Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-4rdpn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T20:08:44.428Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Long-term almond supplementation without advice on food replacement induces favourable nutrient modifications to the habitual diets of free-living individuals*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Karen Jaceldo-Siegl ,
Joan Sabaté ,
Sujatha Rajaram  and
Gary E. Fraser
Karen Jaceldo-Siegl*
Affiliation:
Departments of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
Joan Sabaté
Affiliation:
Departments of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
Sujatha Rajaram
Affiliation:
Departments of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
Gary E. Fraser
Affiliation:
Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
*
†Corresponding author: fax +1 909 558 0419, Email kjaceldo@sph.llu.edu
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Epidemiological and metabolic studies have shown that regular nut consumption may protect against risk of heart disease and diabetes. None has investigated the effect of adding nuts to a self-selected habitual diet (containing little or no nuts) on dietary patterns. The present study evaluated the impact of long-term almond supplementation in healthy men (n 43) and women (n 38) aged 25–70 years on nutrient profile and nutrient displacement. All subjects were followed for 1 year. During the first 6 months, subjects followed their habitual diets; in the second 6 months, subjects added almonds to their diets. Diets were assessed by seven random 24 h telephone diet recalls during each diet period. On average, the almond supplement was 52 g/d (about forty-two nuts) containing 1286 kJ. When subjects changed from their habitual diet to the almond-supplemented diet, the intakes of MUFA, PUFA, fibre, vegetable protein, α-tocopherol, Cu and Mg significantly (P>0·05) increased by 42, 24, 12, 19, 66, 15 and 23 % respectively; the intakes of trans fatty acids, animal protein, Na, cholesterol and sugars significantly (P>0·05) decreased by 14, 9, 21, 17 and 13 % respectively. These spontaneous nutrient changes closely match the dietary recommendations to prevent cardiovascular and other chronic diseases. Displacement estimates for total energy, total protein, total fat, SFA, MUFA, PUFA, total fibre, Ca, Fe, Mg, P, K, Zn and α-tocopherol ranged from 16 to 98 %; the estimates for total food weight, carbohydrate, sugars and Se were <245 %. A daily supplement of almonds can induce favourable nutrient modifications for chronic disease prevention to an individual's habitual diet.

Keywords

AlmondsHabitutal dietsNutrient intakeNutrient displacement
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 92 , Issue 3 , September 2004 , pp. 533 - 540
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2004

