Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-fbnjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-15T03:37:55.646Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

DISPERSAL AND ESTABLISHMENT OF PLEOLOPHUS BASIZONUS (HYMENOPTERA: ICHNEUMONIDAE)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Peter W. Price
Peter W. Price
Affiliation:
Forest Research Laboratory, Department of Fisheries and Forestry, Quebec, Quebec
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Pleolophus basizonus (Gravenhorst) is a parasitoid from Europe introduced in Canada and liberated between 1939 and 1949 to supplement natural mortality factors of sawfly populations. Three recoveries reported in the literature show that the parasitoid has dispersed 81 km at 4.3 km per year in Ontario, between 109 and 161 km at 4.5 and 5.6 km per year in Quebec, and 172 km at 8.6 km per year in Michigan. Dispersal occurs by walking, possibly by short flights and by water while the parasitoid is within the host cocoon. Female parasitoids do not fly unless disturbed and dispersal by water cannot account for their movement in Quebec. In observation trays, the mean rate of travel on the ground by female parasitoids was 20.9 cm per minute. This speed is sufficient to account for the rates of dispersal recorded in the field. The parasitoid was present in every jack pine stand sampled between 1965 and 1968 in the western part of the St. Maurice River watershed in Quebec. The most abundant host was Neodiprion swainei Middleton. Absolute population estimates indicate that the parasitoid responds positively to host density and that it is an important addition to the native parasitoid complex.

Résumé

Le Pleolophus basizonus (Gravenhorst) est un parasitoïde européen introduit au Canada et propagé entre 1939 et 1949 afin de renforcer les facteurs de mort naturelle chez les Tenthrèdes qui infestent les arbres forestiers. Selon trois rapports publiés, il s’est répandu sur 81 km (au taux de 4.3 km par an) en Ontario, 109 à 161 km (à 4.5 et 5.6 km par an) au Québec, et 172 km (à 8.6 km par an) au Michigan. Il se propage surtout pédestrement, peut-être aussi par de courts vols et par la voie des eaux lorsqu’il habite le cocon de l’hôte. Les femelles ne volent pas à moins d’être dérangées et leur propagation par les cours d’eau n’a pas lieu au Québec. Sur des plateaux expérimentaux, la vitesse moyenne des femelles au sol était de 20.9 cm par mn, chiffre qui confirme les taux de propagation observés sur le terrain. Ce parasitoïde était présent dans tous les peuplements de Pin gris échantillonnés entre 1965 et 1968 dans l’ouest du bassin versant de la rivière Saint-Maurice, au Québec. L’hôte le plus abondant s’avérait Neodiprion swainei Middleton. Les estimations de population absolue démontrent que sa densité est proportionnelle à celle de ses hôtes; il constitue une addition importante au groupe de parasitoïdes indigènes.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 102 , Issue 9 , September 1970 , pp. 1102 - 1111
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1970

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Brown, A. W. A. 1941. Annual report of the forest insect survey 1940. Div. Ent. Sci. Service, Can. Dep. Agric.Google Scholar
Brown, A. W. A., and Fleming, H. S.. 1938. Recent extensions of the known distribution of the european spruce sawfly. 69th Ann. Rep. ent. Soc. Ont., pp. 22–24.Google Scholar
Chapman, J. A., and Kinghorn, J. M.. 1955. Window flight traps for insects. Can. Ent. 87: 46–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clausen, C. P. 1956. Biological control of insect pests in the continental United States. U.S. Dep. Agric. Tech. Bull. 1139.Google Scholar
Dempster, J. P. 1968. Intra-specific competition and dispersal: as exemplified by a psyllid and its anthocorid predator. pp. 8–17. In: Southwood, T. R. E. (ed.), Insect abundance. Roy. ent. Soc. Lond. Symp. 4Google Scholar
Finlayson, L. R., and Green, T.. 1940. A note on the effect of certain foods upon fecundity and longevity in Microcryptus basizonius Grav. (Hymenoptera). Can. Ent. 72: 236–238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Griffiths, K. J. 1961. The life history of Aptesis basizona (Grav.) on Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff.) in southern Ontario. Can. Ent. 93: 1005–1010.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Griffiths, K. J. 1969 a. The importance of coincidences in the functional and numerical responses of two parasites of the european pine sawfly, Neodiprion sertifer. Can. Ent. 101: 673–713.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Griffiths, K. J. 1969 b. Development and diapause in Pleolophus basizonus (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Can. Ent. 101: 907–914.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martineau, R., and Béique, R.. 1957. Province de Québec, pp. 30–34. In: Ann. Rep. Forest Insect and Disease Surv., 1956. Div. Forest Biol., Can. Dep. Agric.Google Scholar
McGugan, B. M., and Coppel, H. C.. 1962. Biological control of forest insects, 1910–1958. p. 35–216. In: A review of the biological control attempts against insects and weeds in Canada. Commonwealth Inst. Biol. Control, Commonwealth Agr. Bur., Tech. Commun. 2.Google Scholar
McLeod, J. M., and Martineau, R.. 1967. First record of Pleolophus basizona [sic] parasitizing Neodiprion swainei. Forest Br. Can. Dep. Forest. and Rural Development, Bi-mon. Res. Notes 23: 27–28.Google Scholar
Morris, K. R. S., Cameron, E., and Jepson, W. F.. 1937. The insect parasites of the spruce sawfly (Diprion polytomum Htg.) in Europe. Bull. ent. Res. 28: 341–393.Google Scholar
Pschorn-Walcher, H. 1967. Biology of the ichneumonid parasites of Neodiprion sertifer (Geoffroy) (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) in Europe. Commonwealth Inst. Biol. Control, Commonwealth Agric. Bur., Tech. Bull. 8: 7–51.Google Scholar
Southwood, T. R. E. 1962. Migration of terrestrial arthropods in relation to habitat. Biol. Rev. 37: 171–214.Google Scholar
Townes, H. K., and Gupta, V. K.. 1962. Ichneumon-fies of America north of Mexico, 4 Subfamily Gelinae, tribe Hemigasterini. Am. Ent. Inst. Mem. 2.Google Scholar
Townes, H. K., and Townes, M.. 1951. Family Ichneumonidae, pp. 184–409. In: Muesebeck, C. F. W., Krombein, K. V. and Townes, H. K. (eds.), Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico. Synoptic Catalogue. Agriculture Monogr. 2.Google Scholar
Underwood, G. R. 1967. Parasites of the red-pine sawfly, Neodiprion nanulus nanulus (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) in New Brunswick. Can. Ent. 99: 1114–1116.Google Scholar
Watt, K. E. F. 1964. The use of mathematics and computers to determine optimal strategy and tactics for a given insect pest control problem. Can. Ent. 96: 202–220.Google Scholar