Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dk4vv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T02:38:00.195Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Engineering Medical Decisions

Computer Algorithms and the Manipulation of Choice

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 August 2013

Abstract

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Special Section: Open Forum
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2013 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Notes

1. Fox S. Pew internet: Health 2012. Pew Internet; 2012 Mar 1; available at http://www.pewinternet.org/Commentary/2011/November/Pew-Internet-Health.aspx (last accessed 19 June 2012).

2. Spring T. Algorithms that rule the web. PCWorld; 2011 July 24; available at http://www.pcworld.com/printable/article/id,236226/printable.html (last accessed 18 June 2012).

3. Goffman, E.The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. New York: Penguin Books; 1959.Google Scholar

4. Federal Trade Commission. Online profiling: A report to Congress. Federal Trade Commission; 2000 June; available at http://www.ftc.gov/os/2000/06/index.shtm#13 (last accessed 8 Aug 2012).

5. Cantos, L, Fine, L, Singer, R.FTC releases online profiling report. Intellectual Property & Technology Law Journal 2000;12(10):22–3.Google Scholar

6. Federal Trade Commission. FTC staff revises online behavioral advertising principles. Federal Trade Commission; 2009 Feb 12; available at http://www.ftc.gov/opa/2009/02/behavad.shtm (last accessed 25 July 2012).

7. McDonald AM, Cranor LF. An empirical study of how people perceive online behavioral advertising. Carnegie Mellon University Cylab; 2009 Nov 10; available at http://www.cylab.cmu.edu/research/techreports/2009/tr_cylab09015.html (last accessed 1 Aug 2012).

8. See note 6, Federal Trade Commission 2009.

9. Gross D. Facebook to show you ads based on your Web browsing. CNN; 2012 June 18; available at http://www.cnn.com/2012/06/18/tech/social-media/facebook-ads-web-browsing/index.html (last accessed 19 June 2012).

10. See note 9, Gross 2012.

11. See note 9, Gross 2012.

12. Goldfarb, A, Tucker, CE.Economic and business dimensions: Online advertising, behavioral targeting, and privacy. Communications of the ACM 2011;54(5):25–7.Google Scholar

13. Sengupta S. Facebook efforts on advertising face a day of judgment. New York Times 2012 July 22; available at http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/23/technology/facebook-advertising-efforts-face-a-day-of-judgment.html (last accessed 25 July 2012).

14. See note 13, Sengupta 2012.

15. Mintzes, B, Barer, ML, Kravitz, RL, Kazanjian, A, Bassett, K, Lexchin, J, et al. . Influence of direct to consumer pharmaceutical advertising and patients’ requests on prescribing decisions: Two site cross sectional survey. British Medical Journal 2002;324:278–9.Google Scholar

16. Liang, BA, Mackey, T.Direct-to-consumer advertising with interactive internet media: Global regulation and public health issues. JAMA 2011;305(8):824–5.Google Scholar

17. See note 16, Liang, Mackey 2011, at 824.

18. See note 16, Liang, Mackey 2011.

19. Kuehn, BM.FDA weighs limits for online ads. JAMA 2010;303(4):311–3.Google Scholar

20. Nuffield Council on Bioethics. Chapter 5 online health information: Personalised healthcare. Nuffieldbioethics.org; 2010 Oct; available at http://www.nuffieldbioethics.org/personalised-healthcare/personalised-healthcare-online-health-information (last accessed 19 June 2012).

21. Goldzweig, CL, Towfigh, A, Maglione, M, Shekelle, PG. Costs and benefits of health information technology: New trends from the literature. Health Affairs 2009;28(2):w282w293.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

22. See note 20, Nuffield Council on Bioethics 2010.

23. Love V. Privacy ethics in health care. Journal of Health Care Compliance 2011 July/Aug:15–24.

24. Lurie, P.DTC advertising harms patients and should be tightly regulated. Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 2009 Fall:444–50.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

25. See note 16, Liang, Mackey 2011.

26. Mathieu E. The internet and medical decision making: Can it replace the role of health care providers? Medical Decision Making 2010 Sep–Oct:14S–16S.

