Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-dh8gc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T08:37:26.095Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Characterization of Microbially Fe(III)-Reduced Nontronite: Environmental Cell-Transmission Electron Microscopy Study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Jin-wook Kim ,
Yoko Furukawa ,
Tyrone L. Daulton ,
Dawn Lavoie  and
Steven W. Newell
Jin-wook Kim*
Affiliation:
Marine Geosciences Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Stennis Space Center, MS 39529, USA
Yoko Furukawa
Affiliation:
Marine Geosciences Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Stennis Space Center, MS 39529, USA
Tyrone L. Daulton
Affiliation:
Marine Geosciences Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Stennis Space Center, MS 39529, USA
Dawn Lavoie
Affiliation:
US Geological Survey, Reston, VA 20192, USA
Steven W. Newell
Affiliation:
Marine Geosciences Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Stennis Space Center, MS 39529, USA
*
*E-mail address of corresponding author: jkim@nrlssc.navy.mil
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Microstructural changes induced by the microbial reduction of Fe(III) in nontronite by Shewanella oneidensis were studied using environmental cell (EC)-transmission electron microscopy (TEM), conventional TEM, and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). Direct observations of clays by EC-TEM in their hydrated state allowed for the first time an accurate and unambiguous TEM measurement of basal layer spacings and the contraction of layer spacing caused by microbial effects, most likely those of Fe(III) reduction. Non-reduced and Fe(III)-reduced nontronite, observed by EC-TEM, exhibited fringes with mean d001 spacings of 1.50 nm (standard deviation, σ = 0.08 nm) and 1.26 nm (σ = 0.10 nm), respectively. In comparison, the same samples embedded with Nanoplast resin, sectioned by microtome, and observed using conventional TEM, displayed layer spacings of 1.0–1.1 nm (non-reduced) and 1.0 nm (reduced). The results from Nanoplast-embedded samples are typical of conventional TEM studies, which have measured nearly identical layer spacings regardless of Fe oxidation state. Following Fe(III) reduction, both EC- and conventional TEM showed an increase in the order of nontronite selected area electron diffraction patterns while the images exhibited fewer wavy fringes and fewer layer terminations. An increase in stacking order in reduced nontronite was also suggested by XRD measurements. In particular, the ratio of the valley to peak intensity (v/p) of the 1.7 nm basal 001 peak of ethylene glycolated nontronite was measured at 0.65 (non-reduced) and 0.85 (microbially reduced).

Keywords

EC-TEMLayer ContractionMicrobial Fe(III) ReductionNontroniteShewanella oneidensisXRD
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 51 , Issue 4 , August 2003 , pp. 382 - 389
Copyright
Copyright © 2003, The Clay Minerals Society

