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Role of Chitin in Montmorillonite Fabric: Transmission Electron Microscope Observations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Jinwook Kim ,
Yoko Furukawa ,
Kenneth J. Curry  and
Richard H. Bennett
Jinwook Kim*
Affiliation:
Department of Earth System Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
Yoko Furukawa
Affiliation:
Naval Research Laboratory, Seafloor Sciences Branch, Stennis Space Center, MS 39529, USA
Kenneth J. Curry
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA
Richard H. Bennett
Affiliation:
SEAPROBE, Inc., Picayune, MS 39466, USA
*
*E-mail address of corresponding author: jinwook@yonsei.ac.kr
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Abstract

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Particle concentration, charge, solution chemistry (i.e. ionic strength), and the nature of organic matter (OM) are the major factors controlling particle flocculation in aqueous environments. In the present study, the nature of clay fabric associated with clay—OM interaction at a range of ionic strengths was the focus. In the flocculation experiments, the aqueous suspension of montmorillonite and chitin was mixed with NaCl/MgSO4 electrolyte solution. Advanced sample-preparation techniques and visualization methods using transmission electron microscopy were used to observe directly the micro- and nano-scale clay—OM fabric of the resulting flocs. Such direct observation elucidated the role of OM in clay flocculation; few attempts have been made in the past due to the technical difficulties in preserving the original structure. A comparison of clay fabric at two different ionic strengths of 0 and 0.14 M revealed that the individual hexagonal clay particles settled slowly with little intra-aggregate void space (void ratio: 0.07) at 0 M while rapid flocculation and settling of clay particles at 0.14 M, with or without OM, resulted in a more open fabric with greater void space (void ratio: 0.33). The silver-staining technique demonstrated effectively the location of electron-transparent chitin in montmorillonite aggregates. Chitin appeared to link the face-to-face (FF) contacts of clay domains by bridging between negatively charged face surfaces. However, the resultant void ratio and the average hydrodynamic diameter (dH) values were lower than in the OM-free system after flocculation. The results indicated that the interplay between ionic strength and OM content affected the floc architecture and void ratio.

Keywords

ChitinFabricFlocculationHydrodynamic DiameterMontmorilloniteTransmission Electron Microscopy
Type
Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 60 , Issue 1 , February 2012 , pp. 89 - 98
Copyright
Copyright © Clay Minerals Society 2012

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