. & Paul, A. A. (1981). Long-term energy balance in child-bearing Gambian women. American Journal of Clinicul Nutrition 34, 2190–2199.Google Scholar
Pun, K. K., Chan, L. W. L., Chung, V. & Wong, F. H. W. (1991). Calcium content of common food items in Chinese diet. Calcified Tissue International 48, 153–156.Google Scholar
Schofield, C., Stewart, J. & Wheeler, E. (1989). The diets of pregnant and post-pregnant women in different social groups in London and Edinburgh: calcium, iron, retinol, ascorbic acid and folic acid. British Journal of Nutrition 62, 363–377.Google Scholar
Singh, J. S., Prentice, A. M., Diaz, E., Coward, W. A., Ashford, J., Sawyer, M. & Whitehead, R. G. (1989). Energy expenditure of Gambian women during peak agricultural activity measured by the doubly-labelled water method. British Journal of Nutrition 62, 315–329.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Truswell, A. S., Irwin, T., Beaton, G. H., Haenel, H., Hejda, S., Hou, X.-C., Leveille, G., Morava, E., Pedersen, J. & Stephen, J. M. L. (1983). Recommended dietary intakes around the world. Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews 53, 1075–1119.Google Scholar
Wehmeyer, A. S. (1966). The nutrient composition of some edible wild fruits found in the Transvaal. South African Medical Journal 40, 1102–1104.Google ScholarPubMed
Wehmeyer, A. S., Lee, R. B. & Whiting, M. (1969). The nutrient composition and dietary importance of some foods eaten by the Kung Bushmen. South African Medical Journal 43, 1529–1530.Google ScholarPubMed
West, C. E., Pepping, F. & Temalilwa, C. R. (1988). The Composition of Foods Commonly Eaten in East Africa. Wageningen: Wageningen Agricultural University.Google Scholar