Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-4rdpn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-15T01:25:55.776Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The effect of cold storage of mass-reared codling moths (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on subsequent flight capacity

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2017

E. Matveev ,
J.J. Kwon ,
G.J.R. Judd  and
M.L. Evenden
E. Matveev
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E9, Canada
J.J. Kwon
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E9, Canada
G.J.R. Judd
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland Research and Development Centre, Box 5000, 4200 Hwy 97, Summerland, British Columbia, V0H 1Z0, Canada
M.L. Evenden*
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E9, Canada
*
1Corresponding author (e-mail: mevenden@ualberta.ca).
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Flight capacity of codling moths, Cydia pomonella (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), was measured with computer-linked flight mills following exposure to one of two temperature regimes. Codling moth adults were held for 24 hours before flight under either chilled (2 °C) or unchilled (24 °C) conditions. The chilling treatment emulated conditions that codling moths are exposed to pre-release in the Okanagan Sterile Insect Release (SIR) Programme. Moths were assayed on flight mills for eight hours to obtain a measure of flight capacity based on total flight distance. Energy use was assessed by weight loss during flight and post-flight body lipid content compared with similarly treated moths that did not fly. Flight distance did not vary with pre-flight temperature treatment, however moth pre-flight weight influenced flight capacity; heavier moths flew further. Moths chilled before the bioassay used less energy based on reduced weight loss and higher lipid content post bioassay as compared with unchilled moths. The current cold storage procedure used in the SIR Programme does not negatively influence subsequent flight capacity and reduces energy use during flight. Codling moths can fly on average between 7–10km in an eight-hour flight mill bioassay and lipids, at least in part, are used to fuel flight.

Type
Insect Management
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 149 , Issue 3 , June 2017 , pp. 391 - 398
Copyright
© Entomological Society of Canada 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Subject editor: Jon Sweeney

