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PARASITISM OF NEODIPRION SERTIFER (HYMENOPTERA: DIPRIONIDAE) BY EXENTERUS SPP. (HYMENOPTERA: ICHNEUMONIDAE) IN ONTARIO, 1962–1972, WITH NOTES ON THE PARASITES

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

L. A. Lyons
L. A. Lyons
Affiliation:
Great Lakes Forest Research Centre, Canadian Forestry Service, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario
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Abstract

Four species of Exenterus were reared from the European pine sawfly, Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff.), in Ontario. An introduced species, E. abruptorius (Thunb.), last reported in Ontario in 1948, was recovered in very small numbers at one location. The native E. affinis Roh. (= E. walleyi Cush.) parasitized a small proportion of N. sertifer but was the main species attacking feeding larvae. The native E. nigrifrons (formerly called E. canadensis Prov.) and the introduced E. amictorius (Panz.) occurred at all sampled locations. Both species were more numerous in high than in low density populations of N. sertifer, but E. nigrifrons was more destructive, and E. amictorius less destructive, at high than at low density.

About 60% of adults of E. amictorius and 6% of those of E. nigrifrons eclosed in the same summer that attack occurred. Most were unlikely to have reproduced, owing to the scarcity of hosts. In both species females were more frequent in female than in male hosts.

Samples of N. sertifer cocoons in July were superior to larval samples in June and cocoon samples in August and the following May for measuring the rate of parasitism and the relative abundance of Exenterus spp. However, because of mortality of Exenterus before and after sampling, data based on the rearing of cocoons seriously underestimated the impact of the parasites.

Résumé

Quatre espèces d’Exenterus furent élevées à partir de la Tenthrède du Pin sylvestre, Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff.), en Ontario. Une espèce introduite, E. abruptorius (Thunb.), qu’on avait relevée pour la dernière fois en Ontario en 1948, fut redécouverte en nombre très minime à un endroit. L’espèce indigène E. affinis Roh. (= E. walleyi Cush.) fut le parasite d’un petit nombre de N. sertifer mais fut aussi la principale espèce à s’attaquer aux larves qui s’alimentaient. L’espèce indigène E. nigrifrons (que l’on nommait jadis E. canadensis Prov.) et l’espèce introduite E. amictorius (Panz.) se manifestèrent dans tous les lieux échantillonnés. Les deux espèces furent plus nombreuses parmi les populations à forte plutôt qu’à faible densité de N. sertifer, mais E. nigrifrons s’est révélée plus destructive et E. amictorius, moins destructive, ce à forte plutôt qu’à faible densité.

Environ 60% de la population adulte d’E. amictorius et 6% de celle du E. nigrifrons ont éclos au cours du même été que l’attaque s’est produite. La plupart ont semblé ne pas se reproduire, à cause de la rareté des hôtes. Chez les deux espèces, les femelles étaient plus fréquentes parmi les hôtes femelles que parmi les mâles.

Les échantillons de cocons de N. sertifer en juillet furent plus utiles que les échantillons de larves en juin et que les échantillons de cocons en août et au mois de mai suivant, pour mesurer le taux de parasitisme et l’abondance relative d’Exenterus spp. Cependant, à cause de la mortalité chez les Exenterus avant comme après l’échantillonnage, les données fondées sur l’élevage des cocons ont grandement sousestimé les ravages des parasites.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 109 , Issue 4 , April 1977 , pp. 555 - 564
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1977

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