References

Albert, CM, Gaziano, JM, Willett, WC & Manson, JENut consumption and decreased risk of sudden cardiac death in the Physicians' Health Study. Arch Intern Med (2002) 162, 1382–1387CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Almario, RU, Vonghavaravat, V, Wong, R & Kasim-Karakas, SEEffects of walnut consumption on plasma fatty acids and lipoproteins in combined hyperlipidemia. Am J Clin Nutr (2001) 74, 72–79CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Alper, CM & Mattes, RDEffects of chronic peanut consumption on energy balance and hedonics. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord (2002) 26, 1129–1137CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Appel, LJ, Moore, TJ, Obarzanek, Eet al. A clinical trial of the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure. DASH Collaborative Research Group. N Engl J Med (1997) 336, 1117–1124CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Food and Nutrition Board, National Research Council Diet and Health: Implications for Reducing Chronic Disease Risk. Washington, DC: National Academy Press (1989)Google Scholar
Curb, JD, Wergowske, G, Dobbs, JC, Abbott, RD & Huang, BSerum lipid effects of a high-monounsaturated fat diet based on macadamia nuts. Arch Intern Med (2000) 160, 1154–1158CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Foltin, RW, Rolls, BJ, Moran, TH, Kelly, TH, McNelis, AL & Fischman, MWCaloric, but not macronutrient, compensation by humans for required-eating occasions with meals and snack varying in fat and carbohydrate. Am J Clin (1992) 55, 331–342 (erratum in Am J Clin Nutr (1992) 56, 954).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids. A Report of the Panel on Dietary Antioxidants and Related Compounds. Washington, DC: National Academy Press (2000)Google Scholar
Fraser, GE, Bennett, HW, Jaceldo, KB & Sabate, JEffect on body weight of a free 76 kilojoule (320 calorie) daily supplement of almonds for six months. J Am Coll Nutr (2002) 21, 275–283 (erratum in J Am Coll Nutr (2002) 21, 363).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fraser, GE, Sabate, J, Beeson, WL & Strahan, TMA possible protective effect of nut consumption on risk of coronary heart disease. The Adventist Health Study. Arch Intern Med (1992) 152, 1416–1424CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fung, TT, Rimm, EB, Spiegelman, D, Rifai, N, Tofler, GH, Willett, WC & Hu, FBAssociation between dietary patterns and plasma biomarkers of obesity and cardiovascular disease risk. Am J Clin Nutr (2001) 73, 61–67CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Green, SM, Burley, VJ & Blundell, JEEffect of fat- and sucrose-containing foods on the size of eating episodes and energy intake in lean males: potential for causing overconsumption. Eur J Clin Nutr (1994) 48, 547–555Google ScholarPubMed
Haddad, EVegetarian diets and dietary guidelines for chronic disease prevention: how meatless diets conform to current recommendations for healthy eating. In Vegetarian Nutrition, 551 [Sabate, J, editor]. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press (2001)Google Scholar
Hu, FB, Stampfer, MJ, Manson, JE, Rimm, EB, Colditz, GA, Rosner, BA, Speizer, FE, Hennekens, CH & Willett, WCFrequent nut consumption and risk of coronary heart disease in women: prospective cohort study. Br Med J (1998) 317, 1341–1345CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jenkins, DJ, Kendall, CW, Marchie, Aet al. The effect of combining plant sterols, soy protein, viscous fibers, and almonds in treating hypercholesterolemia. Metabolism (2003) 52, 1478–1483CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jiang, R, Manson, JE, Stampfer, MJ, Liu, S, Willett, WC & Hu, FBNut and peanut butter consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes in women. J Am Med Assoc (2002) 288, 2554–2560CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kris-Etherton, PM, Yu-Poth, S, Sabate, J, Ratcliffe, HE, Zhao, G & Etherton, TDNuts and their bioactive constituents: effects on serum lipids and other factors that affect disease risk. Am J Clin Nutr (1999) 70, 504S–511SCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lauber, RP & Sheard, NFThe American Heart Association Dietary Guidelines for 2000: a summary report. Nutr Rev (2001) 59, 298–306CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lovejoy, JC, Most, MM, Lefevre, M, Greenway, FL & Rood, JCEffect of diets enriched in almonds on insulin action and serum lipids in adults with normal glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes. Am J Clin Nutr (2002) 76, 1000–1006CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McManus, K, Antinoro, L & Sacks, FA randomized controlled trial of a moderate-fat, low-energy diet compared with a low fat, low-energy diet for weight loss in overweight adults. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord (2001) 25, 1503–1511CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Must, A, Dallal, GE & Dietz, WHReference data for obesity: 85th and 95th percentiles of body mass index (wt/ht2) and triceps skinfold thickness. Am J Clin Nutr (1991) 53, 839–846 (erratum in Am J Clin Nutr (1991) 54, 773).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
National Institutes of Health & National Health, Lung, and Blood Institute Clinical Guidelines on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults. The Evidence Report NIH Publication No. 98–4083. Bethesda, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, NIH, NHLBI (1998)Google Scholar
Norum, KR, Johansson, L, Botten, G, Bjorneboe, GE & Oshaug, ANutrition and food policy in Norway: effects on reduction of coronary heart disease. Nutr Rev (1997) 55, S32–S39CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Prineas, RJ, Kushi, LH, Folsom, AR, Bostick, RM & Wu, YWalnuts and serum lipids. N Engl J Med (1993) 329, 359, discussion 359–360Google ScholarPubMed
Rajaram, S, Burke, K, Connell, B, Myint, T & Sabate, JA monounsaturated fatty acid-rich pecan-enriched diet favorably alters the serum lipid profile of healthy men and women. J Nutr (2001) 131, 2275–2279.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rolls, BJ, Kim-Harris, S, Fischman, MW, Foltin, RW, Moran, TH & Stoner, SASatiety after preloads with different amounts of fat and carbohydrate: implications for obesity. Am J Clin Nutr (1994) 60, 476–487CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sabate, J & Fraser, GThe probable role of nuts in preventing coronary heart disease. Primary Cardiol (1993) 19, 65–72Google Scholar
Sabate, J, Haddad, E, Tanzman, JS, Jambazian, P & Rajaram, SSerum lipid response to the graduated enrichment of a step I diet with almonds: a randomized feeding trial. Am J Clin Nutr (2003) 77, 1379–1384CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sabate, J, Radak, T & Brown, JThe role of nuts in cardiovascular disease prevention. In Handbook of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, 477–495 [Wildman, REC, editor]. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press (2001)Google Scholar
Schakel, SF, Sievert, YA & Buzzard, IMSources of data for developing and maintaining a nutrient database. J Am Diet Assoc (1988) 88, 1268–1271CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Serra-Majem, L, Ferro-Luzzi, A, Bellizzi, M & Salleras, LNutrition policies in Mediterranean Europe. Nutr Rev (1997) 55, S42–S57CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sheskin, DJ (2000) Handbook of Parametric and Nonparametric Statistical Procedures, pp. 185–188Boca Raton, FL: Chapman, Hall/CRC.Google Scholar
Shikany, JM & White, GL Jr Dietary guidelines for chronic disease prevention. South Med J (2000) 93, 1138–1151CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Trumbo, P, Yates, AA, Schlicker, S & Poos, MDietary reference intakes: vitamin A, vitamin K, arsenic, boron, chromium, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, vanadium, and zinc. J Am Diet Assoc (2001) 101, 294–301CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wien, MA, Sabate, JM, Ikle, DN, Cole, SE & Kandeel, FRAlmonds vs complex carbohydrates in a weight reduction program. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord (2003) 27, 1365–1372CrossRefGoogle Scholar
World Health Organization Diet, Nutrition, and the Prevention of Chronic Diseases. Report of a WHO Study Group. World Health Organization Technical Reports Series no. 797. Geneva: WHO (1990)Google Scholar