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Enhanced activity of carbohydrate- and lipid-metabolizing enzymes in insecticide-resistant populations of the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 February 2008

R.A. Araújo ,
R.N.C. Guedes ,
M.G.A. Oliveira  and
G.H. Ferreira
R.A. Araújo
Affiliation:
Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36571-000, Brazil: School of Biology, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK:
R.N.C. Guedes*
Affiliation:
Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36571-000, Brazil: Biological Research Unit, USDA Grain Marketing and Production Research Center, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA:
M.G.A. Oliveira
Affiliation:
Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária (BIOAGRO), Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36571-000, Brazil
G.H. Ferreira
Affiliation:
Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36571-000, Brazil:
*
*Author for correspondence Fax: (+55) 31 3899-4012 E-mail: guedes@ufv.br
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Abstract

Insecticide resistance is frequently associated with fitness disadvantages in the absence of insecticides. However, intense past selection with insecticides may allow the evolution of fitness modifier alleles that mitigate the cost of insecticide resistance and their consequent fitness disadvantages. Populations of Sitophilus zeamais with different levels of susceptibility to insecticides show differences in the accumulation and mobilization of energy reserves. These differences may allow S. zeamais to better withstand toxic compounds without reducing the beetles' reproductive fitness. Enzymatic assays with carbohydrate- and lipid-metabolizing enzymes were, therefore, carried out to test this hypothesis. Activity levels of trehalase, glycogen phosphorylase, lipase, glycosidase and amylase were determined in two insecticide-resistant populations showing (resistant cost) or not showing (resistant no-cost) associated fitness cost, and in an insecticide-susceptible population. Respirometry bioassays were also carried out with these weevil populations. The resistant no-cost population showed significantly higher body mass and respiration rate than the other two populations, which were similar. No significant differences in glycogen phosphorylase and glycosidase were observed among the populations. Among the enzymes studied, trehalase and lipase showed higher activity in the resistant cost population. The results obtained in the assays with amylase also indicate significant differences in activity among the populations, but with higher activity in the resistant no-cost population. The inverse activity trends of lipases and amylases in both resistant populations, one showing fitness disadvantage without insecticide exposure and the other not showing it, may underlay the mitigation of insecticide resistance physiological costs observed in the resistant no-cost population. The higher amylase activity observed in the resistant no-cost population may favor energy storage, preventing potential trade-offs between insecticide resistance mechanisms and basic physiological processes in this population, unlike what seems to take place in the resistant cost population.

Keywords

insecticide resistanceamylaselipasetrehalasefitness costcost mitigation
Type
Research Paper
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 98 , Issue 4 , August 2008 , pp. 417 - 424
Copyright
Copyright © 2008 Cambridge University Press

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