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Quantifying the impact of insect predators and parasitoids on populations of the apple ermine moth, Yponomeuta malinellus (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae), in Europe

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2009

U. Kuhlmann ,
K.P. Carl  and
N.J. Mills
U. Kuhlmann*
Affiliation:
International Institute of Biological Control, European Station, 1, chemin des Grillons, CH-2800 Delémont, Switzerland:
K.P. Carl
Affiliation:
International Institute of Biological Control, European Station, 1, chemin des Grillons, CH-2800 Delémont, Switzerland:
N.J. Mills
Affiliation:
Center of Biological Control, University of California at Berkeley, USA
*
* Fax: 41 32 422 4824 E-mail: u.kuhlmann@cabi.org
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Abstract

Life tables were developed to assess the significance of natural enemies on the dynamics of apple ermine moth, Yponomeuta malinellus Zeller, in southwestern Germany and to select parasitoid species for use in the biological control of this pest in Canada. During the study from 1993 to 1995 the abundance of Y. malinellus varied from 1.5 to 4.3 tents per 100 leaf clusters indicating that this was a non-outbreak population. From the life tables it was evident that the impact of egg predators accounted for 25–43% of the total generational mortality of Y. malinellus, more than any other known mortality factor. Percent parasitism varied from 18 to 30%, but the impact of parasitoids in relation to the total generational mortality of Y. malinellus from the life tables was remarkably constant at 11–14%. The loss of potential fecundity had an important influence on the generational mortality of Y. malinellus, but declined from 27% to 15% over the course of this study. This decline corresponded with a rise in the net rate of increase R0 from 1.35 in 1993 to 6.8 in 1995, despite the impact of insect predators and parasitoids on the generational mortality. Yponomeuta malinellus was attacked by five different obligate primary parasitoids, a single obligate hyperparasitoid, and three facultative hyperparasitoids. Of these, the oligophagous egg-larval parasitoid Ageniaspis fuscicollis Dalman (Encyrtidae) and the oligophagous larval-pupal and pupal parasitoid Herpestomus brunnicornis Gravenhorst (Ichneumonidae) were selected as potential biological control agents for Canada due to a minimal degree of interspecific competition.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 88 , Issue 2 , April 1998 , pp. 165 - 175
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1998

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