Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-s2hrs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T14:10:14.509Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Anthropometric Indices and Their Correlates in Cognitively-Intact and Elderly Canadians with Dementia*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 November 2010

Bryna Shatenstein ,
Marie-Jeanne Kergoat  and
Sylvie Nadon
Bryna Shatenstein
Affiliation:
Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal and Université de Montréal.
Marie-Jeanne Kergoat
Affiliation:
Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal and Université de Montréal.
Sylvie Nadon
Affiliation:
Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal and Université de Montréal.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Anthropometric indices are commonly used in the assessment of nutritional status. This study examined data from elderly Canadian participants in the first phase of the Canadian Study of Health and Aging (CSHA-1). Height and weight were measured in 1,464 community-based individuals and 963 persons in institutions. Institution-dwelling participants weighed less than community-based participants (59.1 ± 13.8 kg. vs. 65.1 ± 14.1 kg.), were shorter (160.4 ± 10.1 cm vs. 162.6 ± 10 cm), and had lower body mass indices (BMIs) (23.3 ± 5.0 vs. 24.6 ± 4.5) (p < .001). Values were lower among women than men, and decreased progressively with age. Quebecers were shorter, with lower body weights compared to Canadians living elsewhere. Anthropometric indices declined by cognitive diagnosis, from normal, to “cognitively impaired, not demented” (CIND), to with dementia; participants with Alzheimer's dementia had the lowest body weights. Correlates of body weight differed for community and institution participants.

Résumé

Les mesures anthropométriques reflètent l'état nutritionnel. Cette recherche a examiné les données provenant de Canadien(ne)s âgé(e)s ayant participé à la première phase de l'Étude sur la santé et le vieillissement au Canada (CSHA-1). Le poids et la taille furent mesurés chez 1 464 personnes vivant dans la communauté et 963 individus en institution. Les sujets institutionnalisés avaient un poids corporel inférieur à ceux vivant en communauté (59,1 ± 13,8 kg. vs. 65,1 ± 14,1 kg.); ils étaient plus petits (160,4 ± 10.1 cm vs. 162,6 ± 10 cm), et leur IMC étaient plus bas (23,3 ± 5,0 vs. 24,6 ± 4,5) (p < .001). Les valeurs anthropométriques furent plus basses chez les femmes, et diminuaient progressivement avec l'âge. Les Québécois avaient une taille plus petite et un poids corporel inférieur à ceux des Canadiens vivant ailleurs. Les mesures anthropométriques ont diminué suivant le diagnostic cognitif, en allant de normal, à «deficit cognitif sans démence» (CIND), à dément; les participants atteints de la démence de type Alzheimer avaient les poids corporels les plus bas. Les facteurs associés au poids corporel étaient différents parmi les participants vivant dans la communauté et en institution.

Keywords

Older PersonsAnthropometric IndicesNutritional StatusAgingCorrelates.Ainé(e)smesures anthropométriquesétat nutritionalvieillissementcorrélations.
Type
Articles
Information
Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement , Volume 20 , Issue 4 , Hiver/Winter 2001 , pp. 537 - 556
Copyright
Copyright © Canadian Association on Gerontology 2001

