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Estimated intake of milk fat is negatively associated with cardiovascular risk factors and does not increase the risk of a first acute myocardial infarction. A prospective case–control study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Eva Warensjö ,
Jan-Håkan Jansson ,
Lars Berglund ,
Kurt Boman ,
Bo Ahrén ,
Lars Weinehall ,
Bernt Lindahl ,
Göran Hallmans  and
Bengt Vessby
Eva Warensjö
Affiliation:
Unit for Clinical Nutrition Research, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
Jan-Håkan Jansson
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine-Geriatric, Skellefteå County Hospital, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
Lars Berglund
Affiliation:
Unit for Clinical Nutrition Research, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
Kurt Boman
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine-Geriatric, Skellefteå County Hospital, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
Bo Ahrén
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
Lars Weinehall
Affiliation:
Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
Bernt Lindahl
Affiliation:
Behavioral Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
Göran Hallmans
Affiliation:
Nutritional Research, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
Bengt Vessby*
Affiliation:
Unit for Clinical Nutrition Research, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
*
*Corresponding author: Dr Bengt Vessby, fax +46 18 611 7976, email bengt.vessby@pubcare.uu.se
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Abstract

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Milk fat is high in saturated fatty acids (SFA) and high intakes of SFA are associated with cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the present study was to prospectively evaluate the potential risk of a first-ever acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in relation to the estimated milk-fat intake, reflected as the proportions of pentadecanoic acid (15:0) and heptadecanoic acid (17:0) in serum lipid esters. This was evaluated in a study population selected within the Västerbotten Intervention Program and the northern Sweden ‘Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular disease’ survey populations. A prospective case–control design was used. The proportions of the biomarkers were lower in the cases (n78) than in the controls (n156), who were matched for age, sex, sampling time and geographical region. The standardised odds ratios of becoming an AMI case were between 0·7 and 0·8 for the biomarkers. The proportions of 15:0 and 17:0 in serum phospholipids were significantly and negatively correlated to serum concentrations of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, tissue-type plasminogen activator, triacylglycerols, insulin, specific insulin, pro-insulin and leptin (all P<0·0001), suggesting a negative relationship to the insulin-resistance syndrome and the risk of CHD. Adjustment for BMI did not materially change the relationships. Although there seems to be a negative association between milk-fat intake as mirrored by the proportions of 15:0 and 17:0 in serum lipid esters and a first-ever AMI, adjustment for clinical risk factors removed this relationship.

Keywords

Pentadecanoic acidHeptadecanoic acidMilk fatAcute myocardial infarction
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 91 , Issue 4 , April 2004 , pp. 635 - 642
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2004

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