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Genesis of the Tirschenreuth kaolin deposit in Germany compared with the Kohdachi kaolin deposit in Japan

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2018

R. Kitagawa  and
H. M. Köster
R. Kitagawa
Affiliation:
Faculty of Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
H. M. Köster
Affiliation:
Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Mineralogie und Geochemie, Technische Universität München, Germany
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Abstract

The mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of the Tirschenreuth and Kohdachi kaolin deposits, which both occur in granite, are compared and the genesis of the deposits discussed. The Tirschenreuth deposit (Rappauf pit) is considered to have formed by weathering because: (i) the kaolinite has formed by the alteration of plagioclase and biotite, whereas microcline and muscovite are unaltered; (ii) the kaolin body has a very homogeneous composition and alteration zones cannot be recognized; (iii) there has been no addition of trace elements from sources other than plagioclase and biotite in the parent rock; (iv) particle-size distribution shows that the kaolinite crystals grew under uniform physical conditions; (v) quartz grains have smooth surfaces.

The Kohdachi deposit contains many clay veins and three alteration zones: (i) halloysite with weak silicification; (ii) halloysite-kaolinite; (iii) kaolinite. Many large dissolution pits were observed by SEM on the surface of quartz crystals from the kaolin zone. Silicification, precipitation of goethite at the border of zones (ii) and (iii), and dissolution of quartz in different areas of the deposit indicate a variable pH within a distance of <100 m. The Cu and Li contents in the <2 µm fractions of the Kohdachi kaolin samples are markedly higher than those at Tirschenreuth. From hydrogen isotopic analysis, the formation temperature of the Kohdachi kaolinite may be roughly estimated at 70–150°C. It is suggested that the Kohdachi deposit formed by hydrothermal alteration.

Type
Research Article
Information
Clay Minerals , Volume 26 , Issue 1 , March 1991 , pp. 61 - 79
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 1991

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