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aday, L.A. (1996). Designing and conducting health surveys. 2nd ed. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. (1987). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 3rd ed. Washington DC: American Psychiatric Association.Google Scholar
Asplund, K, Normark, M., & Pettersson, V. (1981). Nutritional assessment of psychogeriatric patients. Age and Ageing, 10, 87–94.Google Scholar
Barrett-Connor, E., Edelstein, S.L., Corey-Bloom, J., & Wiederhold, W.C. (1996). Weight loss precedes dementia in community-dwelling older adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 44, 1147–1152.Google Scholar
Boivin, D., Daignault-Gélinas, M., Lacroix, G., Maltais, M., Lavandier, L.M., & Morin, A. (1993). Guide pratique d'évaluation de l'état nutritionnel en gériatrie. Montréal: Comité des diététistes en évaluation nutritionnelle gériatrique.Google Scholar
Canadian Study of Health and Aging (CSHA) Working Group. (1994). Canadian Study of Health and Aging: Study methods and prevalence of dementia. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 150(6), 899–913.Google Scholar
Chumlea, W.C., Vellas, B.J., Roche, A.F., Suo, S., & Steinbaugh, M. (1990). Particularités et intérêt des mesures anthropométriques du statut nutritionnel des personnels âgées. Age & Nutrition, 1, 7–20.Google Scholar
Claggett, M.S. (1989). Nutritional factors relevant to Alzheimer's disease. Journal of the American Dieticians Association, 89, 790–792.Google Scholar
Cronin-Stubbs, D., Beckett, L.A., Scherr, P.A., Field, T.S., Chown, M.J., Pilgrim, D.M., Bennett, D.A., & Evans, D.A. (1997). Weight loss in people with Alzheimer's disease: a prospective population based analysis. British Medical Journal, 314, 178–179.Google Scholar
de Groot, L.C.P.G.M., Sette, S., Zajkas, G., Carbajal, A., & Amorim Cruz, J.A.Euronut SENECA investigators. (1991). Nutritional status: anthropometry. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 45(suppl.3), 31–42.Google ScholarPubMed
Deurenberg, P., Saris, W.H.M., Voorrips, L.E., & van Staveren, W.A. (1993). The assessment of body composition in the elderly. Age & Nutrition, 4(1), 34–39.Google Scholar
Devost, S., Ferland, G., & Kergoat, M-J. (1997). Weight change in nursing home Alzheimer patients: A study of potential determinants. 16th International Congress of Nutrition Abstracts, 59.Google Scholar
Donaldson, K.E., Carpenter, W.H., Toth, M.J., Goran, M.I., Newhouse, P., & Poehlman, E.T. (1996). No evidence for a higher resting metabolic rate in noninstitutionalized Alzheimer's disease patients. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 44, 1232–1234.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Durazo-Arvizu, R.A., McGee, D.L., Cooper, R.S., Liao, Y., & Luke, A. (1998). Mortality and optimal Body Mass Index in a sample of the US population. American Journal of Epidemiology, 147(8), 739–749.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ebly, E.M., Schaefer, J.P., Campbell, N.R.C., & Hogan, D.B. (1998). Folate status, vascular disease and cognition in elderly Canadians. Age and Ageing, 27, 485–91.Google Scholar
Elia, M., & Lunn, P.G. (1997). Biological markers of protein-energy malnutrition. Clinical Nutrition, 16(suppl. 1), 11–17.Google Scholar
Ferland, G. (1998). Nutritional problems of the elderly. In Caroll, K.K. (Ed.), Current perspectives on nutrition and health (pp. 199–212). Montreal & Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press.Google Scholar
Folstein, M.F., Folstein, S.E., & McHugh, P.R. (1975). Mini-mental state'. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12, 189–198.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Franklin, C.A., & Karkeck, J. (1989). Weight loss and senile dementia in an institutionalized elderly population. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 89, 790–792.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gibson, R. (1990). Principles of nutritional assessment. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Gray, G.E. (1989). Nutrition and dementia. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 89, 1795–1802.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hanger, H.C., Sainsbury, R., Gilchrist, N.L., Beard, M.E.J., & Duncan, J.M. (1991). A community study of vitamin B12 and folate levels in the elderly. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 39, 1155–1159.Google Scholar
Hurley, R.S., Bartlett, B.J., Witt, D.D., Thomas, A., & Taylor, E.Z. (1997). Comparative evaluation of body composition in medically stable elderly. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 97, 1105–1109.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jelliffe, D.B. (1966). The assessment of the nutritional status of the community. WHO Monograph No. 53. Geneva: World Health Organization.Google Scholar
Kasl, S.V. (1997). Comment: Current research in the epidemiology and public health of aging-the need for more diverse strategies. American Journal of Public Health, 87(3), 333–335.Google Scholar
Keller, H.H. (1993). Malnutrition in institutionalised elderly: How and why? Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 41, 1212–1218.Google Scholar
Keller, H.H. (1995). Weight gain impacts morbidity and mortality in institutionalized older persons. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 43(2), 165–169.Google Scholar
Keller, H.H, Ostbye, T., & Bright-See, E. (1997). Predictors of dietary intake in Ontario seniors. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 88(5), 305–309.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kleinbaum, D.G., Kupper, L.L., & Muller, K.E. (1988). Applied regression analysis and other multivariable methods. Belmont CA: Duxbury Press, Wadsworth Publishing Company Inc.Google Scholar
Kubena, K.S., Mclntosh, W.A., Georghiades, M.B., & Landmann, W.A. (1991). Anthropometry and health in the elderly. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 91, 1402–1407.Google Scholar
Kuczmarski, R.J. (1989). Need for body composition information in elderly subjects. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 50, 1150–1157.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kuczmarski, M.F., Kuczmarski, R.J., & Najjar, M. (2000). Descriptive anthropometric reference data for older Americans. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 100, 59–66.Google Scholar
