Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-m6dg7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T08:15:56.596Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

HDTMA in the interlayers of high-charged Llano vermiculite

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Phil G. Slade  and
Will P. Gates
Phil G. Slade
Affiliation:
CSIRO Land and Water, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
Will P. Gates*
Affiliation:
Geomechanics Group, Civil Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
*
*E-mail address of corresponding author: gateswp@smectech.com.au
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

X-ray diffraction shows that ordered interlayer structures form when high-charged Llano vermiculite is reacted with HDTMA-Br or HDTMA-acetate, but the structures differ from those given by low-charged vermiculites. The differences arise in two ways; firstly when both HDTMA+ cations and HDTMA-Br (or -acetate) ion pairs are present as interlayer guest species, a superstructure forms which is less commensurate with the host structure of high-charge vermiculite than it is for lower-charged material. Secondly, although a commensurate 3a × b interlayer superstructure forms when HDTMA+ cations are the only interlayer guests, an increasing number of charge-balancing cations must be accommodated as the layer charge increases. This results in some structural disorder which is only observed in the diffraction pattern of HDTMA+-intercalated, high-charge vermiculite. Organic ion pairs tend to order along widely spaced rows corresponding to the intersections of two sets of scattering planes. For the acetate form, one set of planes has spacings of 3.52 Å, but for the bromide form the value is 3.67 Å. Scattering planes in the second set have spacings of 4.02 Å, independently of counter-anion size. These two sets of planes diverge from one another by ∼10°. Ordering is more apparent in the presence of acetate anions than it is for the smaller Br− anions. In the high-charged intercalates, from which organic ion pairs have been removed, HDTMA+ cations occupy positions on a centered two-dimensional superlattice and also randomly, some interstitial positions as necessitated by layer charge.

Keywords

HDTMA-acetate MoleculesHDTMA-vermiculitesHigh-charge VermiculiteInterlayer StructureTwo-dimensional OrderingStructural Models
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 55 , Issue 2 , April 2007 , pp. 131 - 139
Copyright
Copyright © 2007, The Clay Minerals Society

References

Alcover, J.F. Gatineau, L. and Mering, J., (1973) Exchangeable cation distribution in nickel- and magnesium-vermiculites Clays and Clay Minerals 21 131–136 10.1346/CCMN.1973.0210209.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brovelli, D. Caseri, W.R. and Hähner, G., (1999) Self-assembled monolayers of alkylammonium ions on mica: direct determination of the orientation of the alkyl chains Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 216 418–423 10.1006/jcis.1999.6340.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Čapková, P. Pospíšil, M. Valášková, M. Měřinská, D. Trchová, M. Sedláková, Z. Weiss, Z. and Šimoník, J., (2006) Structure of montmorillonite co-intercalated with stearic acid and octahedecylamine: Modeling, diffraction, IR spectroscopy Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 300 264–269 10.1016/j.jcis.2006.03.033.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gatineau, L., (1964) Structure réele de la muscovite. Répartition des substitutions isomorphes Bulletin of the Society for Mineralogy and Crystallography 87 321–355.Google Scholar
Güven, N. and Pease, R.W., (1975) Selected area electron diffraction studies on beidellite Clay Minerals 10 427–436.Google Scholar
Klug, H.P. and Alexander, L.E., (1974) X-ray Diffraction Procedures for Polycrystalline and Amorphous Materials 1 New York John Wiley and Sons 1954.Google Scholar
Kodama, H. (1975) Diffuse scattering by X-ray and electrons in micas and mica-like minerals. Pp. 7–13 in: Contributions to Clay Mineralogy (in honorof Prof. Toshio Sudo).Google Scholar
Kodama, H., (1977) An electron-diffraction study of a microcrystalline muscovite and its vermiculitized products Mineralogical Magazine 41 461–468 10.1180/minmag.1977.041.320.06.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Norrish, K. and Serratosa, J.M., (1973) Factors in the weathering of mica to vermiculite Proceedings of the 1972 International Clay Conference, Madrid Madrid Sociedad Española de Arcillas 83–101.Google Scholar
Raupach, M. Slade, P.G. Janik, L. and Radoslovich, E.W., (1975) A polarized infrared and X-ray study of lysine-vermiculite Clays and Clay Minerals 23 181–186 10.1346/CCMN.1975.0230303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Slade, P.G. and Gates, W.P., (2004) The ordering of HDTMA in the interlayers of vermiculite and the influence of solvents Clays and Clay Minerals 52 204–210 10.1346/CCMN.2004.0520206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Slade, P.G. and Raupach, M., (1982) Structural model for benzidine-vermiculite Clays and Clay Minerals 30 297–305 10.1346/CCMN.1982.0300408.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Slade, P.G. and Stone, P.A., (1983) Structure of a vermiculite-aniline intercalate Clays and Clay Minerals 31 200–206 10.1346/CCMN.1983.0310305.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Slade, P.G. and Stone, P.A., (1984) Three-dimensional order and the structure of aniline-vermiculite Clays and Clay Minerals 32 233–226 10.1346/CCMN.1984.0320310.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Slade, P.G. Raupach, M. and Emerson, W.W., (1978) The ordering of cetylpyridinium bromide on vermiculite Clays and Clay Minerals 26 125–134 10.1346/CCMN.1978.0260207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Slade, P.G. Self, P.G. and Quirk, J.P., (1998) The interlayer structure of La-vermiculite Clays and Clay Minerals 46 629–635 10.1346/CCMN.1998.0460603.CrossRefGoogle Scholar