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Reproductive strategy of the Nearctic leafhopper Scaphoideus titanus Ball (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 October 2008

Valerio Mazzoni ,
Janez Prešern ,
Andrea Lucchi  and
Meta Virant-Doberlet
Valerio Mazzoni
Affiliation:
University of Pisa, Department C.D.S.L., Section of Agricultural Entomology, Via S. Michele 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy Plant Protection Department, IASMA Research Centre, Via E. Mach 1, I-38010 San Michele a/A (TN), Italy
Janez Prešern
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
Andrea Lucchi
Affiliation:
University of Pisa, Department C.D.S.L., Section of Agricultural Entomology, Via S. Michele 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
Meta Virant-Doberlet*
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
*
*Author for correspondence Fax: +029 20 874116 E-mail: virantdoberletm@cardiff.ac.uk
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Abstract

Mating behaviour of Scaphoideus titanus Ball, the vector of the grapevine disease Flavescence dorée, was investigated in order to determine the role of substrate-borne vibrational signals in intra-specific communication and pair formation. Vibrational signals were recorded from grapevine leaves with a laser vibrometer. Signalling activity of single males changed throughout the day and the peak in activity was associated with twilight and early night when ‘call and fly’ behaviour was observed. Pair formation began with the spontaneous emission of male signals. The male calling signal consisted of a single series of pulses, partially accompanied with a ‘rumble’. The male courtship phrase consisted of four consecutive sections characterized by two sound elements, pulse and ‘buzz’. Female vibrational signals were emitted only in response to male signals. The female response was a single pulse that closely resembled male pulses and was inserted between pulses within the male signals. All recorded vibrational signals of S. titanus have a dominant frequency below 900 Hz. A unique feature of vibrational communication in S. titanus is well-developed intrasexual competition; males may use alternative tactics, in the form of disturbance signals, or silently approach duetting females (satellite behaviour). While the male-female duet appears to be essential for successful localization of females and copulation, it is also vulnerable to, and easily disrupted by, alternative tactics like masking.

Keywords

duetmating behaviourrivalryvibrational communication
Type
Research Paper
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 99 , Issue 4 , August 2009 , pp. 401 - 413
Copyright
Copyright © 2008 Cambridge University Press

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