Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-t5tsf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T09:20:58.751Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Akratic Action under the Guise of the Good

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 April 2020

Eugene Chislenko*
Affiliation:
Department of Philosophy, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA

Abstract

Many philosophers have thought that human beings do or pursue only what we see as good. These “guise-of-the-good” views face powerful challenges and counterexamples, such as akratic action, in which we do what we ourselves believe we ought not do. I propose a new way for guise-of-the-good views to address this central counterexample by appealing to conflicting beliefs. I then answer concerns that this appeal is insufficiently explanatory, attributes too much conflict, leaves out an essential asymmetry in action against one’s “better” judgment, attributes systematic error about one’s own beliefs, and is too implausible.

Type
Article
Copyright
© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Canadian Journal of Philosophy

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adler, J. 2002. “Akratic Believing?” Philosophical Studies 110 (1): 127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anscombe, G. E. M. 1957. Intention. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Aristotle, . 1984. The Collected Works of Aristotle. Edited by Barnes, J.. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Aristotle, . 1999. Nicomachean Ethics. Translated by Irwin, T.. Indianapolis, IN: Hackett.Google Scholar
Arpaly, N. 2000. “On Acting Rationally against One’s Best Judgment.” Ethics 110 (3): 488513.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Audi, R. 1979. “Weakness of Will and Practical Judgment.” Noûs 13 (2): 173–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beebe, J. R. 2013. “Weakness of Will, Reasonability, and Compulsion.” Synthese 190 (18): 4077–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boyle, M., and Lavin, D.. 2010. “Goodness and Desire.” In Desire, Practical Reason, and the Good, edited by Tenenbaum, , 161201. New York: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bratman, M. 1979. “Practical Reasoning and Weakness of the Will.” Noûs 13 (2): 153–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buss, S. 1987. “Weakness of Will.” Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 78 (1): 1344.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chislenko, E. 2016. “A Solution for Buridan’s Ass.” Ethics 126 (1): 283310.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, J. 1992. An Essay on Belief and Acceptance. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Collins, C., and Postal, P. M.. 2014. Classical NEG Raising: An Essay on the Syntax of Negation. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davidson, D. 1980a. “How Is Weakness of the Will Possible?” In Essays on Actions and Events, 2142. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Davidson, D. 1980b. “Intending.” In Essays on Actions and Events, 83102. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Davidson, D. 1982. “Paradoxes of Irrationality.” In Philosophical Essays on Freud, edited by Wollheim, R., 289305. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Sousa, R. 1971. “How to Give a Piece of Your Mind: Or, the Logic of Belief and Assent.” The Review of Metaphysics 25 (1): 5279.Google Scholar
Enoch, D. 2011. Taking Morality Seriously. New York: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gosling, J. 1990. Weakness of the Will. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Gregory, A. 2017. “How Verbal Reports of Desire May Mislead.” Thought 6: 241–49.Google Scholar
Kant, I. 1997. Critique of Practical Reason. Translated by Gregor, Mary. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kant, I. 1998. Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals. Translated by Gregor, Mary. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Korsgaard, C. M. 1996. The Sources of Normativity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Korsgaard, C. M. 2009. Self-Constitution: Agency, Identity, Integrity. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
May, J., and Holton, R.. 2012. “What in the World Is Weakness of Will?” Philosophical Studies 157 (3): 341–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McIntyre, A.Is Akratic Action Always Irrational?” In Identity, Character, and Morality, edited by Flanagan, O. and Rorty, A., 379400. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Mele, A. 1983. “‘Akrasia,’ Reasons, and Causes.” Philosophical Studies, 44 (3): 345–68.Google Scholar
Mele, A. 1987. Irrationality: An Essay on Akrasia, Self-Deception, and Self-Control. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Mele, A. 2010. “Weakness of Will and Akrasia.” Philosophical Studies 150: 391404.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nagel, T. 1972. “War and Massacre.” Philosophy and Public Affairs 1 (2): 123–44.Google Scholar
Plato, . 1997. Plato: Complete Works. Edited by Cooper, J. M.. Indianapolis, IN: Hackett.Google Scholar
Priest, G. 2006. In Contradiction. 2nd ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raz, J. 2010. “On the Guise of the Good.” In Desire, Practical Reason, and the Good, edited by Tenenbaum, S., 111–37. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Saarinen, R. 2011. Weakness of Will in Renaissance and Reformation Thought. New York: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwitzgebel, E. 2012. “Self-Ignorance.” In Consciousness and the Self: New Essays, edited by Liu, J. and Perry, J., 184–97. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Setiya, K. 2007. Reasons without Rationalism. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Setiya, K. 2016. “Akrasia and the Constitution of Agency.” In Practical Knowledge: Selected Essays, 253–71. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sripada, C. 2016. “Self-Expression: A Deep Self Theory of Moral Responsibility.” Philosophical Studies 173 (5): 1203–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stocker, M. 1979. “Desiring the Bad.” The Journal of Philosophy 76 (12): 738–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tenenbaum, S. 2007. Appearances of the Good: An Essay on the Nature of Practical Reason. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Velleman, J. D. 2000. “The Guise of the Good.” In The Possibility of Practical Reason, 99122. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Walker, A. F. 1989. “The Problem of Weakness of Will.” Noûs 23 (5): 653–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watson, G. 1977. “Skepticism about Weakness of Will.” The Philosophical Review 86 (3): 316–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williamson, T. 2000. Knowledge and Its Limits. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar