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Methodological approaches to study dietary patterns in relation to risk of coronary heart disease and stroke

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 March 2007

Matthias B. Schulze  and
Kurt Hoffmann
Matthias B. Schulze*
Affiliation:
Department of Epidemiology,, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany,
Kurt Hoffmann
Affiliation:
Department of Epidemiology,, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany,
*
*Corresponding author: Dr Matthias B. Schulze, fax +49 33 200 88 721, email mschulze@mail.dife.de
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Abstract

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Dietary pattern analysis, which reflects the complexity of dietary intake, has received considerable attention by nutritional epidemiology. For a long time, two general approaches have been used to define these summary variables in observational studies. The exploratory approach is based only on the data of the study, whereas the hypothesis-oriented approach constructs pattern variables based on scientific evidence available before the study. Recently, a new statistical method, reduced rank regression, was applied to nutritional epidemiology that is exploratory by nature, but can use scientific evidence by focusing on disease-related dietary components or biomarkers. Several studies, both observational and clinical, suggest that dietary patterns may predict the risk of CHD and stroke. In the present review, we describe the results of these studies and the available evidence regarding the relationships between dietary patterns and risk of CVD and we discuss limitations and strengths of the statistical methods used toextract dietary patterns.

Keywords

Dietary patternsFood habitsCoronary heart diseaseStrokeStatistical methods
Type
Review Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 95 , Issue 5 , May 2006 , pp. 860 - 869
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2006

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