27. Rosenberg, L.Does direct-to-consumer marketing of medical technologies undermine the physician-patient relationship? American Journal of Bioethics 2009;9(4):22–3.Google Scholar

28. Cox, JT, Cline, KM.Parsing the demographic: The challenge of balancing online behavioral advertising and consumer privacy considerations. Journal of Internet Law 2012 Mar:312.Google Scholar

29. Bennet K. Privacy and online behavioral advertising. Journal of Internet Law 2007 Dec:24–6.

30. Backes M, Kate A, Maffei M, Pecina K. ObliviAd: Provably secure and practical online behavioral advertising. IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy 2012 Spring; available at www.ieee-security.org/TC/SP2012/papers/4681a257.pdf (last accessed 3 Aug 2012).

31. See note 12, Goldfarb, Tucker 2011.

32. Thaler, RH, Sunstein, CR.Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth, and Happiness. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press; 2008, at 7.Google Scholar

33. Tversky, A, Kahneman, D.Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases. Science 1974;185:1124–31.Google Scholar

34. See note 33, Tversky, Kahneman 1974.

35. See note 33, Tversky, Kahneman 1974.

36. Croskerry, P.The importance of cognitive errors in diagnosis and strategies to minimize them. Academic Medicine 2003;78(8):775–80.Google Scholar

37. See note 36, Croskerry 2003, at 778.

38. See note 7, McDonald, Cranor 2009, at 1.

39. Ur B, Leon PG, Cranor LF, Shay R, Wang Y. Smart, useful, scary, creepy: Perceptions of online behavioral advertising. Presented at the Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security (SOUPS); 2012 July 11–13; available at cups.cs.cmu.edu/soups/2012/proceedings/a4_Ur (last accessed 3 Aug 2012).

40. See note 12, Goldfarb, Tucker 2011, at 26.

41. Wolpe, PR.The triumph of autonomy in American bioethics: A sociological view. In: DeVries, R, Subedi, J, eds. Bioethics and Society: Sociological Investigations of the Enterprise of Bioethics. New York: Prentice-Hall; 1998:3859.Google Scholar

42. Moulton, B, King, JS.Aligning ethics with medical decision making: The quest for informed patient choice. Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 2010;38(1):8597.Google Scholar

43. Dartmouth Atlas Project. Topic brief: Preference-sensitive care. Dartmouth Atlas of Health Care; 2007; available at www.dartmouthatlas.org/downloads/reports/preference_sensitive.pdf (last accessed 19 June 2012).

44. See note 20, Nuffield Council on Bioethics 2010, at 86.

45. See note 7, McDonald, Cranor 2009.

46. See note 1, Fox 2012.

47. Fox S. The social life of health information. Pew Internet; 2011 May 12; available at http://pewinternet.org/Reports/2011/Social-Life-of-Health-Info/Summary-of-Findings.aspx (last accessed 19 June 2012).

48. See note 1, Fox 2012.

49. Wolters Kluwer Health. Survey: Consumers show high degree of trust in online health information, report success in self-diagnosis. Wolters Kluwer Health; 2012 May 16; available at http://www.wolterskluwerhealth.com/News/Pages/Survey-Consumers-Show-High-Degree-of-Trust-in-Online-Health-Information,-Report-Success-in-Self-Diagnosis--.aspx (last accessed 9 July 2012).

50. See note 39, Ur et al. 2012.

51. See note 12, Goldfarb, Tucker 2011.

52. See note 28, Cox, Cline 2012.

53. Federal Trade Commission Staff Report. Self-regulatory principles for online behavioral advertising: Behavioral advertising tracking, targeting & technology. Federal Trade Commission; 2009 Feb; available at www.ftc.gov/os/2009/02/P085400behavadreport.pdf (last accessed 1 Aug 2012).

54. Federal Trade Commission Report. Protecting consumer privacy in an era of rapid change: Recommendations for businesses and policymakers. Federal Trade Commission; 2012 Mar; available at www.ftc.gov/os/2012/03/120326privacyreport.pdf (last accessed 8 Aug 2012).

55. See note 2, Spring 2011.