References

Ahn, J.H. and Peacor, D.R., (1986) Transmission and analytical electron microscopy of the smectite-to-illite transformation Clays and Clay Minerals 34 165–179 10.1346/CCMN.1986.0340207.Google Scholar
Biscaye, P.E., (1965) Mineralogy and sedimentation of recent deep sea clay in the Atlantic Ocean and adjacent seas and oceans Geological Society of America Bulletin 76 803–832 10.1130/0016-7606(1965)76[803:MASORD]2.0.CO;2.Google Scholar
Chen, S.Z. Low, P.F. and Roth, C.B., (1987) Relation between potassium fixation and oxidation state of octahedral iron Soil Science Society of America Journal 51 82–86 10.2136/sssaj1987.03615995005100010017x.Google Scholar
Colliex, C. Manoubi, T. and Ortiz, C., (1991) Electron-energy-loss-spectroscopy near-edge fine structures in the iron-oxygen system Physical Review B44 11402–11411 10.1103/PhysRevB.44.11402.Google Scholar
Daulton, T.L. Little, B.J. Lowe, K. and Jones-Meehan, J., (2001) In-situ environmental cell-transmission electron microscopy study of microbial reduction of chromium(VI) using electron energy loss spectroscopy Journal of Microscopy and Microanalysis 7 470 485.Google Scholar
Drits, V.A. and Manceau, A., (2000) A model for the mechanism of Fe(III) to Fe(II) reduction in dioctahedral smectites Clays and Clay Minerals 48 185–195 10.1346/CCMN.2000.0480204.Google Scholar
Egashira, K. and Ohtsubo, M., (1983) Swelling and mineralogy of smectites in paddy soils derived from marine alluvium, Japan Geoderma 29 119–127 10.1016/0016-7061(83)90036-8.Google Scholar
Foster, M.D., (1953) Geochemical studies of clay minerals: II. Relation between ionic substitution and swelling in montmorillonites American Mineralogist 38 994 1006.Google Scholar
Fukami, A. Fukushima, K. Kohyama, N., Bennett, R.H. Bryant, W.R. and Hulbert, M.H., (1991) Observation technique for wet clay minerals using film-sealed environmental cell equipment attached to a high-resolution electron microscope Microstructure of Fine-grained Sediments from Mud to Shale New York Springer-Verlag 321–331 10.1007/978-1-4612-4428-8_36.Google Scholar
Gates, W.P. Wilkinson, H.T. and Stucki, J.W., (1993) Swelling properties of microbially reduced ferruginous smectite Clays and Clay Minerals 41 360–364 10.1346/CCMN.1993.0410312.Google Scholar
Keeling, J.L. Raven, M.D. and Gates, W.P., (2000) Geology and characterization of two hydrothermal nontronites from weathered metamorphic rocks at the Uley graphite mine, South Australia Clays and Clay Minerals 48 537–548 10.1346/CCMN.2000.0480506.Google Scholar
Keller, M.D. Bellows, W.K. and Guillard, R.L., (1988) Microwave treatment for sterilization of phytoplankton culture media Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 117 279–283 10.1016/0022-0981(88)90063-9.Google Scholar
Khaled, E.M. and Stucki, J.W., (1991) Effect of iron oxidation state on cation fixation in smectites Soil Science Society of America Journal 55 550–554 10.2136/sssaj1991.03615995005500020045x.Google Scholar
Kim, J.W. Peacor, D.R. Tessier, D. and Elsass, F., (1995) A technique for maintaining texture and permanent expansion of smectite interlayers for TEM observations Clays and Clay Minerals 43 51–57 10.1346/CCMN.1995.0430106.Google Scholar
Kohyama, N. Shimoda, S. and Sudo, T., (1973) Iron-rich saponite (ferrous and ferric forms) Clays and Clay Minerals 21 229–237 10.1346/CCMN.1973.0210405.Google Scholar
Kostka, J.E. Haefele, E. Viehweger, R. and Stucki, J.W., (1999) Respiration and dissolution of iron (III)-containing clay minerals by bacteria Environmental Science and Technology 33 3127–3133 10.1021/es990021x.Google Scholar
Kostka, J.E. Stucki, J.W. Nealson, K.H. and Wu, J., (1996) Reduction of structural Fe(III) in smectite by a pure culture of Shewanella Putrefaciens strain MR-1 Clays and Clay Minerals 44 522–529 10.1346/CCMN.1996.0440411.Google Scholar
Leapman, R.D. Gunes, L.A. and Fejes, P.L., (1982) Study of the L23 edges in the 3d transition metals and their oxides by electron-energy-loss spectroscopy with comparisons to theory Physical Review B26 614–635 10.1103/PhysRevB.26.614.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lear, P.R. and Stucki, J.W., (1989) Effects of iron oxidation state on the specific surface area of nontronite Clays and Clay Minerals 37 547–552 10.1346/CCMN.1989.0370607.Google Scholar
Lee, J.H. and Peacor, D.R., (1986) Expansion of smectite by lauylamine hydrochloride: Ambiguities in transmission electron microscope observations Clays and Clay Minerals 34 69–73 10.1346/CCMN.1986.0340108.Google Scholar
Leppard, G.G. Heissenberger, A. and Herndl, G.J., (1996) Ultrastructure of marine snow. I. Transmission electron microscopy methodology Marine Ecology Progress Series 135 289–298 10.3354/meps135289.Google Scholar
Myers, C.R. and Nealson, K.H., (1988) Bacterial manganese reduction and growth with manganese oxide as the sole electron acceptor Science 240 1319–1321 10.1126/science.240.4857.1319.Google Scholar
Ravina, I. and Low, P.F., (1972) Relation between swelling, water properties and b-dimension with swelling of montmorillonite Clays and Clay Minerals 20 109–123 10.1346/CCMN.1972.0200302.Google Scholar
Ravina, I. and Low, P.F., (1977) Change of b-dimension with swelling of montmorillonite Clays and Clay Minerals 25 196–200 10.1346/CCMN.1977.0250305.Google Scholar
Shen, S. Stucki, J.W. and Boast, C.W., (1992) Effects of structural iron reduction on the hydraulic conductivity of Na-smectite Clays and Clay Minerals 40 381–386 10.1346/CCMN.1992.0400402.Google Scholar
Slade, P.G. Quirk, J.P. and Norrish, K., (1991) Crystalline swelling of smectite samples in concentrated NaCl solutions in relation to layer charge Clays and Clay Minerals 39 234–238 10.1346/CCMN.1991.0390302.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stucki, J.W. and Tessier, D., (1991) Effects of iron oxidation state on the texture and structural order of Na-nontronite gels Clays and Clay Minerals 39 137–143 10.1346/CCMN.1991.0390204.Google Scholar
Stucki, J.W. Low, P.F. Roth, C.B. and Golden, D.C., (1984) Effects of oxidation state of octahedral iron on clay swelling Clays and Clay Minerals 32 357–362 10.1346/CCMN.1984.0320503.Google Scholar
Stucki, J.W. Komadel, P. and Wilkinson, H.T., (1987) Microbial reduction of structural iron(III) in smectites Soil Science Society of America Journal 51 1663–1665 10.2136/sssaj1987.03615995005100060047x.Google Scholar
Tessier, D., (1984) Etude experimentale de l’organisation des materiaux argileux: Hydratation, gonflement et structuration au cours de a desiccation et de la rehumectation France University of Paris Ph.D. thesis.Google Scholar
van Aken, P.A. Liebscher, B. and Styrsa, V.J., (1998) Quantitative determination of iron oxidation states in minerals using Fe L2,3-edge electron energy-loss near-edge structure spectroscopy Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 25 323–327 10.1007/s002690050122.Google Scholar
van Aken, P.A. Styrsa, V.J. Liebscher, B. Woodland, A.B. and Redhammer, G.J., (1999) Microanalysis of Fe3+/ΣFe in oxide and silicate minerals by investigation of electron energy-loss near-edge structures (ELNES) at the Fe M2,3 edge Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 26 584–590 10.1007/s002690050222.Google Scholar
Wu, J. Roth, C.B. and Low, P.F., (1988) Biological reduction of structural iron in Na-nontronite Soil Science Society of America Journal 52 295–296 10.2136/sssaj1988.03615995005200010054x.Google Scholar
Wu, J. Low, P.F. and Roth, C.B., (1989) Effects of octahedral-iron reduction and swelling pressure on interlayer distances in Na-nontronite Clays and Clay Minerals 37 211–218 10.1346/CCMN.1989.0370303.Google Scholar