Launer, L.J., Harris, T., Rumpel, C., & Madans, J. (1994). Body mass index, weight change, and risk of mobility disability in middle-aged and older women. The epidemiologic follow-up study of NHANES I. Journal of the American Medical Association, 271(14), 1093–1098.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lebreton, B., Hazif-Thomas, C., & Thomas, P. (1997). Étude du statut nutritionnel des residents en long séjour par les marqueurs biologiques, anthropométriques et diététiques. Age & Nutrition, 8(1), 22–29.Google Scholar
Leclerc, B.S., & Kergoat, M-J. (1988). Evaluation de letat nutritionnel de la personne âgée hospitalisée. Association canadienne-française pour l'avancement des sciences. Montreal: Les Cahiers scientifiques.Google Scholar
Losonczy, K.G., Harris, T.B., Cornoni-Huntley, J., Simonsick, E.M., Wallace, R.B., Cook, Nér, Ostfeld, A.M., & Blazer, D.G. (1995). Does weight loss from middle age to old age explain the inverse weight mortality relation in old age? American Journal of Epidemiology, 141(4), 312–321.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meltzer, A.A., & Everhart, J.E. (1995). Unintentional weight loss in the United States. American Journal of Epidemiology, 142(10), 1039–1046.Google Scholar
Michels, K.B., Greenland, S., & Rosner, B.A. (1998). Does body mass index adequately capture the relation of body composition and body size to health outcomes? American Journal of Epidemiology, 147(2), 167–172.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nicolas, A.S., Nourhashemi, F., Faisant, C, Lanzmann-Petithory, D., Allard, M., Vellas, B., & Garry, P.J. (1998). Nutrition et vieillissement réussi: une étude de 520 personnes issues de Toulouse et d'Albuquerque. Age & Nutrition, 9(2), 82–91.Google Scholar
Payette, H., Gray-Donald, K., Cyr, R., & Boutier, V. (1995). Predictors of dietary intake in a functionally dependent elderly population in the community. American Journal of Public Health, 85(5), 677–683.Google Scholar
Payette, H., & Ferland, G. (1999). La malnutrition chez les personnes âgées démentes: étiologie, évolution et efficacité des interventions. In La collection l'Année gérontologique 1999 (pp. 131–145). Paris: Maison Serdi.Google Scholar
Posner, B.M., Jette, A., Smigelski, C., Miller, D., & Mitchell, P. (1994). Nutritional risk in New England elders. Journal of Gerontology: Medical Science, 49(3), M123–M132.Google Scholar
Ranieri, P., Bertozzi, B., Frisoni, G.B., Rozzini, R., & Trabucchi, M. (1996). Determinants of malnutrition in a geriatric ward: role of comorbidity and functional status. Journal of Nutrition for the Elderly, 16(1), 11–22.Google Scholar
Roth, M., Huppert, F.A., & Tym, E. et al. (1988). CAMDEX: the Cambridge Examination for Mental Disorders of the Elderly. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Roubenoff, R., Giacoppe, J., Richardson, S., & Hoffman, P.J. (1996). Nutrition assessment in long-term care facilities. Nutrition Reviews, 54(1), S40–S42.Google Scholar
Ryan, C, Bryant, E., Eleazer, P., Rhodes, A., & Guest, K. (1995). Unintentional weight loss in long-term care: predictor of mortality. South Medical Journal, 88(1), 721–724.Google Scholar
Sandman, P.O., Adolfsson, R., Nygren, C., Hallmans, G., & Winblad, B. (1987). Nutritional status and dietary intake in institutionalized patients with Alzheimer's disease and multiinfarct dementia. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 35, 31–38.Google Scholar
Shatenstein, B., & Ferland, G. (2000). Absence of nutritional or clinical consequences of decentralized bulk food portioning among elderly nursing home residents with dementia in Montreal. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 100(11), 1354–1360.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stéphan, E., Nourhashemi, F., Kostek, V., Scheirlinckse, K, Ousset, P.J., Hostier, P., Reyes, G., Vellas, B., & Albarède, J.L. (1997). L'Évaluation gérontologique standardisée (E.G.S.). Age & Nutrition, 8(1), 36–44.Google Scholar
Stevens, J., Cai, J., Panuk, E.R., Williamson, D.F., Thun, M.J., & Wood, J.L. (1998). The effect of age on the association between body-mass index and mortality. New England Journal of Medicine, 338(1), 1–7.Google Scholar
Tayback, M., Kumanyika, S., & Chee, E. (1990). Body weight as a risk factor in the elderly. Archives of Internal Medicine, 150, 1065–1072.Google Scholar
Teng, E.L., & Chui, H.C. (1987). The modified Mini-Mental State (3MS) Examination. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 48, 314–318.Google ScholarPubMed
Vellas, B.J., Albarede, J-L., & Garry, P.J. (1992). Diseases and aging: patterns of morbidity with age; relationship between aging and age-associated diseases. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 55, 1225S–1230S.Google Scholar
Wang, S.Y., Fukagawa, N., Hossain, M., & Ooi, W.L. (1997). Longitudinal weight changes, length of survival, and energy requirements of long term care residents with dementia. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 45, 1189–1195.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wannamethee, G. & Shaper, A.G. (1990). Weight change in middle-aged British men: implications for health. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 44(2), 133–142.Google Scholar
White, H. (1998) Weight change in Alzheimer's disease. Age & Nutrition, (92), 79–81.Google Scholar
White, H., Pieper, C, Schmader, K., & Fillenbaum, G. (1996). Weight change in Alzheimer's disease. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 44(3), 265–272.Google Scholar
Willett, W.C. (1997). Weight loss in the elderly: cause or effect of poor health? American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 66, 737–738.Google Scholar
Willett, W.C, Dietz, W.H., & Colditz, G.A. (1999). Guidelines for healthy weight. New England Journal of Medicine, 341(6), 427–434.Google Scholar
Yaari, S., & Goldbourt, U. (1998). Voluntary and involuntary weight loss: associations with long term mortality in 9,228 middle-aged and elderly men. American Journal of Epidemiology, 148(6), 546–555.Google Scholar