References

Bloem, S., Bloem, K.A., and Fielding, S.L. 1997. Mass-rearing and storing codling moth larvae in diapause: a novel approach to increase production for sterile insect release. Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia, 94: 75–81.Google Scholar
Bloem, S., Bloem, K.A., and Knight, A.L. 1998. Assessing the quality of mass-reared codling moths (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) by using field release-recapture tests. Journal of Economic Entomology, 91: 1122–1130.Google Scholar
Bloem, S., Carpenter, J.E., Bloem, K.A., Tomlin, L., and Taggart, S. 2004. Effect of rearing strategy and gamma radiation on field competitiveness of mass-reared codling moths (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 97: 1891–1898.Google Scholar
Bloem, S., Carpenter, J.E., Blomefield, T.L., and Harrison, C. 2010. Compatibility of codling moths Cydia pomonella (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Torricidae) from South Africa with codling moths shipped from Canada. Journal of Applied Entomology, 134: 201–206.Google Scholar
Bloem, S., Carpenteer, J.E., and Dorn, S. 2006a. Mobility of mass-reared diapaused and nondiapaused Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae): effect of mating status and treatment with gamma radiation. Journal of Economic Entomology, 99: 699–706.Google Scholar
Bloem, S., Carpenter, J.E., and Dorn, S. 2006b. Mobility of mass-reared diapaused and nondiapaused Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae): effect of different constant temperatures and lengths of cold storage. Journal of Economic Entomology, 99: 707–713.Google Scholar
Bloem, S., Carpenter, J.E., McCluskey, A., Fugger, R., Arthur, S., and Wood, S. 2007. Suppression of the codling moth Cydia pomonella in British Columbia, Canada using an area-wide integrated approach with an SIT component. In Area-wide control of insect pests. From research to field implementation. Edited by M.J.B. Vreysen, A.S. Robinson, and J. Hendrichs. Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands. Pp. 591–601.Google Scholar
Boersma, N. and Carpenter, J.E. 2016. Influence of holding temperature and irradiation on field performance of mass-reared Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Florida Entomologist, 99: 215–221.Google Scholar
Brinton, F.E., Proverbs, M.D., and Carty, B.E. 1969. Artificial diet for mass production of the codling moth Carpocapsa pomonella (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 101: 577–584.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carpenter, J.E., Blomefield, T., and Vreysen, M.J.B. 2012. A flight cylinder bioassay as a simple, effective quality control test for Cydia pomonella . Journal of Applied Entomology, 136: 711–720.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chubaty, A.M., Hart, M., and Roitberg, B.D. 2014. To tree or not to tree: the role of energy limitation on host tree acceptance in a bark beetle. Evolutionary Ecology Research, 16: 1–19.Google Scholar
Dunley, J.E. and Welter, S.C. 2000. Correlated insecticide cross-resistance in azinphosmethyl resistant codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortircidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 93: 955–962.Google Scholar
Dyck, V.A. 2010. Rearing codling moth for the sterile insect technique. Food and Agriculture Organization Plant Production and Protection Paper 199. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.Google Scholar
Dyck, V.A., Graham, S.A., and Bloem, S.K. 1993. Implementation of the Sterile Insect Release Programme to eradicate the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae) in British Columbia, Canada. In Management of insect pests: nuclear and related molecular and genetic techniques. Proceedings of International Atomic Energy Agency/Food and Agriculture Organization International Symposium, 19–23 October 1992. International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria. Pp. 285–292.Google Scholar
Elliott, C.G. and Evenden, M.L. 2009. Factors influencing flight potential of Choristoneura conflictana . Physiological Entomology, 34: 71–78.Google Scholar
Evenden, M.L., Whitehouse, C.M., and Sykes, J. 2014. Factors influencing flight capacity of the mountain pine beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Environmental Entomology, 43: 187–196.Google Scholar
Geier, P.W. 1963. The life history of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), in the Australian Capital Territory. Australian Journal of Zoology, 11: 323–367.Google Scholar
Gu, H. and Danthanarayana, W. 2000. Variations in life history traits and flight capacity among populations of the light brown apple moth Epiphyas postvittana (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Austral Ecology, 25: 571–579.Google Scholar
Gu, H., Hughes, J., and Dorn, S. 2006. Trade-off between mobility and fitness in Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Ecological Entomology, 31: 68–74.Google Scholar
Judd, G.J.R., Arthur, S., Deglow, K., and Gardiner, M.G.T. 2011. Operational mark-release-recapture field tests comparing competitiveness of wild and differentially mass-reared codling moths from the Okanagan-Kootenay sterile insect program. The Canadian Entomologist, 143: 300–316.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Judd, G.J.R., Cockburn, S., Eby, C., Gardiner, M.G.T., and Wood, S. 2006a. Diapause improves springtime mating competitiveness of male codling moth mass-reared for a sterile insect programme. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 120: 161–166.Google Scholar
Judd, G.J.R. and Gardiner, M.G.T. 2005. Towards eradication of codling moth in British Columbia by complimentary actions of mating disruption, tree banding and sterile insect technique: five-year study in organic orchards. Crop Protection, 24: 718–733.Google Scholar
Judd, G.J.R. and Gardiner, M.G.T. 2006. Temperature, irradiation and delivery as factors affecting spring-time flight activity and recapture of mass-reared male codling moths released by the Okanagan-Kootenay sterile insect programme. Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia, 103: 19–32.Google Scholar
Judd, G.J.R., Gardiner, M.G.T., and Thistlewood, H.M.A. 2004. Seasonal variation in recapture of mass-reared sterile codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae): implications for control by sterile insect technique in British Columbia. Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia, 101: 29–43.Google Scholar
Judd, G.J.R., Thistlewood, H.M.A., Gardiner, M.G.T., and Lannard, B.L. 2006b. Is lack of mating competitiveness in spring linked to mating asynchrony between wild and mass-reared codling moths from an operational sterile insect programme? Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 120: 113–124.Google Scholar
Judge, D.N., Mullins, D.E., and Eaton, J.L. 1991. Hemolymph lipids and flight activity in Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology, 17: 29–38.Google Scholar
Mani, E. and Wildbolz, T.H. 1977. The dispersal of male codling moths (Laspeyresia pomonella L.) in the Upper Rhine Valley. Journal of Applied Entomology, 83: 161–168.Google Scholar
Pultar, O., Kocourek, F., Berankova, J., Stara, J., Kuldolva, J., and Hrdy, I. 2000. Codling moth management by means of pheromone stations with Cydia pomonella granulosis virus. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Integrated Fruit Production, Leuven, Belgium, 27 July to 1 August 1998. Acta Horticulturae, 525: 477–480.Google Scholar
R Core Team 2016. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. Available from www.R-project.org [accessed 11 January 2017].Google Scholar
Sanders, C.J. 1983. Local dispersal of male spruce budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) moths determined by mark, release and recapture. The Canadian Entomologist, 115: 1065–1070.Google Scholar
Schumacher, P., Weber, D.C., Hagger, C., and Dorn, S. 1997a. Heritability of flight distance for Cydia pomonella . Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 85: 169–175.Google Scholar
Schumacher, P., Weyeneth, A., Weber, D.C., and Dorn, S. 1997b. Long flights in Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) measured by a flight mill: influence of sex, mated status and age. Physiological Entomology, 22: 149–160.Google Scholar
Van Handel, E. 1974. Lipid utilization during sustained flight of moths. Journal of Insect Physiology, 20: 2329–2332.Google Scholar
Vreysen, M.J.B, Carpenter, J.E., and Marec, F. 2010. Improvement of the sterile insect technique for codling moth Cydia pomonella (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) to facilitate expansion of field application. Journal of Applied Entomology, 134: 165–181.Google Scholar
Witzgall, P., Stelinski, L., and Thompson, D. 2008. Codling moth management and chemical ecology. Annual Review of Entomology, 53: 503–522.Google Scholar