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LIFE HISTORY OF THE JACK PINE TIP BEETLE, CONOPHTHORUS BANKSIANAE McPHERSON (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE): IMPLICATIONS FOR SPECIES STATUS

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Peter de Groot  and
John H. Borden
Peter de Groot
Affiliation:
Forestry Canada, Forest Pest Management Institute, PO Box 490, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada P6A 5M7
John H. Borden
Affiliation:
Centre for Pest Management, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
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Abstract

The jack pine tip beetle, Conophthorus banksianae McPherson (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), has been distinguished from its sibling species, C. resinosae Hopkins, partly because immature stages were present in the field longer and because it may be bivoltine. A life history study of the tip beetle revealed it is univoitine, overwintering as an adult. The developmental period of C. banksianae from eggs to adults is about the same as that for C. resinosae. As in C. resinosae, adult C. banksianae usually mate in the spring, but some mate the previous fall. Mating occurs on or in the host. Female-biased sex ratios are found consistently throughout the life cycle of C. banksianae and in overwintering adults of C. resinosae. In Ontario, oviposition galleries are initiated in the old shoots until mid-June, thereafter in new shoots. Peak oviposition is completed before new shoots have fully elongated. The very similar life history traits of C. banksianae and C. resinosae suggest the species are closely related, if not the same species as recently proposed.

Résumé

Le scolyte apical du pin gris, Conophthorus banksianae McPherson (Coleoptera : Scolytidae), a été reconnu comme différent de son espèce apparentée, C. resinosae Hopkins, d’une part par le fait que les stades immatures ont resté plus longtemps sur le terrain; et d’autre part par la possibilité que ce dernier pourrait s’avérer bivoltin. Une étude du cycle vital du scolyte apical du pin gris a démontré qu’il est univoltin, hivernant comme adulte. La période du développement de C. banksianae à partir de l’oeuf à l’adulte est semblable à celle de C. resinosae. Comme est le cas pour C. resinosae, l’adulte de C. banksianae s’accouple au printemps, mais quelques-uns s’accouplent à l’automne précédent. L’accouplement a lieu dessus ou en dedans de l’hôte. Les rapports sexuels penchés en faveur des femelles se trouvent régulièrement pendant le cycle vital complet de C. banksianae et pour les adultes hivernants de C. resinosae. En Ontario, les galeries de ponte s’initient aux vieilles tiges, jusqu’à la mi-juin; ensuite aux tiges nouvelles. L’apogée de la ponte a lieu avant que les tiges nouvelles ne se soient complètement allongées. Les traits très semblables du cycle vital de C. banksianae et de C. resinosae suggèrent que les espèces sont étroitement liées, voire si elles ne sont pas la même espèce, comme a été proposé dernièrement.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 123 , Issue 1 , February 1991 , pp. 211 - 217
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1991

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