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The effects of the fibre content and physical structure of carrots on satiety and subsequent intakes when eaten as part of a mixed meal

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 April 2007

S. Anne Moorhead ,
Robert W. Welch ,
M. Barbara ,
E. Livingstone ,
Maeve McCourt ,
Amy A. Burns  and
Adrian Dunne
S. Anne Moorhead
Affiliation:
Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK
Robert W. Welch*
Affiliation:
Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK
M. Barbara
Affiliation:
Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK
E. Livingstone
Affiliation:
Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK
Maeve McCourt
Affiliation:
Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK
Amy A. Burns
Affiliation:
School of Hotel, Leisure and Tourism, University of Ulster, Portrush BT56 8JL, UK
Adrian Dunne
Affiliation:
Statistics Department, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
*
*Corresponding author: Dr Robert W Welch, fax +44 28 70324965, email rw.welch@ulster.ac.uk
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Abstract

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Previous research indicates that vegetables yield relatively high satiety scores, and that fibre content and structure may both contribute to these effects. This study evaluated the effects of the fibre content and physical structure (gross anatomy and cell structure) of carrots on postprandial satiety and subsequent food intakes when consumed as part of a mixed meal. Using a randomised, repeated-measures, within-subject cross-over design, young women consumed a standardised breakfast and test lunches on three occasions, 4 weeks apart. The test lunches (3329kJ) comprised boiled rice (200g) with sweet and sour sauce (200g) that included chicken (200g) and carrots (200g) in three conditions: whole carrots (fibre and structure; n 34), blended carrots (fibre but no structure; n 34) or carrot nutrients (no fibre or structure; n 32). The carrot nutrients had the same energy, major nutrients and portion weight as the other two conditions. Post-lunch satiety was assessed by visual analogue scales. Intakes were covertly weighed at a meal eaten ad libitum (3h later), and for the remainder of the day using food diaries. Compared with the meal with carrot nutrients, meals with whole carrots and blended carrots resulted in significantly (P<0·05) higher satiety. There were significant (P<0·05) differences between conditions in intakes at the meal eaten ad libitum and for the remainder of the day, and intakes consistently decreased in the order: carrot nutrients, blended carrots, whole carrots, indicating that both fibre content and structure played a role in these effects.

Keywords

SatietyEnergy intakeCarrotsFibreFood structure
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 96 , Issue 3 , September 2006 , pp. 587 - 595
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2006

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